Plasma endothelin-1 levels during transient acute myocardial ischaemia in men: effects of coronary revascularization

The endothelium-derived peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) was evaluated in 14 male patients [mean age 52.74 years (SEM 1.10)] affected by coronary artery disease during a bicycle electrocardiographic stress test and dipyridamole echocardiogram. Both tests were performed before and after coronary revascularization. Fourteen healthy male subjects served as controls [mean age 53.21 years (SEM 1.63)]. Baseline plasma endothelin-1 levels were higher ( P  < 0^.0001) in ischaemic patients [1^.81 pg mL⁻¹ (0^.15, n  = 14)] than in control subjects [0^.61 pg mL⁻¹ (0^.03, n  = 14)], but did not increase with exercise in both groups. Similar results were obtained with dipyridamole infusion. Endothelin-1 levels significantly decreased after coronary revascularization [before: mean 1^.81 pg mL⁻¹ (SEM 0^.15, n  = 14); after: mean 1^.16 pg mL⁻¹ (SEM 0^.11), P  < 0^.002], without changes in the peptide response to both tests. In conclusion, elevated plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were found in patients with stable angina compared with non-ischaemic subjects. No changes were observed during exercise or dipyridamole infusion in both groups. Coronary revascularization was followed by a significant decrease in plasma endothelin-1 levels.     

Racial differences in endotoxin-induced tissue factor-triggered coagulation

Summary.  Background: Racial differences in coagulation are poorly understood. While some studies suggest a 'prothrombotic' coagulation profile in blacks compared with whites, others report an increased bleeding risk for blacks in various clinical settings. Moreover, preclinical data suggest a link between the Duffy antigen (= DARC, Duffy antigen receptor of chemokines) and coagulation. Objectives: Based on our previous research in Duffy antigen negative Africans, we hypothesized that Africans have an attenuated procoagulant response compared with Caucasians in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, tissue factor (TF)-triggered coagulation activation. Patients/methods: Healthy male volunteers (16 Duffy-negative Africans, 16 Duffy-positive Caucasians) received 2 ng kg⁻¹ LPS, and outcome parameters were measured using enzyme immunoassays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, Taqman). Results: LPS increased microparticle (MP)-associated TF procoagulant activity (PCA) less in Africans than Caucasians. Africans had reduced in vivo thrombin formation compared with Caucasians: they generated less thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes (10.4 pg mL⁻¹ vs. 23.0 pg mL⁻¹, P  < 0.0001) and less prothrombin fragments (F₁₊₂) (337 pmol mL⁻¹ vs. 819 pmol mL⁻¹, P  < 0.0001). Consistently, Africans also had decreased fibrin formation ( d -dimer: 0.3 pg mL⁻¹ vs. 0.5 pg mL⁻¹, P  = 0.02). Conclusion: Duffy-negative subjects of African descent have a markedly reduced procoagulant response in a model of LPS-induced, TF-triggered coagulation activation compared with Duffy-positive healthy Caucasians.     

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are increased in septic shock: impact of interleukin-6 and sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction

Objective Interest has recently focused on the use of neurohormonal markers such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as indices of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and prognosis in heart failure. Also, peptides belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family have been shown to induce ANP and BNP secretion. We hypothesized that BNP and ANP spillover in the peripheral circulation reflects left ventricular dysfunction and IL-6 production in septic shock.Design and setting Retrospective, clinical study in the medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.Patients and participants 17 patients with septic shock and 19 control subjects.Interventions Collection of clinical and demographic data in relation to ANP, BNP, IL-6, and soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R-p55, sTNF-R-p75) in plasma over a period of 4 days.Measurements and results In septic shock we found a significant increase in ANP (82.7±9.9 vs. 14.9±1.2 pg/ml) and BNP (12.4±3.6 vs. 5.5±0.7 pg/ml). Plasma ANP peaked together with IL-6. Peaks of ANP and IL-6 were significantly correlated (r=0.73; p<0.01). BNP was inversely correlated to cardiac index (r=–0.56; p<0.05).Conclusions ANP and BNP increase significantly in patients with septic shock. BNP reflects left ventricular dysfunction. ANP is related to IL-6 production rather than to cardiovascular dysfunction.     

等张运动和抗阻运动对血浆利钠肽激素的影响

目的 :比较等张运动和抗阻运动对血浆利钠肽激素的影响。方法 :8例健康男性采用相同靶心率和相同运动时间 ,分别进行等张运动和交替抗阻运行 ,观察运动前后血浆利钠肽的应激变化。结果 :血浆心房利钠肽和脑利钠肽在等张运动后并行性显著增高 ,抗阻运动后增高不明显 ,但其分泌程度与两项乘积呈正相关。结论 :运动可以导致血浆利钠肽激素的增高 ,体内各激素水平之间存在着交互抑制的现象 ,两种运动形式均有利于提高冠状血管的贮备功能     

舒张性与收缩性心力衰竭血浆脑钠肽和N末端脑钠肽前体的研究

目的：探讨心力衰竭患者心肌应激标志物血浆N末端脑钠肽前体（Nt-pro-BNP）、血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平的变化,及其对收缩性心力衰竭（SHF）与舒张性心力衰竭（DHF）的鉴别意义。方法选择心力衰竭的患者115例,其中SHF组68例、DHF组47例,另选健康体检者56例作为对照组。测定三组间血浆Nt-pro-BNP、BNP和左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果三组患者的BNP、Nt-Pro-BNP和LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义（F分别=157.34、189.98、102.23,P均＜0.05）,且SHF组和DHF组的BNP和Nt-Pro-BNP水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=21.67、31.02、22.67、31.82,P均＜0.05）,SHF组的BNP和Nt-Pro-BNP水平明显高于DHF组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=18.45、24.67,P均＜0.05）。SHF组的LVEF水平明显低于DHF组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=17.56、23.59,P均＜0.05）,但DHF组和对照组的LVEF水平比较,差异无统计学意义（t=2.89, P＞0.05）。 BNP、Nt-pro-BNP鉴别DHF和SHF的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）曲线下面积分别为0.74和0.77,BNP＞150 pg/ml、Nt-pro-BNP＞500 pg/ml作为界值的灵敏度分别为71.32％和74.58％,特异度为62.35％和73.28％。结论血浆BNP和Nt-pro-BNP对鉴别DHF和SHF可能有一定帮助,当心衰患者血清BNP＞150 pg/ml、Nt-pro-BNP＞500 pg/ml时,患者诊断为SHF的可能性大。     

Stimulation of arginine vasopressin secretion by a small increase in blood ionized calcium in normal men

Evidence has been provided for an increase in baseline serum corticotrophin (ACTH) levels in response to a rise in circulating ionized calcium (Ca_i) levels within the physiological range. In order to establish whether small Ca_i increments are also able to modify the basal secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), we infused calcium gluconate through an intravenous infusion pump in eight healthy male subjects (25–31 years old). Serum Ca_i, ACTH and AVP concentrations were measured every 10 min over an infusion period lasting 90 min. A significant progressive rise in serum Ca_i (baseline: 42 ± 0.9 mg dL⁻¹; 90 min: 47.2 ± 0.9 mg dL⁻¹, P  < 0.001), ACTH (baseline: 30.7 ± 1.3 pg mL⁻¹; mean peak at 80 min: 37.4 ± 2.4 pg mL⁻¹, P  < 0.01) and AVP levels (baseline: 2.1 ± 0.6 pg mL⁻¹; mean peak at 80 min: 3.2 ± 0.5 pg mL⁻¹, P  < 0.01) was observed during calcium infusion. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation ( r  = 0.71; P  < 0.001) was observed between ACTH and AVP responses to calcium infusion at 60, 70, 80 and 90 min. These data demonstrate that AVP secretion is stimulated by a slight rapid increase in serum Ca_i levels even though absolute serum Ca_i levels remain within the normal range. In addition, the positive correlation between Ca_i-induced ACTH and AVP increments suggests that AVP plays a releasing role on ACTH secretion during calcium infusion.     

Vasoactive substances in early dumping syndrome: effects of dumping provocation with and without octreotide

In patients after gastric surgery, early dumping symptoms can be provoked by oral glucose challenge. Octreotide effectively prevents the occurrence of dumping symptoms. We have studied plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in nine patients with early dumping, 10 surgical control subjects and nine healthy control subjects after an oral glucose challenge preceded by either placebo or 25 μg of octreotide subcutaneously (s.c.). In the dumping group, basal PRA was signifi-cantly ( P  < 0.01) higher (3.9 ± 0.6 μg L⁻¹ h⁻¹) than in either surgical or healthy control subjects (1.1 ± 0.3 μg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 1.1 ± 0.2 μg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ respectively) and showed a significant rise after glucose ingestion to 5.4 ± 0.9 μg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ that did not occur in control subjects. Aldosterone concentration showed a concomitant rise. In dumping patients, plasma ANP decreased after glucose ingestion from 31 ± 6 ng L⁻¹ to 21 ± 5 ng L⁻¹ ( P  < 0.05). This decrease did not occur in control subjects. Early dumping is associated with an activation of the renin–aldosterone axis and a decrease in plasma ANP, reflecting a hypovolaemic state. Octreotide prevents the occurrence of these changes.     

Cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood in HIV-seropositive patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Concentrations and ex vivo production of interleukin 1β (IL-1), tumour necrosis α (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and TNF soluble receptors (sTNF-receptors, P55 and P75) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and blood in 23 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and compared with values found in healthy HIV-seronegative (HIV−) controls and asymptomatic HIV+ subjects. Concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β were increased in BAL fluid of HIV+ patients with PCP (184 ± 47 pg mL⁻¹) compared with undetectable levels in healthy control subjects ( P  = 0.0001). In plasma of these patients higher concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA were found during acute PCP than after recovery (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2 ng mL⁻¹, P  = 0.01). No correlations could be found between cytokine concentrations and clinical severity of the infection. Corticosteroid treatment did not influence cytokine concentrations in BAL or blood, nor did it suppress the production in alveolar cells. In whole-blood cultures, however, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production was significantly suppressed for IL-1 (1.3 vs. 5.5 ng mL⁻¹, P  = 0.009) and for IL-6 (0.6 vs. 2.5 ng mL⁻¹, P  = 0.01). The overall data show that in HIV+ patients with PCP (similar to what we had found previously in HIV− patients with PCP) proinflammatory cytokines are more prominently present in BAL, whereas anti-inflammatory reaction is predominant in the circulation.     

Head-to-head comparison of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), NT-proBNP and NT-pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) were measured in blood samples from 57 patients using immunoassays and immunoradiometric assays to evaluate the usefulness as diagnostic markers for the detection of heart failure. For the detection of impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), receiver operating characteristic curves showed that BNP had the best diagnostic performance with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.75±0.06. However, NT-proBNP (AUC: 0.67±0.07) and NT-proANP (AUC: 0.69±0.08) showed no significant difference to BNP. In a further analysis for the detection of resting LVEF <40%, BNP again was the best marker with an AUC of 0.83±0.06. NT-proBNP showed only a slightly smaller AUC (0.79±0.07). The AUC for NT-proANP was significantly smaller (0.65±0.08) compared to BNP. Additionally, BNP and NT-proBNP correlated negatively with the resting LVEF (BNP: −0.472, p<0.001; NT-proBNP: −0.306, p=0.026), whereas NT-proANP showed no significant correlation. In summary, BNP was the best marker to detect patients with impaired LVEF compared to NT-proBNP and NT-proANP. However, NT-proBNP showed no significant differences to BNP and it is therefore a new promising alternative marker for the detection of left ventricular dysfunction.     

心力衰竭患者脑型利钠肽与心功能和运动呼吸困难程度的关系

目的心力衰竭患者经常有心率增快和舒张功能异常,运动性呼吸困难是许多心脏病患者常见表现,本研究探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑型利钠肽（BNP）水平与心脏功能参数及呼吸困难严重程度等因素的关系。方法对32例心力衰竭患者（心力衰竭组）进行多普勒超声心动图及血浆BNP和心房利钠肽（ANP）检测,并与30例心功能正常的健康成年人（对照组）的相同指标进行比较。另外,21例患者进行心肺运动试验,观察运动高峰BNP与心肺运动试验VE/VCO2斜率相关性。结果32例心力衰竭患者,其中18例为缺血性心脏病,14例扩张型心肌病,静态心率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,心力衰竭组左室内径明显增加（P〈0.05）,短轴缩短率明显异常（P〈0.05）。左房内径无明显增加,左室射血距离减低（P〈0.05）,舒张早期充盈速度无明显差别。心力衰竭组BNP水平[（13±11）pmol/L],较对照组[（4.6±2.1）pmol/L]明显增加（P〈0.05）。BNP与ANP水平呈正相关（r=0.73,P〈0.01）。心脏内径大小对BNP和ANP无明显影响。BNP水平与心率、射血时间、充盈时间、E/A比值明显相关,相关系数分别为-0.67、0.71、-0.41、0.62（P均〈0.01）,与左室内径和心房内径无相关性。ANP水平只与E/A比值高度相关（r=0.55,P〈0.05）。运动高峰BNP浓度与VE/VCO2斜率正相关（r=0.70,P〈0.01）。结论在心力衰竭患者中,血浆BNP水平能较好地反映心力衰竭患者的多普勒超声心动图心功能参数及运动呼吸困难程度的状况。     

Variable patterns of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in man

Abstract Peripheral circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide may exhibit short-term variation compatible with a pulsatile pattern of secretion. We obtained samples every 2 min for 90 min from the antecubital vein of 16 patients with chronic cardiac failure and 13 controls. Overall levels were higher in the patients (median and quartiles 230 (125,325) vs. 26 (16,48) ng l^-1; P <0·001). In both groups there was considerable variability, with 10 (2–12) peaks, 9 (7–15) troughs (both defined as >2 SD from the mean) and 16 (13–18) pulses (defined by computer) during the sampling period in controls, and a similar number in patients. We then carried out simultaneous sampling in the pulmonary artery, femoral artery and peripheral vein in eight subjects with normal cardiac function and six patients with impaired function due to valvular heart disease. The pattern of variability was preserved in all three sites in both groups, suggesting intermittent secretion rather than variable breakdown of the peptide in the lung. No changes in right atrial pressure or heart rate were observed to coincide with the variations, but levels of the peptide in the pulmonary artery correlated with right atrial pressure in patients (r = 0·87; P <0·05). The mechanism of such periodicity and its pathophysiological importance remain unknown.     

Relationship between natriuretic peptides and hemodynamics in patients with heart failure at rest and after ergometric exercise

Sixteen patients with heart failure who underwent right heart catherization were studied with regard to plasma natriuretic peptide levels and hemodynamic parameters at rest and immediately after symptom-limited ergometry. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured and correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and cardiac index (CI). Compared to normal controls, ANP and BNP were elevated at rest. During exercise ANP and BNP increased. BNP was highly significantly correlated with LVEF (P = 0.005) at rest, whereas ANP did not (P = 0.082). BNP significantly correlated with MPAP and PAWP after exercise and showed a significant inverse correlation with CI. Our data provide evidence that BNP might be a better indicator for LVEF at rest than ANP. In addition, BNP correlates very well with MPAP and PAWP, after exercise. This close correlation is likely to reflect a correlation of BNP with left ventricular enddistolic pressure in heart failure when patients are exposed to physical exercise.     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆BNP、ET、CRP、ANP水平变化与临床观察分析

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者血浆中B型钠尿肽 (BNP)、内皮素 (ET)、C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、A型钠尿肽 (ANP)水平变化 ,为治疗及预后判断提供依据。方法　应用酶联免疫法及免疫放射分析法对 4 6例AMI患者治疗前后和 30名正常对照者血浆中BNP、ET、CRP、ANP水平进行检测。结果　AMI患者血浆中BNP、ET、CRP、ANP治疗前后比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,正常对照组与AMI治疗前比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,BNP与CRP在AMI治疗前水平呈正相关 (r =0 .874 ) ,治疗后呈明显的下降趋势 (r =0 .6 5 4 ) ,AMI治疗前后ANP与ET呈正相关 ,但AMI经溶栓和相应的支持治疗后ANP基本恢复到正常水平 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而BNP、ET、CRP水平虽然下降明显 ,但与正常组比较差异仍有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　AMI患者血浆中BNP、ANP、ET、CRP水平的变化说明其参与了AMI的发生、发展 ,特别是冠状动脉粥样斑块的形成和 (或 )破裂及血栓形成 ,其炎症因子是主要因素。因此 ,4项指标的观察分析对AMI治疗、预后判断具有重要意义     

血浆B型脑钠肽与射血分数在扩张型心肌病患者中的应用

目的探讨血浆B型脑钠肽(BNP)与左心室射血分数(LVEF)在扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者中的相关性及其应用。方法选取福建省省立医院2010年1月至2012年7月住院扩张型心肌病患者54例作为DCM组,根据有无并发心力衰竭又分为A组(心力衰竭组,29例),B组(无心力衰竭组,25例),对照组为福建省省立医院非扩张型心肌病患者共36例,测定所有患者血浆中BNP浓度及LVEF值,并观察其ROC曲线特征。结果 DCM组BNP、LVEF值为(3 820.71±2 934.3)ng/L、40.25%±9.80%;对照组BNP、LVEF值为(439.57±597.57)ng/L、58.79%±6.79%,两组之间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者BNP浓度高于B组患者BNP值,LVEF值低于B组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DCM组BNP和LVEF之间存在明显的负相关(r=-0.669)。DCM组BNP和LVEF的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.898、0.935。结论检测血浆BNP浓度与LVEF对扩张型心肌病尤其是合并有心力衰竭的患者具有重要的临床价值。     

Effects of hemicolectomy on bile acid metabolism in relation to colon carcinogenesis in man

Bile acids are probably important in colon carcinogenesis. Regional differences in bile acid metabolism within the colon were studied to illuminate the preferential distal occurrence of colon cancer in Western countries. Faeces (24 h) were collected for bile acid measurement from 25 patients with hemicolectomy (nine left and 16 right) and 17 adenoma patients with an intact colon (control subjects). Duodenal bile and cytolytic and alkaline phosphatase activity of faecal water were also studied. The median percentage of deoxycholic acid (DCA) was lower in the hemicolectomy groups [left 48% (range 38–57%), right 45% (2–62%) vs. control subjects 59% (38–70%), P  < 0.05]. In duodenal bile, the proportion of DCA in left [4% (1–25%)] was lower than in the patients with right hemicolectomy [19% (0–69%)] and control subjects [24% (7–50%)], P  < 0.05. Faecal concentration of protonated DCA was higher in those with right hemicolectomy (0.101 μmol g⁻¹) than in those with left hemicolectomy (0.048 μmol g⁻¹), which coincided with a higher cytolytic [right 49% (3–93%), left 2% (1–37%)] and alkaline phosphatase activity [right 6.7 U mL⁻¹ (1.2–40.1 U mL⁻¹), left (2.0 U mL⁻¹ (1–25.7 U mL⁻¹), both P  < 0.02]. These findings suggest differences in bile acid metabolism between the proximal and distal colon that may contribute to the disparity in cancer risk.     

Defective interferon-gamma production by T-lymphocytes from patients with acute brucellosis

The authors investigated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T-lymphocytes from 21 untreated patients with acute brucellosis. PHA-stimulated T-lymphocytes from acute brucellosis patients showed normal IL-2 production but defective IFN-γ production (brucellosis patients 531 ± 103 pg mL⁻¹ vs. healthy controls 1024 ± 212 pg mL⁻¹) after 72 h of culture. This altered pattern of IL-2 and IFN-γ production by T-lymphocytes was observed in seven brucellosis patients whose T-lymphocytes exhibited a normal proliferative response to PHA (61 612 ± 18 422 cpm) as well as in the 14 patients with a defective T-lymphocyte proliferative response to the PHA after 5 days of culture (19 479 ± 4409 cpm). After antibiotic therapy, production of the two lymphokines by the PHA-stimulated T-lymphocytes from acute brucellosis patients was similar to that of T-lymphocytes from healthy control subjects. The authors conclude that PHA-stimulated T-lymphocytes from untreated patients with acute brucellosis have defective INF-γ production but normal IL-2 production.     

Abnormal rhythmic oscillations of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in heart failure

The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the secretions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are pulsatile in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and whether the rhythmic oscillations for ANP and BNP are abnormal in patients with CHF. Several reports have shown that ANP and especially BNP are valuable indicators of the prognosis in CHF. Previously, a pulsatile secretion has been described for ANP and BNP in healthy humans and for ANP in CHF patients. More information about the secretion pattern of BNP in heart failure is necessary to increase the clinical usefulness of BNP in patients with CHF. Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and CHF ( n =12) and controls ( n =12) were investigated. Plasma ANP and BNP levels were determined every 2 min during a 2-h period by radioimmunoassay and analysed for pulsatile behaviour by Fourier transformation. All patients and controls had significant rhythmic oscillations in plasma ANP levels, and 11 patients with CHF and 10 controls had significant rhythmic oscillations in plasma BNP levels. The amplitude of the main frequency was considerably higher in patients with CHF than in controls (ANP: CHF, 4.76 pmol/l; controls, 0.75 pmol/l; P <0.01. BNP: CHF, 3.24 pmol/l; controls, 0.23 pmol/l; P <0.001; all values are medians), but the main frequency did not differ significantly between the group with CHF and the control group for either ANP or BNP. Patients with CHF demonstrate pulsatile secretion of ANP and BNP with a much higher absolute amplitude, but with the same main frequency as healthy subjects.     

血浆心钠素及脑钠素检测对预测老年重度脓毒症并发心功能异常及预后的价值

目的 探讨老年重度脓毒症患者血浆心钠素及脑钠素检测对预测心功能异常及不良预后的价值和意义。方法 采用巢式病例对照研究方法，43名老年重度脓毒症患者于确诊后次日测血浆心钠素和脑钠素浓度，并连续3d超声监测患者心功能以确定其是否并发心功能异常并分组，比较两组心钠素和脑钠素浓度，并通过工作曲线下面积比较以确定心钠素和脑钠素对预测心功能异常及不良预后的价值。结果 老年重度脓毒症患者血浆心钠素和脑钠素均能预测心功能异常的发生，但脑钠素预测价值较高。心钠素和脑钠素对死亡预测价值均不高。结论 血浆脑钠素可以作为预测老年重度脓毒症患者合并心功能异常较好的生物学指标。     

艾司洛尔和硝普钠控制性降压对鼻内窦手术病人血利尿钠肽的影响

目的研究控制性降压对鼻内窦术病人血浆心房利尿钠肽（ANP）和脑利尿钠肽（BNP）水平的影响。方法选择45例无心血管疾病拟实行鼻内窦术病人随机分成三组，每组15例即控制性降压艾洛尔组和硝普钠组平均动脉压（MAP）维持在50-55mmHg；对照组平均动脉压维持在70～80mmHg。在下列各时点测定血ANP和BNP浓度：术前（T1）、手术结束时（T2）、2h（T3）、24h（T4）、48h（T5）。结果术前ANP和BNP水平均在正常范围并且三组水平均相似，与对照组（ANP5．31±2．32ug／ml；BNP13．26±8．98ug／ml，P〈0．01）相比艾司洛尔组（ANP2．46±0．75ug／ml；BNP4．34±3．06ug／m1）和硝普钠组（ANP2．48±0．92ug／ml；BNP4．49±3．21ug／m1）T2，T3时点ANP和BNP浓度均下降，并且失血量减少和手术时间缩短。结论控制性降压减少心血管健康病人利尿钠肽的释放。这种作用是通过降低全身阻力和灌注压引起心室充盈压下降引起而实现。     

不同类型冠心病患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平的变化及其临床意义

目的 观察不同类型冠心病患者血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）浓度的改变及其与左心室射血分数（LNEF）的相关性，并探讨其临床意义。方法 把经冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的患者112例作为观察对象，按临床类型分为：急性心肌梗死（AMI）组（38例），不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组（50例），稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组（24例）；对照组为非冠心病患者22例。采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法测定血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）浓度，并行超声心动图检查评价心功能。比较不同组BNP浓度的差异以及各组BNP水平与LVEF的相关性，并观察AMI组心血管事件发生者与未发生者血浆BNP浓度的差异。结果 AMI组BNP水平明显高于UAP、SAP和对照组（P＜0．01），UAP组BNP水平明显高于SAP组和对照组（P＜0．01），SAP和对照组BNP水平无明显差异（P〉0．05）。AMI组和UAP组LVEF与血浆BNP水平均呈明显负相关，AMI组发生心血管事件的患者血浆BNP浓度明显高于未发生者（P〈O．05）。结论 不同类型冠心病患者血浆BNP浓度存在差异，血浆BNP浓度与LVEF有明显的负相关，血浆BNP浓度可预测AMI近期预后。