介孔分子筛HMS负载磷钨酸催化剂的制备及其氧化脱硫性能研究

杂多酸催化剂同时具有酸性和氧化性,用于轻质燃料油的氧化脱硫具有很好的效果。以十二胺为模板剂,磷钨酸为活性组分,介孔分子筛HMS为载体,分别采用浸渍法和一步合成法制备了负载型HPW/HMS催化剂。对催化剂进行了FT-IR和SEM分析表征,考察了催化剂制备条件和反应条件对其脱硫活性的影响。结果表明:采用一步合成法制备的HPW/HMS催化剂,其脱硫效率高于浸渍法制备的催化剂;与焙烧法相比,通过溶剂萃洗去除一步合成法制备过程中的模板剂,得到的催化剂脱硫率更高;HPW/HMS催化剂仍然保持磷钨酸的Keggin结构,能有效催化氧化二苯并噻吩(DBT);在反应温度50℃,反应时间60 min,催化剂质量0.02 g,H2O2体积0.1 m L的条件下,DBT脱除率达到96.5%。     

催化氧化脱硫分子筛催化剂研究进展

综述了催化氧化脱硫分子筛催化剂的研究进展。介绍了TS分子筛催化剂、SBA分子筛催化剂、HMS分子筛催化剂、MCM分子筛催化剂、ZSM-5分子筛催化剂和磷酸铝分子筛催化剂上油品的氧化脱硫方法,其中SBA、HMS、MCM和磷酸铝介孔分子筛催化剂对大分子的硫化物脱除率较高,具有很好的发展前景。今后分子筛催化氧化脱硫技术研究的重要方向是进一步开发通用性好的大孔径分子筛,研究脱硫机理和降低成本。     

VMCM-41对环己烷选择性氧化的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,水玻璃为硅源,在55℃水热条件下合成出介孔VMCM—41分子筛。以VMCM—41分子筛为催化剂,H2O2为氧源,研究了反应温度、时间、引发剂等因素对环己烷选择性氧化的影响。结果表明,在以环己酮为引发剂的情况下,VMCM—41是一种温和、高效的环己烷选择性氧化催化剂。     

Cr(Ⅲ)/HMS催化甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛

以溶胶-凝胶法合成的HMS分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列的Cr(Ⅲ)/HMS负载型催化剂。考察了不同铬源、负载量对甲苯液相双氧水氧化制备苯甲醛的影响,并利用XRD、FTIR技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,铬离子已经进入到载体HMS的骨架。以硝酸铬为铬源,铬负载量为15%的催化剂效果最好,甲苯的转化率为20.8%,苯甲醛的选择性达31.7%。并对甲苯液相氧化的反应机理作了初步的探讨。     

H2O2/固体催化剂氧化脱硫体系中载体的研究进展

从研究应用角度出发, 综述了近年来H₂O₂/固体催化剂氧化脱硫体系中载体的研究进展和发展趋势, 分别从单一氧化物载体、复合氧化物载体、活性炭载体、分子筛及复合分子筛载体4个方面论述了氧化脱硫催化剂载体各自的优缺点及应用成果。单一氧化物载体重点介绍了Al₂O₃、TiO₂、SiO₂、ZrO₂;复合氧化物载体主要对二元复合氧化物进行了综述;重点介绍了以ZSM-5、SBA-15、MCM-41、HMS为代表的分子筛及复合分子筛载体。最后将不同类型载体的结构特点、反应优缺点等进行了归纳总结, 展望了氧化脱硫催化剂载体未来的研究方向, 并提出分子筛及复合分子筛载体将是氧化脱硫催化剂载体研究的焦点。     

W-HMS催化剂的原位法制备研究

以钨酸为原料,通过原位合成法将W~(6+)引入六方介孔全硅分子筛HMS骨架中,制备了W- HMS催化剂。采用XRD、FT-IR以及EDS对所得催化剂结构进行了表征,并通过环戊烯过氧化氢非均相催化氧化制备戊二醛,考察了其催化活性。结果显示,W-HMS催化剂的催化性能与W的量密切相关．在n_(si)/n_w(物质的量比)大于或等于30时,催化剂保持了完好的HMS分子筛结构,W原子以嵌入HMS骨架的形式高度分散于载体内表面,构成催化活性中心,对环戊烯氧化反应转化率可达100%,生成戊二醛的选择性达79．3%。     

Cu(Ⅰ)Y催化剂催化甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯

对气相甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯反应中的Cu(Ⅰ)分子筛催化剂进行了活性评价,考察了分子筛载体、催化剂制备温度和制备时间对反应活性的影响,并对反应条件进行了优化.结果表明,Y型分子筛为载体催化活件最好.Cu(Ⅰ)Y催化剂,其最佳制备温度为650℃,制备时间为4 h,反应温度为140℃.在O_2流量为1 mL/min时,随着CO/O_2摩尔比值的提高,CMeOH及STY均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而SDMC则呈上升趋势,最佳原料气摩尔比CO/O_2=10/1.     

WO_3/HMS催化剂多相催化氧化环戊烯合成戊二醛

以(NH4)2WO4为钨源制备的WO3/HMS分子筛为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,考察了在环戊烯氧化制备戊二醛的多相催化反应中反应时间、反应温度、催化剂质量、溶剂用量和氧化剂质量分数等因素对戊二醛收率的影响。筛选出WO3/HMS催化环戊烯(CPE)合成戊二醛反应的适宜工艺条件:n(H2O2)∶n(W)∶n(CPE)=2∶0.025∶1,V(t-BuOH)∶V(CPE)=8∶1,反应温度为35℃,反应时间为30 h。戊二醛的收率可达67%。     

Ti-HMS合成、表征及其催化氧化性能研究

以有机金属二氯二茂钛为钛源,六方介孔二氧化硅分子筛(HMS)为载体,采用嫁接法合成了含钛量(mol)分别为2.8%、3.8%和4.8%的Ti-HMS,HMS合成原料组成中H2O/EtOH(v/v)分别为0.5、1、2、5、9.合成材料用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附等温线、漫反射紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)进行了表征,并考察了它们以叔丁基过氧化物(TBHP)为氧化剂在对叔丁基甲苯液相氧化中的催化性能.结果表明,表面钛嫁接后的HMS介孔结构有所损失,比表面积和孔体积减少.载体HMS合成原料中的H2O/EtOH(v/v)影响介孔织构和钛的配位环境.UV-VIS资料表明,H2O/EtOH(v/v)=0.5和9时不利于钛着床于分子筛骨架,H2O/EtOH(v/v)=1、2和5的HMS适合作为嫁接钛的载体.催化剂的活性主要受四配位Ti、介孔织构的影响.钛嫁接的HMS在氧化反应中表现出较好的催化活性,载钛量为4.8%Ti、H2O/EtOH(v/v)=1的Ti-HMS显示最好催化活性,对叔丁基甲苯转化率为21.8%.     

HMS介孔分子筛合成及其在丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应中的应用

分别以正硅酸乙酯和伯胺表面活性剂为原料和模板剂成功制备HMS介孔分子筛，经负载活性组分后得到Pt-Sn/HMS催化剂并将其应用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应。探究合成过程中伯胺表面活性剂碳链长度及水和乙醇的比例对HMS介孔分子筛孔结构的影响。XRD和N₂吸附-脱附等分析结果表明，模板剂链长增长时，介孔分子筛孔径、孔壁厚、比表面积及孔容均增大。适当的水/乙醇比例有利于获得更大比表面积和孔体积的介孔分子筛，并表现出更有序的介孔结构。丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应评价和热分析等表征结果表明，HMS介孔分子筛孔道特征直接影响Pt-Sn/HMS催化剂的催化性能。使用孔体积且比表面积较大的HMS样品作为载体制备的脱氢催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中表现出优异的催化活性。性能最优的Pt-Sn/HMS-0.60-16催化剂上，平均丙烷转化率达到46.5%,平均丙烯选择性为94.1%,反应24 h后积炭量仅为质量分数3.4%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.