切花月季的保鲜处理

月季在我国已有上千年的栽培历史。由于月季花型优美,花姿多样,色彩艳丽,深受世界各国人民的喜爱。切花月季与人们常见的观赏月季不同,切花月季花枝、花柄硬挺直顺,支撑力强,花枝长可达50厘米以上,花瓣质地厚,耐瓶插。现将切花月季的保鲜处理方法介绍如下：     

蘸水处理对月季切花保鲜效果的影响

为分析蘸水处理对月季切花的保鲜效果,以‘卡罗拉’月季切花为试材,分别进行蘸水处理和不蘸水处理,于4℃下贮藏,并测定其腐烂指数、萎蔫指数、花朵直径、失重率、呼吸强度、丙二醛（MDA）含量。冷藏试验结果表明,蘸水处理能够降低鲜切花在冷藏过程中膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量和鲜切花呼吸代谢的速率,从而延缓衰老,延长鲜切花的贮藏时间。瓶插试验结果表明,蘸水处理在冷藏15 d后瓶插期间最大花径达6.90 cm,大于不蘸水处理组的6.09 cm,蘸水处理可有效延缓鲜切花腐烂指数、萎蔫指数和失重率的上升,抑制月季切花贮藏和瓶插期间品质的下降。综上,蘸水处理对月季切花具有较好的保鲜效果。本研究结果可为延长‘卡罗拉’月季切花的瓶插寿命及保鲜剂研究提供理论依据。     

月季切花的冰箱保鲜

月季切花在正常的水养情况下观赏期不是很长,尤其是夏天,观赏期仅2～3天。为了延长其观赏时间,笔者于1994年4～5月借助冰箱对少量月季切花进行保鲜试验,得到如下结果。一、材料选取所试品种为红衣主教。取其无病虫、含苞待放、长短一致的切花。采花时间     

壳聚糖保鲜液对唐菖蒲切花保鲜的影响

试验采用0.25‰,0.5‰,0.75‰,1‰,1.25‰的壳聚糖保鲜液处理唐菖蒲切花,观察切花寿命和开花率,旨在探索壳聚糖保鲜液处理切花的效果。试验结果表明,1‰壳聚糖保鲜液处理后的鲜切花,寿命最长,开花率最高。     

不同浓度褪黑素对洋桔梗切花保鲜效果的影响

洋桔梗是全球最重要的鲜切花之一,但洋桔梗切花质地柔软,在销售和消费环节如保鲜处理措施不当,易导致品质下降,出现花、叶干萎,瓶插寿命缩短等现象.为了探寻洋桔梗切花安全的保鲜剂及配方,本研究通过探索不同外源褪黑素浓度梯度下洋桔梗切花外观形态及各项生理指标的变化,旨在筛选出最佳的褪黑素浓度.试验以洋桔梗切花为材料,选用蔗糖、...     

喇叭水仙切花保鲜技术研究

以Golden Harvest为材料,研究预冷时间和保鲜液配比对喇叭水仙鲜切花保鲜效果的影响,在盛花期取三年生Golden Harvest的新鲜花枝,花枝必须生长一致且接近开放,把鲜切花放在5 ℃、相对湿度70%的冰箱中,分别预冷24、36、48 h,结果表明喇叭水仙鲜切花预冷36 h的花径最先达到最大值,且对花的伤害最轻;以预冷36 h的花枝为材料,对SUG与8-HQC以及AgNO3与6-BA分别进行了不同浓度配比试验,结果表明喇叭水仙的保鲜液的最佳配比为5% SUG＋200 mg/L 8-HQC＋45 mg/L AgNO3＋5 mg/L 6-BA,此保鲜液有利于延长切花瓶插寿命、促进开花度和延缓鲜重的降低速度,此条件下喇叭水仙的瓶插寿命可达14.5天,花开的最大直径可达9.21 cm,维持盛开时间达3.6天,且不易发生霉变腐烂。     

茶多酚对月季切花采后生化代谢及保鲜效果的研究

研究了不同浓度茶多酚(10mg·L-1、20mg·L-1和40·L-1)对月季切花红丝绒品种的瓶插寿命、抗氧化代谢及营养成分含量变化的影响.结果表明,与对照相比茶多酚浓度在10 mg·L-1或20 mg·L-1时,月季切花瓶插寿命分别延长2.0天和3.8天(按24h/d计算),其中20 mg·L-1效果最明显,极显著地提高花瓣CAT、POD和SOD3种抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,可溶性糖被缓慢消耗,可溶性蛋白质含量先升高后缓慢降低;而40 mg·L-1浓度茶多酚则加剧脂质过氧化水平,可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质含量急剧降低,缩短了月季切花的瓶插寿命.     

几种保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜生理的影响

为了寻找最佳的非洲菊切花保鲜液配方。为解决非洲菊切花的保鲜问题提供理论依据,研究了5种瓶插保鲜液对非洲菊切花水分平衡值、细胞膜透性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛含量及瓶插寿命等的影响,结果表明：不同保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜的效果差异显著,与对照（清水）相比,2号保鲜液（配方为：2％Suc＋200mg／L8-HQC＋150mg／L AL2（SO4）3＋water）最有利于维持切花水分平衡值、提高POD活性、延缓细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量的上升。其保鲜效果最好。其次是3号、4号和5号保鲜液配方。并对这几种配方的保鲜原因进行了讨论。     

切花月季的品种选择

生产切花月季,固然需要良好的温室条件和栽培技术,但从根本上决定切花品质和产量的仍在于品种的优劣。本文将就如何选择切花月季的问题及部分切花月季品种的性状,做一粗略介绍。     

化学药剂对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

为了研究预处理和瓶插液配方对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响,通过对瓶插期间月季切花的形态变化的观察,进行了保剂配方试验。结果表明,化学药剂能明显缓解月季切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,能不同程度的延长瓶插寿命。通过对几十种保鲜剂的研究和筛选,选择出2－3种具有良好保鲜效果的保鲜剂。     

不同可食性膜对草鱼鱼片保鲜效果的比较

实验比较了不同可食性抗菌膜对草鱼鱼片的保鲜效果。实验把成膜材料的类型和葱姜蒜混合乙醇提取液添加作为两个因素,制备了6种涂膜液CMC（羧甲基纤维素）、CMCT（羧甲基纤维素＋葱姜蒜提取液）、Chi（壳聚糖）、ChiT（壳聚糖＋葱姜蒜提取液）、NaAlg（海藻酸钠）和NaAlgT（海藻酸钠＋葱姜蒜提取液）。研究发为成膜材料对鱼片的保鲜指标具有显著差异。CMC和CMCT的感官评分均显著低于其它各组,而细菌总数、TVB-N和pH显著高于其它各组;NaAlg和NaAlgT的感官评分与Chi和ChiT组相近,但细菌总数、TVB-N和pH显著低于其它各组。葱姜蒜提取液的添加可显著降低冷藏过程中鱼片的pH值。实验结果表明,海藻酸钠涂膜保鲜鱼片的效果最好。     

Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers

The naturally short vase-life of cut rose flowers, leads to difficulties with long-distance transportation and subsequent marketing. This study was conducted to determine whether application of salicylic acid (SA) pre- and postharvest could improve vase-life of cut rose flowers of the ‘Black Magic’ variety. Aqueous solutions of 50-200 μM salicylic acid were sprayed on roses grown in a controlled greenhouse about two weeks before harvest and flowers were cut and kept in a vase solution of SA (50-400 μM) to examine SA effects on the vase-life, flower development and senescence, increase/decrease of relative fresh and dry weight, vase solution uptake and activity of an antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT). All of these attributes were positively affected by SA treatment. The vase solutions containing SA showed a significant increase in cumulative uptake, relative fresh weight, and CAT activity. Generally, CAT activity in intact and cut flowers decreased during the flower bud development with the lowest activity present at petal senescence. However, SA retarded the decrease of CAT activity during senescence both in flowers and leaves compared to the water control. Postharvest SA application prolonged vase-life in cut rose flowers by improving the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity related to CAT activity and by better regulation of the water balance.     

植物色素对马蹄莲鲜切花的染色效应

运用8种植物色素对马蹄莲鲜切花进行染色。结果表明,8种植物色素均能对其进行染色,其中以辣椒红素、柠檬黄和茶黄素最适宜,胭脂红、葡萄紫和靛蓝次之,胡萝卜素与南瓜花黄素较差。适宜的浓度、染色时间及pH值分别为辣椒红素（6g/L、4h、8.7）、柠檬黄（10g/L、5h、9.7）、茶黄素（9g/L、5h、10.4）、胭脂红（15g/L、8h、10.7）、葡萄紫（15g/L、9h、9.4）、靛蓝（20g/L、9h、6.6）、胡萝卜素（15g/L、11h、7.5）、南瓜花黄素（12g/L、12h、7.5）。温度高、湿度小时染色速度快,但分布不均匀,多呈斑形;花梗长度对染色效果影响不明显;瓶插花枝染色较浸泡花朵染色效果好;染色后瓶插寿命均明显缩短。     

Effects of auxin and methyl jasmonate on cut rose petal growth through activation of acid invertase

Petal growth associated with flower opening depends on cell expansion caused by water influx. To understand the mechanism of flower opening and to develop a method for improving cut flower quality, we investigated the changes in the amount of soluble carbohydrates and invertase activities in rose (Rosa ‘Meivildo’) petals using attached and cut flowers, and the effects of α-napthylacetic acid (NAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on cut flowers. Cut rose flowers were harvested at the tight bud stage (TB), or mature bud stage (MB), which is the commercial harvest stage, and 2 days after TB. Cut flowers were immediately treated with deionized water or 1% (w/v) glucose. Fresh weight (FW) and the levels of soluble carbohydrates in petals in cut flowers were lower under postharvest conditions than those of attached flowers during flower opening. Although invertase activities in petals of attached flowers increased drastically during TB and MB, those in the petals harvested at TB did not increase under postharvest conditions. These results suggested that sucrose metabolism, including invertase activity, could be an important factor in cut rose flower opening to a greater extent after harvest. In addition, we tried to control flower opening by affecting invertase activities in petals of cut rose flowers. Cut flowers treated with NAA opened faster and those treated with MeJA opened later than in controls. Levels of soluble carbohydrates and invertase activity in petals were also changed by these treatments. In flowers treated with NAA, activities of both vacuolar and cell wall invertases increased 1 day after treatment and then decreased through to the end of the treatment, although activities in control flowers never increased after harvested. By contrast, cell wall invertase activity in MeJA treated flowers increased 1 day later than with the NAA treatment and remained at a relatively high level until 4 days after treatment compared to the controls. Our results suggest that inducing invertase activity in postharvest conditions may important for the quality of cut roses.     

宇花灵对龙眼控梢促花效果试验研究

摘要：采用宇花灵控制龙眼冲梢,主要是通过叶片吸收有机营养,并提高叶片光合作用效能,使树体有机营养含量提高,调节植株营养生长与生殖生长关系,达到有效控制龙眼冲梢提高花质的效果。龙眼控冲梢最佳时期为冲梢幼叶未展前进行,此时采用180倍宇花灵叶面喷施,可有效控制冲梢,成花率可达95.72%,纯花穗率达95.84%,雌花比率达45.21%。若处理不及时,冲梢花穗幼叶开始展开,则需采用宇花灵与乙烯利配合使用。     

光对红肉桃果肉红色形成的影响

为探讨光照是否影响红肉桃果实果肉着色,以青岛市地方红肉桃品种“大把撸”为材料,研究了不同套袋处理对着色后红肉桃果肉糖酸及色素尤其是花青苷含量变化的影响。结果表明：套袋明显抑制了果肉红色的形成;果实摘袋见光后花青苷合成能力得到恢复;套袋也降低了红肉桃果肉可滴定酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,由此证明红肉桃果实果肉红色形成在很大程度上受光照影响。     

Treatment with chlorine dioxide extends the vase life of selected cut flowers

The accumulation of bacteria in vase water is often associated with premature senescence in many cut flower species. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) to extend flower display life by preventing the build-up of bacteria in vase solutions. The addition of 2 or 10 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂ to clean deionized water extended the vase life of Alstroemeria peruviana ‘Senna’, Antirrhinum majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Pasha’, Gerbera jamesonii ‘Monarch’, Gypsophila paniculata ‘Crystal’ and ‘Perfecta’, Lilium asiaticum ‘Vermeer’, Matthiola incana ‘Ruby Red’ and Rosa hybrida ‘Charlotte’ flowers by 0.9–13.4 d (7–77%) relative to control (i.e. 0 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂) stems. The beneficial effects of ClO₂ treatment were associated with a reduction in the accumulation of aerobic bacteria in vase water and on cut surfaces of flower stems. ClO₂ treatment was also effective in maintaining or extending the vase life of A. majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dendrathema × grandiflorum ‘Albatron’, G. paniculata ‘Perfecta’ and M. incana ‘Ruby Red’ flowers even when stems were placed into water containing 10¹¹ CFU L⁻¹ bacteria. The efficacy of 10 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂ in vase water containing 0.2 g L⁻¹ citric acid and 10 g L⁻¹ sucrose to extend the display life of G. jamesonii ‘Lorca’ and ‘Vilassar’ flowers was equal to or greater than other tested biocides (i.e. aluminum sulfate, dichloroisocyanuric acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, Physan 20™, sodium hypochlorite). Taken collectively, the results of the present study highlight the potential of aqueous ClO₂ for use as an alternative antibacterial agent in flower vase solutions.     

UV-C irradiation induces defence responses and improves vase-life of cut gerbera flowers

UV-C (λ = 254 nm) irradiation was effective in reducing Botrytis cinerea floret specking (i.e., lesion development) and maintaining a better postharvest quality of cut gerbera flowers. A range of UV-C doses (0.5-10.0 kJ m⁻²) was tested on ‘Ice cream’ and ‘Ecco’ gerbera flowers to activate germicidal and inducible defence mechanisms. Irradiation of B. cinerea cultures with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 kJ m⁻² UV-C resulted in up to a 10-fold reduction of conidial germination percentages and significant (P < 0.05) delay of mycelium growth, compared to the non-irradiated control cultures. Moreover, lesion diameters on gerbera florets inoculated with UV-C irradiated B. cinerea cultures were reduced by up to 70%, suggesting that UV-C had a negative effect on the pathogenic strength of the fungi. Lesion diameters on florets of UV-C irradiated gerberas were reduced by up to 55% giving evidence that defence responses in the host tissue were induced. Concentration of total phenolics seemed to be unaffected by 0.5 kJ m⁻² UV-C treatment in both cultivars, but polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased and remained higher compared to the non-irradiated control flowers throughout the 48 h storage period at 20 °C. The increase of PPO suggests that this enzyme might play an important role in host defence mechanisms that suppressed B. cinerea floret specking. Gerbera flowers irradiated with 1.0 or 10.0 kJ m⁻² UV-C showed improvement in vase-life by 1.8 and 2.4 d, decrease in stem break percentages by 43 and 29% and delay in stem break incidence by 3.3 and 1.3 d, respectively.     

果树循环经济生态栽培体系构建的研究分析

发展生态农业,实现可持续发展,是我国农业未来的主要方向。本文针对果树生产现状中存在的主要问题,提出了果树循环经济生态栽培体系的构建思路和可行性,结合我国实情开展了果树生态栽培与循环体系的建立与链接的研究与分析,提出了以果树产业为龙头,以牧草（市场）为纽带,通过延伸产业链条,将加工工程技术、废弃物资源利用纳入果树产业的循环系统的模式构建,分析了应用果树循环经济生态栽培体系循环模式产生的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。     

菠萝果实生长发育过程中营养品质的变化

以‘巴厘（Ananas comosusr cv. Yellow Mauritius）’、‘卡因（Ananas comosusr cv. Cayenne）’和‘台农11号（Ananas comosusr cv. Tainung 11）’3个菠萝品种的果实为试材, 进行果实发育过程中糖、酸以及维生素C含量的分析。结果表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖是菠萝果实的主要糖类;在果实发育早期,各糖分含量较低,随着果实生长速度减慢,糖含量迅速增加,在果实成熟期达到最大值;在成熟果实中,不同品种间糖份的比例有较大差异,其中,‘巴厘’为3.71:1.11:1,‘卡因’为2.67:0.74:1。菠萝果实中所含有机酸有柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸;随着果实的发育,不同品种间有机酸的含量、比例以及变化规律有一定的差异;在成熟果实中有机酸含量由高到低依次,‘巴厘’为柠檬酸（约占65.7%）、苹果酸（约占24.9%）、乙酸、草酸和马来酸,酒石酸没有检测到,‘卡因’为柠檬酸（约占62.2%）、苹果酸（约占14.4%）、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸。菠萝果实中也有较丰富的维生素C,不同品种维生素C含量差异较大,‘巴厘’最高（0.49mg/g）,‘卡因’次之（0.19mg/g）,‘台农11号’最低（0.11mg/g）。