燃煤气的注蒸汽燃气轮机循环的热力学分析

本文将煤气化技术用于注蒸汽燃气轮机循环，对以煤气化产物为燃料的注蒸汽循环进行了热力学分析，并讨论了各参数对循环性能的影响。     

闭式注蒸汽燃气轮机循环热效率的估算方法

将实际循环在循环完善程度和设备完善程度方面与理论的卡诺循环进行对比,通过循环的特性参数估算出闭式注蒸汽燃气轮机循环的热效率,并在此基础上给出了中冷,再热和燃煤气的闭式注蒸汽循环热效率的估算公式,同时分析了循环系数和完善系数对循环热效率的影响。     

整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电技术介绍与分析

煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电技术是煤气化和燃气-蒸汽联合循环的结合,是当今国际正在兴起的一种先进的洁净煤（CCT）发电技术,其具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用好等优点。本文简要介绍了整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电技术,对IGCC的关键技术和设备进行了阐述。     

什么是IGCC技术?

IGCC(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)即整体煤气化联合循环发电系统,是将煤气化技术和高效的联合循环相结合的先进动力系统。它由两大部分组成——第一部分煤气化与净化部分,第二部分燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电部分。     

整体煤气化燃气—蒸汽联合循环机组

整体煤气化蒸汽燃气联合循环机组（Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle），简称IGCC发电技术，是煤气化和蒸汽联合循环的结合，是当今国际上正在兴起的先进的洁净煤（CCT）发电技术，其具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用串高等优点。它由两大部分组成，即煤的气化与净化部分和燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电部分。     

双水平井SAGD循环预热工艺研究与应用

蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)技术是开发超稠油的一项前沿技术,具有驱油效率高、采收率高的特点。该技术应用分为启动阶段和生产阶段。SAGD启动阶段应用的技术主要有蒸汽吞吐预热启动和循环预热启动。相对于蒸汽吞吐预热启动,注蒸汽循环预热启动加热均匀,启动平稳,有利于蒸汽腔的均匀扩散,蒸汽腔发育体积大,转入SAGD生产以后,生产效果好,采收率高。但配套循环预热管柱结构复杂、预热参数优化困难、循环预热机理仍需进一步研究,尤其在工艺配套上,尚无满足循环预热试验要求的同注同采工艺技术,且国内尚无成功实施循环预热的先例可资借鉴。对循环预热工艺机理、注采参数设计、管柱结构进行研究,完成了为循环预热工艺配套的井下双管柱结构、无接箍长冲程抽油泵、注采一体双管井口等多项关键技术设备,现场应用表明,完全满足循环预热工艺要求。同时,得到合理的循环预热注汽量、注汽速度、注汽压力、采注比等预热参数,为下步SAGD试验的规模实施奠定了基础。     

蒸汽凝结水闭式回用的难点分析

蒸汽凝结水的闭式回用是提高蒸汽供热系统热效率的重要措施。目前很多工厂企业都在采用这种技术,取代原有的开式回收系统,但有相当多的企业凝结水闭式回收系统并不成功,有的甚至由于闭式系统的投运,影响了蒸汽换热工艺。本文针对蒸汽凝结水闭式回收系统经常出现的问题,进行分析并提出解决方法。     

部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环发电系统(PGACC)技术方案研究

部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环发电系统是一种把煤气化技术，常压流化技术与联合循环结合起来的洁净煤发电技术，它通过将压气机排气在常压流化床锅炉中进行预热，同时利用气化炉内的高温煤气使蒸汽过热，从而提高循环效率，它的发电效率比较高，系统比较简单，是一种新的洁净煤发电技术的选择。文章采用ASPEN PLUS软件对部分煤气化空气预热燃煤联合循环方案改造老电厂的多种技术方案进行计算并对技术方案作了初步研究。     

燃气／蒸汽联合循环发电技术

一、引言 为力求改善和提高热能转换成电能的设备效率,燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电已引起人们特别关注,并且实践也证明,联合循环发电站是提高发电机组效率的最有效的途径之一(效率可达45～50％),所以各国都在大力发展燃气蒸汽联合循环发电的技术设备。 在国外,六十年代就研制出第一代联合循环设备,近几年已研制了第三代联合循环设备,尤其是煤气化燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电站,都相争在九十年代实现大规模商业化的实用     

间接加热设备冷凝水闭式循环回收系统节能实效

冷凝水闭式循环回收系统是间接加热设备的冷凝水回收利用较好方法,通过回收装置使冷凝水在锅炉和用汽设备之间形成封闭式循环,既回收利用了冷凝水中的能量,又节约了水资源。简单介绍了目前蒸汽的冷凝水回收状况,通过实例说明间接加热设备闭式冷凝水循环回收系统的节能和节水特点。     

燃煤气的闭式STIG循环中气化系统能量转化效率的研究

针对燃煤气的闭式ＳＴＩＧ循环,给出气化系统能量转化效率的计算式,计算三种典型气化炉分别采用高温干法和常温湿法净化系统的能量转化效率,同时分析能量转化效率对整个循环系统效率的影响。     

A proposed scheme for coal fired combined cycle and its concise performance

For IGCC, the primary investment is too high due to the demand of high gasification efficiency. For PFBCC, the thermal efficiency is too low due to the relatively low turbine inlet temperature and the hot working medium of the gas turbine is not easy to clean. A new scheme is proposed for coal fired combined cycle to overcome the main drawbacks of IGCC and PFBCC. The research targets are developing a new cycle construction of coal fired combines cycle to raise the efficiency and reduce the primary investment. Actually, the new scheme is a synthesis of some existing proposals. It adopts partial gasification to reduce the primary investment of the gasification equipment. The un-gasified surplus solid is then feed to a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, but adopting Curtiss Wright type external combustion to lower the ash content in the working medium. The gas fuel from the partial gasifier is combusted in a top combustor to further increase the working medium temperature. An extremely concise performance estimation method for the new scheme and its equations is proposed in order to easily understand the basic physical meaning of the new system. Some typical calculations based on this concise method are given. Then, a more detailed computation is accomplished with Aspen Plus code. The basic feasibility of this scheme is proven to be favorable. The efficiency is higher than the existing coal fired IGCC plants. The advantage of the new scheme comes from the better utilization of coal energy. Almost all the energy of coal is first utilized in the top cycle, and then the bottom cycle, just like the gas fueled combined cycle does. The primary investment is lower than the ordinary IGCC due to the lack of air separation unit and the adoption of partial gasification. The ash content is much lower than that of the existing PFBCC plants. If no any harmful ash in working medium is required, the atmospheric fluidized bed can be applied rather than the pressurized fluidized bed. A similar proposal with atmospheric fluidized bed and its performance estimation are also given. However, its efficiency will be lower than the pressurized fluidized bed scheme.     

焦载热部分气化燃煤联合循环系统性能分析

文中提出的一种新型燃煤联合循环发电技术,载热部分气化联合循环技术,经近几年的研究及运行实验,得到不断完善。最近,作为这种系统的改进型式－－焦载热部分气化联合循环已被提出,其焦载热炉及气化炉部分已在清华电厂投建,并进行冷态调试。本文在载热循环基础上,通过改变煤成分等参数对焦载热系统进行分析,得出结论认为煤气质量及流率的影响对整个整合循环系统极为关键。     

我国的燃气_蒸汽联合循环发电技术前景良好

针对我国能源结构和能源政策,指出燃气－蒸汽联合循环是提高发电效率和解决环境污染的重要途径,尤其是国际公认的最有发展前途的两种燃煤联合循环发电技术;ＩＧＣＣ和ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ。文中简要地介绍了这两种联合循环发电技术。     

Operation window and part-load performance study of a syngas fired gas turbine

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) provides a great opportunity for clean utilization of coal while maintaining the advantage of high energy efficiency brought by gas turbines. A challenging problem arising from the integration of an existing gas turbine to an IGCC system is the performance change of the gas turbine due to the shift of fuel from natural gas to synthesis gas, or syngas, mainly consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Besides the change of base-load performance, which has been extensively studied, the change of part-load performance is also of great significance for the operation of a gas turbine and an IGCC plant.In this paper, a detailed mathematical model of a syngas fired gas turbine is developed to study its part-load performance. A baseline is firstly established using the part-load performance of a natural gas fired gas turbine, then the part-load performance of the gas turbine running with different compositions of syngas is investigated and compared with the baseline. Particularly, the impacts of the variable inlet guide vane, the degree of fuel dilution, and the degree of air bleed are investigated. Results indicate that insufficient cooling of turbine blades and a reduced compressor surge margin are the major factors that constrain the part-load performance of a syngas fired gas turbine. Results also show that air bleed from the compressor can greatly improve the working condition of a syngas fired gas turbine, especially for those fired with low lower heating value syngas. The regulating strategy of a syngas fired gas turbine should also be adjusted in accordance to the changes of part-load performance, and a reduced scope of constant TAT (turbine exhaust temperature) control mode is required.     

10 MW生物质气化耦合超临界燃煤锅炉系统火用平衡分析

为有效评价生物质气化耦合燃煤锅炉系统能量转换过程,分析该系统的节能潜力,以某10 MW循环流化床生物质气化炉耦合大型超临界燃煤机组为例,建立了该耦合系统的火用分析控制体模型,利用Aspen plus平台对该系统实际运行过程进行火用平衡分析。结果表明：当前运行工况下,生物质气化过程火用损失是耦合系统最大的火用损失,达到42.28%,其次是可燃气体在燃煤锅炉内的燃烧及传热过程,为25.32%。因此系统运行过程中应采取优化运行措施,减小气化过程火用损失,同时气化炉应尽量与高参数的大型机组耦合运行,可燃气体选取在燃煤锅炉合适位置输入,以保证充分燃烧。     

煤的部分空气气化联合循环发电系统特性研究

煤的部分空气气化联合循环发电是一种把煤气化技术和循环流化床技术结合起来的洁净煤发电技术。文章通过对三种方案的计算，得出了碳的转化率与运行温度、煤气热值、气化效率、系统效率之间的关系，证实了碳的转化率对系统运行有重要的影响，同时和其他气化方式下联合循环发电系统进行比较分析，证实煤的空气部分气化联合循环系统是一高效低污染、技术简单、投资小、见效快的发电系统。     

煤气化-无烟燃烧锅炉工业性试验研究

通过在同一“0 .5 t/ h立式锅炉”上进行的煤气化 -无烟燃烧与传统手烧 2种运行方式的对比性试验研究表明 :“煤气化 -无烟燃烧”方式比传统手烧方式不仅热效率高 (>80 % ) ,而且具有相当高的炉内自除尘作用 ,其相对除尘效率可高达 96.0 9% ,烟尘初始排放浓度 <80 mg/ Nm3,是一种高效的洁净煤技术。图 3表 2参5     

IGCC多联产系统设备特点及其运行技术研究

IGCC发电技术是基于清洁煤气化的高效联合循环发电技术,本文通过对目前国内外燃烧天然气和IGCC发电技术的综合研究,分析了IGCC发电技术的设备特点,并结合类似IGCC燃用中低热值的联合循环机组试验研究结果,开展了IGCC发电设备的经济运行技术研究,对IGCC及其多联产机组参与电网调峰运行和掺烧备用天然气的运行技术提出了建议。     

Comparative exergoeconomic analyses of the integration of biomass gasification and a gas turbine power plant with and without fogging inlet cooling

Inlet cooling is effective for mitigating the decrease in gas turbine performance during hot and humid summer periods when electrical power demands peak, and steam injection, using steam raised from the turbine exhaust gases in a heat recovery steam generator, is an effective technique for utilizing the hot turbine exhaust gases. Biomass gasification can be integrated with a gas turbine cycle to provide efficient, clean power generation. In the present paper, a gas turbine cycle with fog cooling and steam injection, and integrated with biomass gasification, is proposed and analyzed with energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The thermodynamic analyses show that increasing the compressor pressure ratio and the gas turbine inlet temperature raises the energy and exergy efficiencies. On the component level, the gas turbine is determined to have the highest exergy efficiency and the combustor the lowest. The exergoeconomic analysis reveals that the proposed cycle has a lower total unit product cost than a similar plant fired by natural gas. However, the relative cost difference and exergoeconomic factor is higher for the proposed cycle than the natural gas fired plant, indicating that the proposed cycle is more costly for producing electricity despite its lower product cost and environmental impact.