高TCR氧化钒薄膜研究进展

氧化钒薄膜的高电阻温度系数(TCR)是制作高灵敏度非制冷红外探测器的一个极其重要的参量.探测器的响应率与TCR紧密相关.高TCR将提升红外探测器的探测性能.鉴于氧化钒薄膜TCR的重要性,综述了近几年国内外研究中制备高TCR氧化钒薄膜的新技术并分类归纳:包括离子束增强沉积(IBED)法,反应脉冲激光沉积技术等.由于氧化钒薄膜具有VO2、VO5等多种价态结构,不同的制备条件和方法所生成的氧化钒薄膜TCR大小也不同,因此,分析了相关技术方法的优缺点,并对高TCR进行了一定的理论解释.     

非制冷红外探测器用高TCR氧化钒薄膜制备研究

主要介绍了红外探测器的分类、发展,及基于氧化钒薄膜的热探测器的优势;采用直流对靶磁控溅射法制备氧化钒薄膜,通过设计正交实验,获得了氧化钒薄膜的最佳制备参数,分析了各个制备参数对氧化钒薄膜成分以及TCR的影响,研究了硅衬底上氧化钒薄膜电阻温度系数与电阻之间的关系.     

一种高性能氧化钒热敏薄膜的制备和应用

报道一种制备高性能氧化钒热敏薄膜的方法和其应用。采用反应磁控溅射薄膜沉积技术，通过改变氧化钒热敏薄膜沉积时溅射功率，从而调整钒原子在溅射出来之后接触到基片表面时的沉积速率，同时通过对设备进行改造升级，即在钒溅射腔腔外增加一个控制电源来精确控制溅射电压及氧气分压等参数来精确控制反应过程中电流密度，优化了氧化钒薄膜的制备工艺，制备出方块电阻为500 kΩ/□，电阻温度系数（TCR）为?2.7% K?1的氧化钒薄膜。实验测试结果表明，利用高性能氧化钒热敏薄膜制作的非制冷红外焦平面探测器，其噪声等效温差（NETD）降低30%，噪声降低28%，显著提升了非制冷焦平面探测器的综合性能。     

磁控溅射法制备氧化钒薄膜的研究

主要介绍了红外探测器的分类、发展,及基于氧化钒薄膜的热探测器的优势;采用直流磁控溅射法在相对较低温度220℃下制备出电阻温度系数(TCR)为-1.9%/℃的VOx薄膜.通过XRD、AFM、红外透过测试方法对薄膜的形貌、组分及其红外吸收性能进行分析,结果表明该VOx薄膜非常适合用作非制冷红外探测器热敏材料.与传统的工艺相比,由于该薄膜淀积过程无需高温退火,在后期的红外焦平面制作过程中,可以较好地保护红外焦平面阵列的CMOS电路.     

氧化钒热敏薄膜的制备及其性质的研究

报道一种制备氧化钒热敏薄膜的新方法.采用离子束溅射V2O5粉末靶淀积和氮氢混合气体热处理相结合的薄膜技术,可制备热敏性能较好的低价氧化钒薄膜VOx(x＜2.5).对不同温度退火后氧化钒薄膜在10～100℃范围内测定了薄层电阻随温度的变化,得到的电阻温度系数(TCR)值为(-1～-4)%K-1.研究结果表明通过这种方法可在较低温度下制备氧化钒薄膜,这种薄膜具有较低的电阻率和较高的TCR值,可作为非致冷红外微测辐射热计的热敏材料.     

射频磁控溅射氧化钒薄膜的结构与性能研究(英文)

以非制冷微测辐射热计型红外探测器应用为需求背景,采用射频磁控溅射技术在300℃低温条件下制备了氧化钒薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散谱(EDS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术表征了薄膜的结晶状态、微观结构与化学组成。采用四探针技术研究了薄膜的电学性能。结果表明该薄膜主要为非晶态的二氧化钒(VO2),并具有光滑的表面形貌。这种非晶VO2薄膜在22～100℃温度范围内不存在半导体-金属相变。100 nm厚的非晶VO2薄膜室温下的面电阻为600 kΩ/□,同时表现出-2.1%/℃的较高电阻温度系数(TCR),这表明该薄膜有希望用于非制冷微测辐射热计型红外探测器。     

非致冷红外探测器用氧化钒多晶薄膜的制备

采用离子束溅射镀膜和氧化工艺在Si(110)和石英衬底上制备了用于非致冷红外探测器阵列热敏材料的混合相氧化钒多晶薄膜．扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示：薄膜表面呈针状晶粒状,而且薄膜表面光滑、致密,均匀性好．测试结果表明：氧化钒薄膜的方块电阻和电阻温度系数(TCR)在20℃分别为50KΩ和-0.021K^-1。     

氧化钒热敏薄膜的制备及其性质的研究

报道一种制备氧化钒热敏薄膜的新方法。采用离子束溅射V2O5粉末靶淀积和氮氢混合气体热处理相结合的薄膜技术,可制备热敏性能较好的低价氧化钒薄膜VOx(x＜2.5)。对不同温度退火后氧化钒薄膜在10－100℃范围内测定了薄层电阻随温度的变化,得到的电阻温度系数（TCR）值为（－1～－4）％K^-1。研究结果表明通过这种方法可在较低温度下制备氧化钒薄膜,这种薄膜具有较低的电阻率和较高的TCR值,可作为非致冷红外微测辐射热计的热敏材料。     

用于微测辐射热计的氧化矾热敏材料的温度特性

氧化矾作为非制冷微测辐射热计的热敏材料,电阻率p和电阻温度系数TCR(Temperature Coefficient of Resistance)是表征其性能的重要参数.通过对用离子束溅射得到的氧化矾薄膜在相同时间不同温度下的N2+H.退火实验,我们发现氧化矾薄膜的电阻率p和电阻温度系数TCR之问存在着密切的正相关关系,AES结果表明它们的变化对应着氧化矾热敏材料的O/v比例(或氧空位浓度)的变化.这三个参量随着退火温度的改变而变化,在350～500℃的退火温度范围内,我们发现电阻率p,电阻温度系数TCR以及O/V比例随着温度的变化均出现一个峰值.通过对氧化矾的电阻温度特性的分析,我们讨论了氧化矾薄膜的导电机制.我们认为,用本方法制备的氧化矾薄膜在室温下导电的载流子主要来自于相对较深能级杂质的电离.     

氧化钒非制冷红外焦平面探测器芯片工艺研究

非制冷红外探测器具有成本低廉、无需制冷等优异特点,在红外探测和红外成像领域占有极其重要的地位.从氧化钒非制冷焦平面探测器的牺牲层、支撑层、氧化钒等制备工艺进行了研究,为国内非制冷焦平面探测器工程化研究奠定了坚实的技术基础.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.