增效醚在不同杀虫剂和增效醚混合物中的作用分析

采用滤纸药膜残留法测定了增效醚和氧乐果、久效磷或杀螟硫磷混用对玉米暝三龄幼虫的效果。结果表明：氧乐果或久效磷＋增效醚（１：０．５￣１：２．０）组合较药剂单用的活性提高２倍以上；而杀螟硫磷＋增效醚（１：０．５￣１：２．０）组合的ＬＣ５０值是单用的约２￣３倍。试虫中毒症状记录显示增效醚对杀虫剂的增毒或解毒作用在处理后２￣１２小时内表现。说明增效醚在杀虫剂＋增效醚混合物中的作用主要取决于多功能氧化酶对杀     

富右旋反式丙烯菊酯的药效研究

本文报道了富右旋反式丙烯菊酯对蚊、蝇的毒力测定及药效应用。实验结果表明：用药膜法测定富右旋反式丙烯菊酯对淡色库蚊的ＬＣ５０为４３．７８ｐｐｍ，对家蝇的ＬＣ５０为４６．５１ｐｐｍ：参照国标法测定富右旋反式丙烯菊酯在盘蚊盘中的药效：２．５ｍｇ／ｇ蚊香对淡色库蚊的ＫＴ５０为８．７０５８分，ＫＴ９５为１７．２２３５分；增效剂八氯二丙醚在盘香中与富右旋反式丙烯菊酯呈相加关系；本文还提供了生物测试与仪器分析相     

不同龄期稻黑尾叶蝉对杀虫剂的第三性测定

采用植株浸渍处理法测定了不同龄期的稻黑尾叶蝉若虫分另对吡虫啉、齐墩螨素和噻嗪酮敏感性,生测结果表明,黑尾叶蝉对吡虫啉、齐墩螨素和噻嗪酮的敏感性随着虫龄的增大而降低,其ＬＣ５０值从小到大的顺序为１－２龄〉３－３龄〉５龄。     

防治美洲斑潜蝇有效药剂的研究及试验方法评价

测定了６种药剂对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的毒力、５种药剂对卵、幼虫和蛹的毒杀作用,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,齐墩螨素和高效氯氰菊酯对美液斑潜蝇成虫最敏感,ＬＣ５０分别为０．３２８３及１．５０８６ｍｇ／Ｌ,其毒力分别是乙酰甲胺磷的５８９．２及１２８．２倍。齐墩螨素的混剂菜蝇净和单剂灭虫灵杀卵及杀幼虫的效果优异。５种药剂对蛹均不敏感。２０％菜蝇净乳油和１％灭虫灵乳油分别加水稀释至１０００及３０００倍喷雾,     

棉铃宝等4种农药防治棉铃虫的效果

田间试验和室内试验表明，５０％棉铃害宝乳油对棉铃虫幼虫和卵，２６％灭铃皇乳汪对棉铃虫幼虫均具理想的防治作用。喷施棉铃害７５毫升／６６７米＾２后７天，虫卵综合防效达９４．４％，喷施棉铃宝１００倍液和灭铃皇１００倍液后５天，对２－１龄幼虫的防治效果分别在９６．７％和９３．３％。     

27%皂素烟碱可溶性浓剂防治菜青虫试验

本文报道了２７％皂素烟碱可溶性浓剂，在室内对菜青虫的拒食、毒力测定和田间小区药效试验结果。结果表明，本药剂对５龄菜青虫有较强的拒食作用；对３菜青虫的ＬＣ５０为４２．１９ｐｐｍ；在田间，以２０００们液喷才，施药后第２、７、１４天调查，对菜青虫的防治效果分别为９２．２％、９７８＾％、９４．８％；２５００倍液则为９４．９％、９６．０％９１．４％。施药后很快地得到保护叶片的效果，且在田间有较长的持效期。     

5种新型杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力测定

室内分别采用浸叶法和浸渍法测定了甲氧虫酰肼、多杀菌素、溴虫腈、虫酰肼、安保5种新型杀虫剂对泰安郊区甜菜夜蛾(SpodopteraexiguaHübner)2龄幼虫和4龄幼虫的毒力,并与传统药剂毒死蜱进行了对比。结果表明,多杀菌素对2龄幼虫的毒力最高,LC50为0.4794mg/L,是毒死蜱的165.3倍;对4龄幼虫的毒力以溴虫腈最高,LC50为26.307mg/L,是毒死蜱的95.5倍。各药剂对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫和4龄幼虫的毒力间差异较大,最大为多杀菌素,达153.8倍。     

B.t.与敌百虫、氰戊菊酯对棉铃虫的联合作用

选用棉铃虫幼虫,用饲料混毒法了Ｂ．ｔ．均敌百虫和氰戊菊酯混用的增效作用,结果表明：（１）对２龄幼虫,敌百虫与Ｂ．ｔ．以１：３相混时显著增效;极少量Ｂ．ｔ．也明显增加敌百虫的毒力,同样,敌百虫与Ｂ．ｔ．２．５：１与５：１混合时对５龄幼虫也明显增效;（２）当氰戊菊酯与Ｂ．ｔ．中加入少量氰戊菊酯或氰戊菊酯中加入少量Ｂ．ｔ．以１”６．８相混时拮抗;而Ｂ．ｔ．相混,明显缩短了后对棉铃早思虫的作用时间。     

丙溴磷等对棉铃虫不同龄期的作用特点研究

分别采和点滴法和浸渍法测定了丙溴磷等８种药剂对棉铃虫、棉蚜和粘虫的毒力。结果表明丙溴磷、甲基对硫磷、灭多威、氰戊菊酯、辛硫磷、硫丹、久效磷、甲胺磷５００ｐｐｍ对棉铃虫卵孵化抑制率分别为４９．６、８７．７、６６．９、９７．２、３７．５、－１５．８、１８．４、２０．６％；初孵幼虫死亡率为９１．９、７１．４、７０、１００、５５１．４、９２．９、６１．７、９７．１％；对２、３、４龄幼虫致死中浓度或致死中量     

异丙威、噻嗪酮及其复配对稻褐飞虱若虫的毒力测定

在室内恒温条件下,采用乙醚半麻醉点滴法测定了异丙威,噻嗪酮及其复配对稻褐飞虱４龄若虫的毒力。用Ｈｏｒｓｆａｌｌ的毒力试验设计和Ｓｕｎ的共毒系数法评价了２种药剂的联合作用。结果表明,异丙威与噻嗪酮混用,其ＬＣ５０剂量异丙威与噻嗪酮比例,除６：４和１：１两个配比外,其余配比均有显著的增效作用。其中以ＬＣ５０剂量１：９配比增效作用最大,毒性比率达２．０８,共毒系数达２４６．８６。     

不同药剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治试验

在五(3)代稻纵卷叶螟2、3龄幼虫高峰期进行防治试验,结果表明,每667m2选用新农宝80 ml、功夫30~50 ml、纵卷清80g等对稻纵卷叶螟有优良的杀虫及保叶效果,可大面积推广应用。而杀虫单及螟盾(三唑磷) 的杀虫及保叶效果很差,因此,在田间稻纵卷叶螟幼虫3龄或3龄以上时不宜使用。     

Burning-out of a carbonaceous residue from a porous body

A study of the burning-out of a carbonaceous residue from a porous cylindrical body is presented. The amount of residue in the pores is very small. Only one end surface of the body is in direct contact with the surrounding gas atmosphere during the burning-out process. Experiments are performed in a stream of air at 480, 510, 540 and 660°C. The course of the process is determined by analysing the off-gases from the reactor in which the body is placed.Two successive periods are defined in the process. The end of the first period is reached when the outside of the body which is in contact with the gas is just free of carbon. The second period is completed when all residue is burnt out. Equations based on some simplifying assumptions are derived for the length of the first period and of the total process. The experimental results are explained with the model proposed.     

牵牛子提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性

以小菜蛾为试虫，对牵牛子提取物进行了生物活性的研究。结果表明，牵牛子的甲醇提取物生物活性最高，测得对小菜蛾3龄幼虫48h的拒食中浓度（AFC50）为34．60g／L；甲醇提取物对小菜蛾具有较高的触杀作用，浸渍法的校正死亡率达100．00％，且对小菜蛾具有很强的生长发育抑制作用，24h和48h后生长发育抑制率分别为101．55％和31．16％，化蛹率仅为8．00％；其他提取物也表现出一定的生物活性。     

鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾拒食作用的初步研究

探讨了鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄和5龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有较好的拒食活性。当浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对斜纹夜蛾3龄、5龄幼虫的拒食活性稍强于0.1mg/mL印楝素的拒食活性;24h的拒食活性测定中,3龄和5龄幼虫的非选择性AFC50分别为0.0374mg/mL和0.0370mg/mL;选择性AFC50分别为0.0320mg/mL和0.0230mg/mL,具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

超声波提取黄芩药渣中的黄芩苷

为了探索黄芩植物药废渣的再利用价值,首次采用超声波萃取技术对黄芩植物药废渣中的药用有效成分-黄芩苷进行再次提取,考察溶剂浓度、超声提取时间以及溶剂量等因素对黄芩苷提取率的影响。设计正交实验对超声波提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明超声波最佳提取工艺条件为：15倍量70％浓度的乙醇,在20℃条件下超声提取50min,黄芩苷提取率达6．0％以上。通过试验得出的结论为：黄芩植物药废渣中尚含有一定量的药用有效成分-黄芩苷,具有再资源化利用的价值。     

Removal of methylene blue and safranin orange pollutants from liquid effluents by soy residue

Methylene blue and safranin orange dyes, which are used in the textile and pharmaceutical industries, can severely damage the environment and human health. This study investigated the use of okara residue as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue and safranin orange dyes. Substantial amounts of okara residue are generated daily during the processing of soy milk in the agro-industrial sector. Dye adsorption was not affected by pH. An adsorption study identified the optimal experimental conditions as: 298 K, 0.03 g of adsorbent in 30 mL of dye solution at a concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹, and a contact time of 300 min for methylene blue dye, and 298 K, 0.02 g of adsorbent in 30 mL of dye solution at a concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹, and a contact time of 200 min for safranin orange dye; the maximum adsorption capacities were 93.201 ± 0.01 and 184 592 ± 0.02 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Okara has considerable advantages over other natural materials as an alternative for the treatment of industrial effluents. Because it is easily obtained and does not require any physicochemical treatment, adsorption does not require any specific operation temperature. In addition, okara exhibited a high adsorption capacity compared to other natural materials that require chemical and physical processing for adsorbent preparation.     

软质聚氯乙烯材料蒸发残渣影响因素的探讨

研究了PVC树脂、增塑剂及填料对PVC垫片接触材料的蒸发残渣性能的影响。结果表明,聚合度越大的PVC树脂,制备的PVC垫片接触材料的蒸发残渣越小,且在正己烷浸泡介质条件下,不易采用种子乳液法的树脂。对于接触酸性食品应选择DX-360增塑剂及T4类填料,接触油性食品应选择ATBC增塑剂及T2类填料。     

Adhesive properties of liquid crystalline hydroxypropyl cellulose–propylene glycol blends

Adhesion (tack) of the liquid crystalline hydroxypropyl cellulose–propylene glycol (HPC/PG) systems has been studied under various loading modes as well as their rheology and phase state. The system with the optimum tack according to the Dahlquist criterion (HPC/PG?=?85/15 wt.%) was chosen based on its rheological properties (viscosity, storage and loss moduli at 20 and 50?°C). Tack measurements were carried out for this system. Rheological measurements revealed the presence of the critical stress detected by the abrupt drop of viscosity. The adhesive behavior of the system deviates significantly from one of the conventional pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs): almost no tack is observed when using contact force and contact time typical for a PSA. To achieve good adhesion with this system one needs substantially higher pressure and contact time. At 20?°C, adhesive failure is observed in most cases and high contact forces (over 500–600?g) are required to overcome critical stress and obtain noticeable tack characteristics. At 50?°C, fibrillation and cohesive failure are usually observed with some residue of the system on the probe after debonding. Usage of high contact forces (600–1000?g) and contact times (up to 1000?s) allows us to reach significant values of the maximum debonding stress (up to 1.25?MPa) and energy (up to 420?J/m²). These values are on the same level or even higher than the corresponding values for standard PSAs.     

食品接触材料、高分子材料、橡胶制品中提出物的测定条件的探讨

根据接触的食品类型,选择合适的溶剂,在回流温度下初回流提取7h后,再次回流提取2h,提取液经蒸发、干燥和恒重,得到的残渣的质量,除以试样的表面积,即为提取物的含量。