Mg-3Al-1Zn-(0~0.5)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

为系统研究微量Sr对铸态AZ31镁合金组织中第二相的影响,且为含Sr的Mg-Al-Zn系合金设计提供理论基础,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对Sr含量为0~0.5(质量分数,%,下同)AZ31镁合金铸态组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：铸态AZ31合金中除了Mg17Al12相以外,还存在少量的小块状Mg21(Zn,Al)17相。添加Sr含量为0.1的AZ31合金中存在Mg17Al12、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Al4Sr相,添加Sr含量为0.3的合金组织中能观察到Al4Sr、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Mg17Al12相,而在添加Sr含量为0.5的合金中仅能观察到Al4Sr和Mg21(Zn,Al)17相,Mg17Al12相的形成受到抑制。此外,层片状共晶Al4Sr相的数量在质量分数为0.3~0.5的区间随着Sr含量的增加显著增多。     

Mg-Al-RE系镁合金组织与性能

通过铸造和挤压变形工艺,研究了AE(Mg-Al-RE)系合金的显微组织及稀土和铝含量的变化对AE系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:AE系合金的铸态显微组织由α-Mg基体相和沿晶界分布的Al.4RE,Mg17Al12相组成.随着稀土含量的增加,Mg17Al12相逐渐消失,Al4RE相的体积分数增加,并逐渐沿晶界处形成连续网状结构.挤压实验结果显示:AE系合金具有良好的形交加工性能,挤压后合金的强度和塑性均比铸态合金大幅度提高.稀土元素的加入对合金形变过程中的动态再结晶有一定的抑制作用.在AE系稀土镁合金中增加Al含量,可以使合金的综合力学性能上升到一个较高的水平.     

Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)镁合金显微组织及力学性能

利用WD-10A电子拉伸试验机和RD2-3型蠕变试验机对Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)系列镁合金的力学拉伸强度及高温蠕变性能进行测试,研究其显微组织对高温性能的影响,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等方法进行分析表征.研究结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn(ZA62)具有较好的综合力学性能,其铸态显微组织主要由α-Mg基体和致密片状Mg51Zn20共晶相组成.少量Ca加入ZA62合金后,抑制了Mg51Zn20相的析出,并代之形成了含Ca的MgZn相和τ相.随Ca加入量增加,晶间相的数量增加,合金组织中出现另一热稳定四元Mg-Zn-Al-Ca化合物相.当w(Ca)>0.5%时,合金晶粒显著细化.随Ca含量增加,合金常温拉伸强度和塑性呈下降趋势,基体显微硬度减小.加入Ca提高了合金高温拉伸强度,改善了合金蠕变性能.在175℃/70 MPa条件下,合金蠕变性能受合金晶粒尺寸影响,随晶粒尺寸的减小,蠕变变形量增加.     

变质处理对ZA84合金显微组织的影响

研究了Al5TiB、RE对Mg 8Zn 4Al 0.3Mn铸造镁合金显微组织的影响.结果表明:Mg 8Zn 4Al 0.3Mn铸造镁合金的显微组织主要由Mg相、(Al2Mg5Zn2)相和τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相组成.加入Al5TiB、RE变质剂,合金晶界上三元相的形态由半连续网状改变为颗粒状,三元相的分布逐渐变得弥散而均匀,且可以显著细化合金的铸态组织,晶粒大小由120～130μm减少到30～50μm.     

先进高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金凝固和均匀化组织及相构成

采用热力学计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了两种高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织和相构成.铸态A合金主要由Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相和少量Al2Cu相组成,而铸态B合金仅含Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相.热力学计算显示,A和B两种合金的实际凝固过程介于Lever Rule和Scheil Model两种模拟结果之间,由于合金成分不同而导致的铸态A和B合金中各相含量差异与Scheil Model模拟所得到的各相摩尔分数变化规律基本一致.经常规工业均匀化处理(460℃保温24 h),铸态A和B合金中存在的Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2或Al2Cu相均能充分回溶,并得到单相α(Al)基体,这与热力学计算所得到的AlZn-Mg-Cu四元系统在7.5%Zn条件下460℃等温相图相符合.     

Mg-6Gd-(2-4)Y-1Zn变形镁合金的组织与性能

制备了3种不同成分的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn四元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果显示,Mg-6Gd-2Y-1Zn和Mg-6Gd-3Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg,(Mg,Zn)3Gd和18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.而Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(YGdZn)5和Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.合金退火后,3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg,Mg12Y1Zn1和14H-LPSO相组成.热挤压过程中Mg12Y1Zn1相被拉长,呈长条状沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间.挤压态合金经固溶和225℃时效(T6)处理后,显微组织中呈现14H-LPSO结构和β’沉淀相共存.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理(T5)过程中也发生了β’沉淀相,但14H-LPSO相体积分数少于T6态.3种合金中Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好.     

长周期堆垛有序结构强化Mg-Zn-Y合金的组织与性能

为研究长周期堆垛有序( LPSO)结构对Mg-Zn-Y变形镁合金组织与性能的影响,通过铸造和热挤压工艺制备了Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及电子万能试验机等研究了2种合金在铸态、退火态以及挤压态下的显微组织和力学性能.研究结果表明,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的铸态组织均由α-Mg和18R型LPSO相构成,LP-SO相连接成网状分布在晶界.经500℃退火36 h后,Mg97 Zn1 Y2合金中部分块状LPSO相分解为细层片状,结构由18R转变为14H,但在Mg94Zn2Y4合金中未观察到LPSO相结构类型的转变.通过挤压变形,LPSO相沿挤压方向排列,合金强度得到大幅度提高,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的抗拉强度分别达到319和390 MPa.     

挤压及T5处理对Mg-Zn-Zr-Cu-Ca镁合金组织性能的影响

对新型Mg-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.5Cu-0.5Ca铸造镁合金进行挤压形变,研究了挤压及T5时效处理对合金组织性能的影响.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计、电化学工作站表征分析了合金的组织形貌、物相组成、显微硬度及腐蚀速率.结果表明:热挤压使铸态镁合金发生了动态再结晶,晶粒破碎,析出相明显细化并呈弥散分布,主要物相为α-Mg、Mg Zn2、Mg Zn Cu、以及Mg2Ca相.T5时效处理使挤压态镁合金发生静态再结晶,随着时效时间的延长,析出相先细化后长大,当时效时间为12 h时组织最为致密均匀.铸态和原始挤压态试样的显微硬度值分别为72.94 HV0.1和76.4 HV0.1,随着T5时效处理的进行,合金显微硬度值呈先增后减的趋势,当时效时间为12 h时达到峰值(80.53 HV0.1).电化学测试结果表明,T5时效处理可有效降低镁合金的腐蚀速率,从而提高其耐蚀性.     

Mg-Zn-Al系合金组织和力学性能

通过调整Mg—Zn—Al系合金中Al和Zn的含量及比例,研究了其组织和力学性能变化规律．Mg—Zn—Al系合金组织由α-Mg基体和β相(Mg17Al12)、MgZn相、T相(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)组成．AZ51合金具有最高的常温抗拉强度,但屈服强度较低：AZ95和AZ55合金同时具有较好的常温抗拉强度和屈服强度．合金元素较少的合金高温强度低,合金元素多的合金强度高,AZ95合金具有良好的高温抗拉强度和屈服强度．常温和高温下,Mg—Al—Zn合金的塑性均随合金元素的增加而降低．     

Mg-8Zn-4Al-(0～1)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

通过扫描电镜观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及差热分析(DSC)等实验手段,系统地研究了添加微量Sr元素(质量分数0～1%)对铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al(ZA84)镁合金组织中的第二相种类的影响,并阐明了第二相形成与演变的内在机理。实验结果表明:未添加Sr元素的铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al合金组织由Q准晶相和少量Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相组成。添加Sr元素后,合金铸态组织中均存在Al_4Sr和Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相;其中Al_4Sr相随Sr含量增加而增加,Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相随Sr含量增加而减少。在Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相中Sr元素以未固溶和固溶两种形式存在,其中未固溶Sr元素的Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相具有相对较高的Zn原子浓度和较低的Al原子浓度。相关结果将为第二相析出强化型Mg-8Zn-4Al合金的高强化与耐热化设计提供必要的理论支撑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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