DaWson型磷钨钒杂多酸催化合成苹果酯的研究

制备了Dawson型磷钨钒杂多酸催化剂，用Fr—IR分析方法对催化剂进行了结构表征，并以乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇为原料催化合成了苹果酯。实验结果表明，磷钨钒杂多酸是合成苹果酯的理想催化剂，其较优反应条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯0．1 mol，n（乙酰乙酸乙酯）：n（乙二醇）=1．0：1．5，催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的1．5％，12mL甲苯，回流反应3．0h，苹果酯的收率可达83．0％以上。     

SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3催化合成苹果酯的研究

以固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3为催化剂，对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明，SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3是合成苹果酯的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了原料物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响，最佳反应条件为：n乙酰乙酸乙酯：n乙二醇=1：1．6，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1．25％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．5h．上述条件下，苹果酯的收率可达87．3％。     

苯磺酸酮催化合成苹果酯

以苯磺酸酮为催化剂,对乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明苯磺酸酮是合成苹果酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(乙二醇)为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h,苹果酯收率达82.7%。     

改性粉煤灰催化合成苹果酯的研究

以过硫酸铵改性工业废渣粉煤灰为催化剂,对乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇合成苹果酯的催化工艺进行了系统研究。讨论了反应时间、酯醇比、催化剂用量和带水剂用量对酯化率的影响。最佳反应条件为：n（乙酰乙酸乙酯）：n（乙二醇）：1：1．8,催化剂用量为乙酰乙酸乙酯质量的1．5％,带水剂用量为15mL,反应时间3h。在优化条件下反应,苹果酯产率达到95．9％,选择性98．0％以上。实验表明,改性粉煤灰是合成苹果酯的优良催化剂,与其他酸催化剂相比,它还具有活性高、用量少且可重复使用等优点。     

磷钨酸催化合成苹果酯

探讨磷钨酸对苹果酯合成反应的催化活性,研究了带水剂用量、催化剂用量、乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的物质的量之比、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：磷钨酸是合成苹果酯的优良催化剂,在n(乙酰乙酸乙酯):n(乙二醇)为1：1．5,催化剂用量为反应物总量的0．5%,环己烷作带水剂,反应时间为1．0h的优化条件下,苹果酯的收率可达82．2％。     

合成香料苹果酯的研制

采用乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为主要原料合成了新型香料苹果酯，讨论了催化剂，原料配比，反应时间，带水剂种类等因素对合成反应的影响。通过正反试验得到的优化合成条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的摩尔配比为1：1．2，催化剂用量为0．05％，反应时间为6．5h，带水剂为环乙烷。产物收率≥85．60％。苹果酯经理化检测和经红外光谱确证。     

铌酸催化合成苹果酯的研究

以铌酸为催化剂，由乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇合成了苹果酯，考察了影响收率的因素，其最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的物质的量比为1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物质量的1．4％、带水剂用量为反应物只的42．2％，反应在回流温度下进行，反应时间2．5h，收率达84．8％。     

阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩醛

在强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂存在下，以乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙二醇为原料合成缩醛，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成苹果酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度为97℃，反应时间4h，n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)：n(乙二醇)：0．15：0．21；带水剂环己烷为15mL(乙酰乙酸乙酯为0．15mol的情况下)；强酸性阳离子交换树脂用量为总物料质量的5．8％。苹果酯的收率可达到95．02％，产品纯度w(苹果酯)达到99．5％以上。     

SO_4~（2-）/ZrO_2-TiO_2固体酸催化剂催化合成苹果酯

采用共沉淀法制备了SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2固体酸催化剂,通过乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇反应合成了苹果酯,考察了反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂、反应时间等工艺条件对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇摩尔比1：1.5,催化剂用量占反应物总量2%,带水剂环己烷用量为总反应物体积37.5%的条件下,反应2小时苹果酯的收率可达76.8%。     

固体酸催化合成苹果酯的研究

氨基磺酸为催化剂,通过乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇反应合成苹果酯,反应条件为：０．２ｍｏｌ乙酰乙酸乙酯,０．２４ｍｏｌ乙二醇,氨基磺酸０．４ｇ,４０ｍＬ环己烷为共沸剂,产率８２．５％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.