外科植入物用纯钛及其合金

主要介绍了外科植入物用新型钛合金的研究进展。到目前为止,研究出的外科植入物用钛合金从研究的时间顺序上可分为：（1）纯钛,Ti-6Al-4V合金;（2）Ti-6Al-7Nb合金（瑞士）,Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金（德国）;Ti-2.5Al-2.5Mo-2.5Zr(TAMZ)合金（中国）;（3）新型β钛合金。概述了这些合金的研究现状、性能特点及其应用前景,并提出 了今后的发展方向。     

钛合金发动机阀门

钛合金发动机阀门上有一层由硬质陶瓷或金属化合物弥散于钛中而涂于阀门表面上的硬质涂层。本工艺的特殊之处在于其硬质陶瓷是碳化物、氧化物或氮化物,例如碳化钛、碳化硅、碳化铬或碳化钨。用于阀门的钛合金有Ti-6Al-4V、Ti-6Al-6V-2 Sn、Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo、Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr--6Mo、Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al、Ti-5Al-2.5Sn、Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V、Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al、Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-     

表面机械处理对Ti-54M合金高周疲劳性能的影响

Ti-54M合金是美国由TIMET（Ti-5A14V-0．6Mo-0．4Fe）合金发展而来的一种α＋β两相钛合金,其切削加工性（切割速度和切割工具寿命）可与Ti-6A14V合金相媲美。该合金用电子束冷床炉单次熔炼制得,可以混合少量的Ti-6A1-4V合金或其他含有元素Mo、V和Fe的合金。除了原材料的弹性性能之外,Ti-54M合金的切削加工性能优于Ti-6Al-4V合金。     

用氧化钙系铸型铸造的牙科用TNTZ钛合金的力学性能

β钛合金Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4．6Zr（TNTZ）具有良好的强度一延性匹配，期待用于下一代牙科镶嵌材料，但其熔点高达2300K，明显高于低间隙Ti-15Al-4V ELI合金（1900K）。用原有氢化镁铸型铸造TNTZ合金时，合金表面易被烧伤，为此必须开发在高温领域稳定的铸型材料。已研究了用氧化钙系材料的铸型，可以制备牙科用TNTZ精密铸件，但采用这种铸型的TNTZ铸件的力学性能尚不清楚。     

Ti-5Al—5V-5Mo-3Cr合金电子束焊接性能的评价

Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr合金（Ti-5553）是一种新型启钛合金，具有良好的强韧性，已用来生产波音787的起落架及研制一些飞行器的襟冀导轨和挂架。     

Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金热压缩变形流变应力行为与微观组织演变的研究

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金进行了等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究了在变形温度为950~1 100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s-1,最大变形程度为50%的条件下合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为与微观组织演变。结果表明:Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金的流变应力对变形温度和应变速率均较为敏感,其流变应力曲线具有应力峰值、流变软化和稳态流变的特征。在变形温度为950℃,应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的条件下,Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金的热变形特性为片层组织球化,其热变形机制可用晶界分离球化模型进行解释说明;在变形温度为1 000~1 100℃,应变速率为1 s-1的条件下,材料只发生了动态回复现象;在变形温度为1 050~1 100℃,应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的条件下,材料发生了动态再结晶现象。     

MA-SPS制备超细晶Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金的摩擦磨损性能

以机械合金化+放电等离子烧结（MA-SPS）制备的超细晶Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金为研究对象,研究了合金在模拟体液（SBF）中的摩擦磨损性能,并与放电等离子烧结制备的微米尺寸晶粒的Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金、铸造纯Ti及Ti-6Al-4V （TC4）合金进行了对比.结果表明:采用MA-SPS工艺可制备出高致密度、组织均匀的超细晶Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金,合金由β相及少量α相组成,平均晶粒尺寸为1.5 μm,显微硬度为448 HV;在相同摩擦磨损条件下,超细晶Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金的摩损程度明显低于微米晶粒Ti-8Mo-3Fe和铸态的纯Ti及TC4合金,具有最低的磨损体积和较稳定的摩擦系数.超细晶Ti-8Mo-3Fe合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损,而微米晶粒Ti-8Mo-3Fe和铸态纯Ti及TC4合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损并存的混合磨损.      

铌、钨和硼在TiAl基合金中的分布及其对组织的影响

铌、硼和钨在TiAl基合金中的存：在形式、分布状态与该合金的制备片法、加工工艺及热处理制度有密切的联系，它们对TiAl基合金的性能又有重要影响。为进一步对有关问题进行研究，该文对铌、钨、硼在TiAl基合金中的作用进行了综合分析，对铸造法制得的Ti-Al-Nb-W-B合金进行了热等静压和均匀化处理，并对微观金相组织进行了观察比较。结果表明：Ti-45Al-7Nh合金中添加少量的钨和硼，能使晶团尺寸明冠细化，达40μm。随钨含量的增加，晶团尺寸越来越小，片层间距则越来越大，如Ti-45Al-7Nb-0．15B的晶团尺寸约为100μm，片层间距约为1．2μm；Ti-45Al-7Nb-0．2W-0．15B的晶团尺寸约为70μm，片层间距约为1．6μm；Ti-45Al-7Nb-0．4W-0．15B的晶团尺寸约为50μm，片层间距约为1．7μm；Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.7W-0．15B的晶团尺寸约为40μm，片层间距约为1．8μm。钨含量达到0．4％以后，晶团细化及片层间距增加的效果使渐趋稳定。     

日本钛材在飞机上的应用

日本航空工业在战后7年间是一片空白,60年代,开始在宜升机上的JR200发动机压气机盘上使用了神户制钢所开发的Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe.这时钛材的使用量很少.进入70年代,已经允许生产的J79、T53发动机和新批准生产的ADOUR发动机以及国家研究课题FJR710发动机、短距离起降飞机、T-2高级教练机均使用了Ti-6Al-4V合金等,飞机用钛材(Ti-6Al-4V合金等)开始了真正的生产.80年代,日本开始与欧美国家共同开发生产V2500发动机、波音777、FSX(第二期支援战斗机)等,到了今天,日本的钛材已开始在喷气式发动机上大量使用.     

显微组织及模拟生物体环境对生物体用Ti-5Al-2．5Fe合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的影响

以整形外科为中心的金属系生物体用材料有不锈钢(Sus316L)以及Co-Cr-Mo合金，最近耐蚀性和生物体相容性好的钛及钛合金使用量增加。由于Ti-6Al-4V中含有对人体有毒的V元素，为此开发了用铁或铌置换B稳定化元素V的Ti-5Al-2．5Fe和Ti-15Al-7Nb合金，合金分别在ISO和ASTM及ISO标准中登录，期待扩大在生物体上使用。但是对两合金的各种特性研究不够，作为生物体用的重要特性之一的疲劳性能也不例外。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.