基于可见近红外光谱玉米种子活力的无损 检测方法

目的基于近红外漫反射技术,初步探讨玉米种子活力的快速、无损检测方法。方法本研究利用实验室自行搭建的近红外光谱检测系统获取60粒表面平整无明显损伤的M017玉米种子450~900 nm光谱曲线,其中校正集和验证集比例为3:1。利用红墨水染色法判定玉米种子样品是否具有活力。通过进行SG-5点平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)预处理方法减小曲线噪声,基于主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法提取主要判别成分,并依据测定的种子活力情况和其光谱曲线应用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)建立判别模型进行分析。结果当累计贡献率达到96%时,选取6个主成分,建立的模型判别正确率最高,近红外漫反射光谱数据能够较好的判别种子活力的有无,其中校正集和预测集判别正确率分别为95.56%和86.67%。结论证明该方法可行,基本能够满足快速无损检测判别玉米种子活力的要求,为今后快速无损检测玉米种子活力奠定了基础。     

不同月龄乌珠穆沁羊肌纤维类型与肉品质的变化分析

利用可见/近红外高光谱(400 nm～1 000 nm)成像技术实现对荷斯坦奶牛、秦川牛、西门塔尔牛、安格斯牛、力木赞牛5个品种牛肉进行快速无损判别。首先对原始光谱进行预处理,并利用光谱-理化值共生距离法(sample set partitioning based on joint X-Y distance,SPXY)法划分样本集;结合偏最小二乘判别模型(partial least squaresdiscrimination analysis,PLS-DA),K最近邻(K-nearest neighbor,KNN)模型和径向基函数-支持向量机(radial basis function-support vector machine,RBF-SVM)模型进行全波段及特征波段判别分析。结果表明,一阶导数(first derivative,FD)法为最优预处理方法;基于RBF-SVM法所建模型的校正集与预测集准确率分别为100%、99%。可见,基于高光谱成像技术能够获得较好的牛肉品种判别效果。     

基于可见/近红外光谱技术的红提成熟度判别模

成熟度是水果评价的重要标准,直接影响水果的品质和经济价值。针对红提采摘成熟度评判困难,果肉营养价值参差不齐、产品竞争力低等问题,建立基于可见/近红外光谱技术的红提成熟度判别模型。该研究选取红提生长过程的4个阶段（分别为：未成熟、半成熟、成熟、过熟）的样本并进行光谱信息采集。选择550 nm~1 000 nm的光谱波段建模,分别将经过预处理的光谱用竞争性自适应加权算法（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS）、无信息变量消除算法（Uniformative Variable Elimination,UVE）和连续投影算法（Successive Projection Algorithm,SPA）进行特征波长提取,建立支持向量机（Support Vector Machines,SVM）、极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）和偏最小二乘判别分析（Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,PLS-DA）的判别模型,最终建立可见/近红外光谱技术的红提成熟度的最佳判别分类模型。研究结果表明,在Savitzky-Golay（SG）卷积平滑处理算法光谱预处理后运用SPA算法进行特征波段提取建立的ELM模型成熟度判别分类效果最佳,SVM模型次之,PLS-DA模型最差。因此,红提成熟度的最佳判别分类模型为SG-SPA-ELM,该模型的训练集和测试集的准确率分别为97.50%和96.67%。利用可见/近红外光谱技术对红提成熟度进行判别是可行的,该研究为红提成熟度的判别找到了一种新的无损检测方法。     

基于近红外光谱技术的黄桃脆片可溶性固形物和硬度定量检测方法

以多批次黄桃脆片为分析对象,分别采集了可见/短波近红外光谱(400~1000 nm)和长波近红外光谱(1000~2500 nm)原始信息,分别采用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、移动平均平滑(MS),一阶导数(1-Der)预处理后,建立了全波段线性偏最小二乘法(PLS)和非线性支持向量机(SVM)预测模型,并结合外部试验进行可行性验证。结果表明,基于MSC-SVM的可见/短波红外光谱模型对可溶性固形物预测效果最佳,验证集的决定系数(R p)、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)、相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为0.761,1.998%和1.532;而基于MSC-SVM的长波近红外光谱模型对硬度预测效果相对最佳,对应R p、RMSEP和RPD分别为0.862,0.292 kg和1.991。基于近红外光谱系统可以实现对大批量黄桃脆片品质参数的快速无损检测。     

基于可见/近红外高光谱成像技术的牛肉品种鉴别

利用可见/近红外高光谱成像技术实现荷斯坦奶牛、秦川牛、西门塔尔牛三个品种牛肉的快速无损鉴别。首先,对原始光谱进行预处理并对样本集进行划分;应用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、连续投影算法(SPA)和无信息变量消除算法(UVE)对预处理后的光谱数据提取特征波长;结合偏最小二乘判别模型(PLS-DA)、K最近邻(KNN)模型及支持向量机(SVM)模型进行全波段及特征波段鉴别分析。结果表明,一阶导数(FD)法为最优预处理方法,利用光谱-理化值共生距离法(SPXY)法划分后的样本模型预测性能最好;利用CARS、SPA和UVE分别选出24、17和19个特征波长;基于CARS法提取的特征波长所建的RBF-SVM模型的校正集与预测集正确率分别为100%、98.82%。由此可见,基于高光谱成像技术能够获得较好的牛肉品种鉴别效果。该研究可为牛肉品种的快速无损鉴别提供参考。     

基于支持向量机的近红外光谱技术快速鉴别掺假羊肉

为实现掺假羊肉的无损鉴别,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析技术建立混入鸭肉的掺假羊肉糜的快速检测方法。实验通过在羊肉糜中添加不同比例的鸭肉糜来制备掺假羊肉,采用近红外漫反射方式在全波段范围(10000~4000 cm-1)内采集羊肉、掺假羊肉和鸭肉的近红外光谱图,分别考察多元散射校正(Multiplicative scatter correction,MSC)、标准正态变量变换(Standard normal variate correction,SNV)、面积归一化(Area normalization)、标准化(Autoscale)、15点平滑处理(Smoothing)、一阶导数处理(1stderivative)的光谱预处理方法对所建支持向量机(nuSVM)判别模型的预测效果。结果显示,不同光谱预处理所建nu-SVM判别模型预测效果不同。其中,经标准化处理后所建的nu-SVM模型的预测能力最差为90.38%;15点平滑处理后所建nu-SVM模型的预测效果最好(96.15%),对建模集正确判别率为99.07%,对检验集正确判别率为96.15%;其余处理所建nu-SVM模型的判别能力介于二者之间。结果表明,采用近红外光谱技术结合15点平滑预处理后所建nu-SVM模型可以实现羊肉中的掺杂鸭肉的鉴别。     

可见/近红外结合MIA变量优选和支持向量机判别山茶油的制取方式

山茶油的主要制取方式有压榨法和浸出法,且压榨山茶油的品质优于浸出法。本研究利用可见/近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学对山茶油的制取方式进行判别研究。采集不同制取方式的山茶油样本在350~1800nm波段范围的可见/近红外光谱,利用边界影响分析(margin influence analysis,MIA)新方法进行波长变量优选,并应用支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)对优选的波长变量建立山茶油制取方式的判别分类模型。结果表明:可见/近红外光谱联合MIA-SVM方法判别山茶油的制取方式是可行的,其校正集和预测集样本的灵敏度、特异性及正确率分别为100%、87.50%、93.75和100%、87.50%、93.75%。说明MIA是一种有效的波长变量选择方法,能简化分类模型,提高分类模型的稳定性和预测精度。     

二维相关光谱的鲜核桃青皮含水率检测

青皮含水率是衡量鲜食核桃新鲜度的重要指标,研究基于可见/近红外光谱技术进行鲜核桃的二维相关光谱分析,以实现青皮含水率的检测。利用4种预处理方法进行光谱数据预处理,经MSC预处理后所建模型的预测结果最好,预测集的决定系数(Rp2)和均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9244和1.23%。在此基础上,进行不同时间下鲜核桃的二维相关光谱分析,优选出7个自相关峰对应的波长(732、560、680、1471、1958、2315、1068 nm)为特征波长。然后,利用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立鲜核桃青皮含水率的预测模型,结果表明所建LS-SVM模型得到了较优的预测结果(Rp2=0.9146,RMSEP=1.32%)。二维相关的可见/近红外光谱分析可实现鲜核桃青皮含水率预测,为鲜核桃品质无损检测方法的研究提供了基础。     

基于高光谱成像技术的金银花霉变检测模型

利用高光谱成像技术,研究一种快速、准确、无损检测金银花霉变程度的方法。通过比较Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑、多元散射校正(MSC)和SG-MSC 3种预处理方法对偏最小二乘算法(PLS)建模效果的影响,得到SG-MSC为建模最优预处理方法。使用连续投影算法(SPA)和竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)选择经预处理后光谱的特征波长,并分别建立偏最小二乘判别(PLS-DA)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的判别分析模型。结果表明,光谱经SG-MSC预处理后,应用CARS提取特征波长并建立LS-SVM判别分析模型为金银花不同霉变程度最优判别模型,其训练集与验证集的正确率均达到100%。利用高光谱成像技术能够快速无损、有效地鉴别金银花霉变程度,并且在特征波长下能实现金银花霉变程度的快速判别分析。     

郎枣轻微损伤可见/近红外光谱分波段动态判别研究

为了实现轻微损伤郎枣的快速无损检测,以完好和轻微损伤郎枣为研究对象,动态采集其可见/近红外光谱数据。依据光谱波段定义将采集的光谱数据分为可见光(Vis)、短波近红外(SW-NIR)、长波近红外(LW-NIR)、可见/短波近红外(Vis/SW-NIR)、近红外(NIR)和可见/近红外(Vis/NIR)等6个波段,分别选取各波段最佳预处理方法。采用连续投影法(SPA)和主成分分析法(PCA)分别对各波段光谱数据降维,以全波长、SPA提取的特征波长和PCA提取的主成分作为输入,分别建立偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型,通过比较预测集的判别准确率,确定最佳建模方法。结果表明,PLSR模型优于LS-SVM模型,SW-NIR波段较其余5个波段有更好的判别能力,所建SW-NIR-SNV-SPA-PLSR模型判别准确率为93.3%,为最佳模型。本实验为轻微损伤郎枣的快速无损检测和相关仪器的开发提供了理论基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.