经体表高频超声检查在肛瘘手术中的临床应用价值

目的:回顾分析经体表高频超声检查在肛瘘手术中的的临床应用价值。方法:应用6¹4 MHz高频探头,对50例肛瘘患者行经体表高频超声检查并与手术结果对比分析。结果:经体表高频超声检查诊断单纯性肛瘘的灵敏度100%,特异度70.8%,阳性预测值100%;诊断复杂性肛瘘的灵敏度75%,特异度100%,阳性预测值85.7%;诊断肛瘘内口的灵敏度100%,特异度50%,阳性预测值100%。结论:经体表高频超声检查能显示瘘管走行,可为肛瘘手术提供影像学依据。     

经体表高频超声检查在肛瘘手术中的临床应用价值

目的：回顾分析经体表高频超声检查在肛瘘手术中的的临床应用价值。方法：应用6^一14MHz高频探头．对50例肛瘘患者行经体表高频超声检查并与手术结果对比分析。结果：经体表高频超声检查诊断单纯性肛瘘的灵敏度100％,特异度70．8％,阳性预测值100％;诊断复杂性肛瘘的灵敏度75％,特异度100％,阳性预测值85．7％;诊断肛瘘内口的灵敏度100％,特异度50％,阳性预测值100％。结论：经体表高频超声检查能显示瘘管走行,可为肛瘘手术提供影像学依据。     

经直肠高频彩色多普勒超声诊断直肠肛管周围脓肿的研究

目的探讨经直肠高频彩色多普勒超声诊断直肠肛管周围脓肿的声像图特点及术前定位的临床应用价值。方法应用7-10 MHz的高频双平面探头,对88例直肠肛周脓肿患者进行经直肠彩色多普勒超声(简称腔内超声)检查,并应用常规腹部3.5 MHz探头在体表肛门周围超声(简称肛周超声),观察声像图特征,分析对比这两种超声方法对肛周脓肿的诊断、内口判断的准确性。结果本组病人腔内超声与肛周超声对脓肿是否形成及脓肿内口的判定均有显著性差异(P0.05),腔内超声对脓肿形成诊断率达98.8%,对脓肿内口的判断准确率达95%,均高于肛周超声;此两种超声方法观察到的肛周脓肿声像学特点无明显差异。结论经直肠高频彩色多普勒超声是对肛周脓肿更为有效的影像学诊断方法,对脓肿的观察、定位具有良好的直观性,有助于临床上更好地确定治疗方案。     

经会阴高频超声与腔内超声联合应用在肛周脓肿及瘘管形成中的诊断价值

目的:研究经会阴高频超声与腔内超声联合应用在肛周脓肿及瘘管形成中的诊断价值。方法:以2018年6月—2020年9月共38例于我院就诊的肛周脓肿及肛瘘患者为对象,所有纳入患者均接受经会阴高频超声与腔内超声检查,并以术后病理学检查结果为金标准,分析上述两种检查对肛周脓肿及瘘管形成的诊断效果。结果:38例肛周脓肿及肛瘘患者通过病理学检查及经会阴高频超声联合腔内超声诊断,于病灶位置方面的诊断灵敏度及准确率均为100.00%,于病变病理类型判断的准确率为95.00%,于瘘管形成诊断的准确率为96.00%。结论:肛周脓肿及瘘管形成诊断采取经会阴高频超声联合腔内超声,在病灶位置及病变程度方面具有较高诊断价值。     

经口腔超声诊断鼻咽癌

经口腔超声诊断鼻咽癌刘金模，李树森，王红，彭建华，徐光，刘英我院１９８９年５月～１９９３年３月应用非专科腔内超声探头，经口腔软腭扫查诊断鼻咽癌４５例，获得满意效果。资料与方法正常组３２例，男１９例，女１３例，年龄１４～５３岁。疾病组４５例，男３２例，...     

高频超声诊断乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的价值

目的:探讨高频超声诊断乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理学检查证实的28例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤患者高频超声声像图资料.结果:高频超声诊断乳腺导管内乳头状瘤19例,诊断符合率67.9%.结论:高频超声是诊断乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的一种简单、有效的检查方法.     

经直肠超声与高频超声联合在肛周炎性疾病中的应用

目的分析经直肠超声与高频超声联合在肛周炎性疾病中的应用价值。方法选取2016年4月至2017年5月我院收治的肛周炎性疾病患者150例为研究对象,均行经直肠超声与高频超声联合检查,分析其影像特点,并以手术病理结果为准,分析经直肠超声与高频超声联合对肛周炎性疾病的诊断价值。结果单纯肛周脓肿超声表现为低回声区、边缘模糊、液性暗区、丰富血流信号,复杂脓肿则见不规则回声管道或不均质回声,无明显血流信号,如肛周脓肿合并肛瘘者脓肿呈低回声,合并2支瘘道通向体表;经直肠超声与高频超声联合诊断肛周脓肿Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型的符合率分别为92.86%(26/28)、87.50%(28/32)、80.00%(24/30)、86.36%(19/22)、97.44%(38/39);经直肠超声与高频超声联合诊断肛瘘瘘管的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、kappa值分别为84.21%(32/38)、94.05%(79/84)、90.98%(111/122)、0.788,诊断肛周脓肿内口的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、kappa值分别为87.85%(94/107)、93.02%(40/43)、89.33%(134/150)、0.756。结论经直肠超声与高频超声联合应用于肛周炎性疾病可准确提供病变位置及范围,判断内口位置与临床病理分型,有临床推广价值。     

经直肠超声诊断肛瘘的临床价值分析

我院手术治疗并确诊肛瘘患者79例,所有患者均进行体表超声检查和经直肠超声检查,比较不同超声检查方法的诊断准确率。结果79例患者体表超声检查确诊48例,诊断准确率为60.76%;经直肠超声检查确诊66例,诊断准确率为83.54%。经直肠超声检查诊断肛瘘的准确率明显高于经体表超声检查（P＜0.05）。经直肠超声诊断肛瘘的准确率较高,但患者在检查过程中比较痛苦,因此经直肠超声与体表超声联合检查,有利于肛瘘的尽早诊断,值得临床推广。     

经腹超声联合高频超声在小儿肠套叠中的诊断效能及在温盐水灌肠复位成败中的预测价值

目的 探讨经腹超声联合高频超声在小儿肠套叠中的诊断效能及在温盐水灌肠复位成败中的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析超声科接诊的200例疑似肠套叠患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均接受经腹超声与高频超声检查。以钡剂灌肠X线检查结果为金标准,比较不同检查方法的阳性检出率、误诊率、漏诊率及诊断效能;比较不同检查方法在温盐水灌肠复位成败中的预测价值以及不同复位结果的超声表现。结果 经腹超声联合高频超声诊断小儿肠套叠的误诊率、漏诊率、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值优于经腹超声与高频超声单独诊断（P<0.05）。经腹超声联合高频超声预测温盐水灌肠复位成功率高于经腹超声与高频超声单独预测（P<0.05）。复位成功患儿的靶环征直径、同心圆直径、套鞘厚径及套筒征长度小于复位失败患儿,血流分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级及无腹腔积液占比高于复位失败患儿（P<0.05）。结论 经腹超声联合高频超声可有效提高小儿肠套叠的诊断效能,降低漏诊、误诊率。     

高频彩超联合经腹超声在产后女性腹直肌分离诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 研究高频彩超联合经腹超声对产后女性腹直肌分离（DRA）的诊断价值。方法 选取2021年3月至2022年3月我院收治的100例产后女性DRA患者作为观察组，另选同期100例健康体检未孕女性的临床资料作为对照组。对所有受试者给予高频彩超联合经腹超声检查，对比两组静息、屈曲状态下不同体表腹直肌间距（IRD），并对比静息、屈曲状态下高频彩超联合经腹超声测量IRD对产后女性DRA的诊断效能。结果 观察组静息状态下脐上3 cm、脐上6 cm、脐下3 cm、脐上缘及脐下缘IRD长于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组屈曲状态下脐上缘、脐下缘IRD长于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。通过绘制ROC曲线，结果发现静息、屈曲状态下高频彩超联合经腹超声测量IRD对产后女性DRA的诊断AUC>0.8。结论 采用高频彩超联合经腹超声诊断产后女性DRA可较直观地反映出不同体表IRD状态，有助于指导产后康复治疗。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。