层板复合型TiAl基合金微层板的制备及组织性能研究

详细介绍了箔片热加工和电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)在制备TiAl基合金微层板方面的特点及研究现状.重点讨论了EB-PVD制备TiAl基合金微层板的组织与性能,结果表明:TiA1基合金薄板的显微组织结构为非平直的柱状晶,亚结构为月牙形形貌;TiAl/Nb微层板中Nb层的显微组织形貌为粗大的等轴晶;TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板中NiCo-CrA1层则主要由平直柱状晶结构的γ-Ni相组成.TiA1基合金微层板具有比TiAl基合金薄板更好的常高温力学性能,尤其是在750℃左右的高温环境中,TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板的增韧效果最佳,伸长率高达72.2％;而TiAl/Nb微层板则表现出最好的高温综合性能,其高温抗拉强度高达443.1MPa,几乎与其室温时的抗拉强度持平.     

热处理对TiAl基合金相变和显微组织的影响

TiAl基合金净形成形是克服其难加工成形的有效方法，但该合金铸态组织较粗大，不利于提高其综合性能，如何细化该合金的微观组织成为当前研究热点之一。本文重点讨论了通过热处理改变TiAl基合金微观组织的技术途径，包括双相区热处理，双温热处理，循环热处理，快速加热循环热处理等，并分析了各种热处理条件下组织演变的微观机制，其中快速循环热处理对细化原始组织效果最为显著。     

TiAl基合金板材制备技术的发展现状

综述了TiAl基合金板材制备技术的发展现状。介绍了的制备TiAl基合金板材三种技术的工艺过程及制得的TiAl基合金板材的显微组织和力学性能。     

快速加热循环热处理对TiAl基合金显微组织的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了快速加热循环热处理工艺对TiAl基合金显微组织的影响。结果表明：利用该工艺可以使铸态TiAl基合金的基团尺寸从约800μm细化至500μm以下，使加工态TiAl基合金的晶团尺寸从约50μm细化至20μm以下，分析了晶界与相界发生的重结晶形核与长大，提出了在快速加热条件下TiAl基合金细小α2/γ全层片组织的形成与长大机制。     

TiAl基合金强韧化原理及新技术的研究

采用现代测试技术,较详尽地研究了TiAl基合金工程材料的强韧化原理、新工艺和新技术。 在合金化方面,探讨了Sb、Pb、Sn和Nd的添加对TiAl基合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。其中,Sb具有显著改善 TiAl基合金室温力学性能和高温抗氧化能力的作用。TiAl+Sb合金室温变形时,α_2/γ层片状晶粒的γ板条内形成大量变形孪晶。TiAl+Sb合金的抗氧化性甚至优于Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金。 在晶粒细化剂的研究中,发现BN可使TiAl基合金铸态晶粒显著细化,其效果优于XD~(TM)技术中的TiB_2。 在TiAl基合金的表面化学热处理的开创性的探讨中,发现渗碳处理可有效地强化TiAl基合金表层,从而明显地提高合金的室温力学性能。多层、复杂结构的渗碳层具有良好的组织热稳定性和抗氧化性,因而使TiAl基合金抗高温长时间氧化能力得到显著改善。 较全面地探讨了TiAl基合金常规热加工和热处理的金属学原理,讨论了常规热处理对热变形TiAl基合金试样的局限性。在此研究基础上,提出了双温热处理新工艺。研究了双温热处理对TiAl基合金热变形试样的显微组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。探讨了双温热处理的金属学原理。     

高温TiAl基合金定向凝固的研究现状

高温TiAl基合金在航空航天领域减重和升高使用温度方面是极具发展潜力的高性能结构材料。介绍了高温TiAl基合金定向凝固的研究现状和发展趋势,阐述了提高定向凝固高温TiAl基合金使用性能的几种方法,主要包括:利用高Nb合金化提高合金的使用温度和高温强度,使用冷坩埚定向凝固来避免氧化物陶瓷坩埚带来的合金污染,采用籽晶法/非籽晶法控制定向凝固片层取向以提高力学性能。     

铌和钨对γ-TiAl基合金热稳定性的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)，扫描电镜(SEM)，X射线衍射研究了TiAl—5Nb，TiAl—14．3Nb，TiAl—8Nb—1W，TiAl—12．3Nb-2W四种合金片层组织在1000℃的热稳定性。结果表明，TiAl—12．3Nb-2W合金热稳定性最好，但合金元素对TiAl基合金热稳定性的影响机理还有待进一步的研究。     

高Nb-TiAl基合金锻压饼材的拉伸性能

用自制的拉伸夹具测度子两种高Nb-TiAl基合金的室温和高温拉伸性能，并对实验结果进行了分析讨论，结果表明，双态组织片层组织有更高的强度，这符合一般TiAl合金的强度规律，且两种合金的室，高温强度均比普通TiAl合金的强度高。     

稀土掺杂TiAl基合金的研究进展

稀土元素掺杂改性TiAl基合金效果明显,其在组织和层片细化、高温力学性能改善、高温抗氧化性能提高方面作用显著,同时其与传统合金化元素还可产生一定的交互作用,进一步增强改善效果。在传统粉末冶金制备稀土掺杂TiAl基合金材料的研究基础上,从组织片层结构、高温力学和抗氧化性能等角度综述了稀土掺杂改性TiAl基合金材料现阶段的研究现状,并从一些关键技术问题角度分析了未来的研究方向。     

直接热处理细化铸态TiAl基合金的研究进展

直接热处理方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉、显微组织易于控制和适用性广等优点，是细化TiAl基合金铸件组织的重要方法之一，概括和总结了直接热处理方法在工艺和机理方面的研究进展，提出了直接热处理工艺存在的问题及解决的途径。     

Processing TiAl-Based Alloy by Elemental Powder Metallurgy

1. IntroductionTiAl based alloy has long been considered as apromising candidate for high temperature applications, because it has a high specific strength and goodhigh temperattire properties[1-31. The main methods for the preparation of TiAl based alloys includecasting and powder metallurgy. In general, thermomechanical treatment (such as forging and extrusion)and subsequellt heat treatment should be conductedfor cajst TiAl-based alloys in order to refine the coarsemicrostructure[4,5], whe…     

A STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF FATIGUE FRACTURE MODE IN TWO TITANIUM ALLOYS

The appearance of the fatigue fracture surface and crack growth curve have been examined for a Ti–2.5Cu alloy with different microstructures (two equiaxed and two lamellar microstructures), and for TIMETAL 1100 with a lamellar microstructure. With increasing Δ K , a slope change in the crack growth curve correlates with a transition in the fracture surface appearance (induced by a fracture mode transition); this being found in each microstructure. The microstructure size that controls the fatigue fracture is found to be the grain size for equiaxed microstructures and the lamella width for lamellar microstructures. The transitional behaviour can be interpreted in terms of a monotonic plastic zone size model in microstructures having a coarse microstructure size and in terms of a cyclic plastic zone size model for microstructures having a fine microstructure size.     

Richtungsabhängigkeit der Rissausbreitung bei einem gefügebedingten Übergang von rauigkeits‐ zu plastizitätsinduzierter Rissschließung an der Legierung Ti‐6Al‐4V

On the titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V a rugged transition from equiaxed to lamellar microstructure was produced by a specific thermomechanical treatment. Equiaxed microstructures of this alloy show plasticity induced crack closure over a wide range of ΔK whereas for lamellar microstructures roughness induced crack closure is observed up to relatively high loadings. Thus by the obtained microstructural transition the observation of a change of the crack closure mode becomes feasible at constant loading ΔK. For the crack propagation from equiaxed to lamellar microstructure, i. e. from plasticity to roughness induced crack closure, the closure load corresponds always to the particular microstructure at the crack tip. In the opposite direction significant closure effects in the crack path interfere leading to an increase of the crack closure load and consequently to a reduction of the crack velocity. Hereby for constant ΔK the crack velocity becomes dependent on the crack propagation direction.     

Effects of Oxygen on the Microstructure of Ti_(47)Al_(0.7)B Alloys

The effects of oxygen on the microstructure of Ti-47Al-0.7B (at. pct) alloy for as-cast automotive valves were investigated. Six alloys with oxygen content from 0.4 to 1.4 at. pct were prepared by induction melting and centrifugal casting in CaO crucible under protective atmosphere. The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the increase of oxygen content led to grain refinement and enhanced the microhardness as well as the α 2 ...     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and microhardness evolution in a Ti–6Al–4V alloy processed by high-pressure torsion

A Ti–6Al–4V alloy was heat-treated to give two types of microstructures with different volume fraction of equiaxed α phase and lamellar (α + β) microstructure. Disks were cut from the heat-treated rods and processed by quasi-constrained high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature with an applied pressure of 6.0 GPa and torsional straining from 1/4 to 20 turns. The results show that there is a gradual evolution of homogeneity in microhardness and grain size with increasing numbers of revolutions in HPT such that the microhardness values attain a maximum constant value across the disk after processing by HPT for 10 turns and the measured equilibrium grain sizes after 20 turns are ~130 nm in Ti64-1 and ~70 in Ti64-2. The results show also that a larger fraction of lamellar (α + β) in the microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V leads to a higher hardenability after processing by HPT.     

Effect of microstructure on the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloys

Through an analysis on microstructure and high cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloys which were selected from literature, the effects of microstructure types and microstructure parameters on HCF properties were investigated systematically. The results show that the HCF properties are strongly determined by microstructure types for Ti–6Al–4V. Generally the HCF strengths of different microstructures decrease in the order of bimodal, lamellar and equiaxed microstructure. Additionally, microstructure parameters such as the primary α (α_p) content and the α_p grain size in bimodal microstructures, the α lamellar width in lamellar microstructure and the α grain size in equiaxed microstructures, can influence the HCF properties.     

Microstructural Development and Mechanical Properties of PM Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8 vol.%TiB_2 Processed by Field Assisted Hot Pressing

A γ-TiAI intermetallic alloy, Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn （at.%）-0.8 vol.%TiB2, has been processed from gas atomized praalloyed powder by field assisted hot pressing （FAHP）. An initial analysis of the prealloyed powder helped on the understanding of the intermetallic sintering behavior. Atomized powder consisted of α metastable phase that transformed into α2＋γ equilibrium phases by thermal treating. Different powder particle microstructures were found, which influence the microstructure development of the FAHP T-TiAI material depending on the sintering temperature. Duplex, nearly lamellar and fully lamellar microstructures were obtained at the sintaring temperatures above 1000 ℃. Lower consolidation temperatures, below 1000 ℃, led to the formation of an AI rich phase at powder particle boundaries, which is deleterious to the mechanical properties. High compressive yield strength of 1050 MPa was observed in samples with FAHP duplex microstructures at room temperature. Whereas nearly lamellar and fully lamellar microstructures showed yield strength values of 655 and 626 MPa at room temperature and 440 and 425 MPa at 750 ℃, respectively, which are superior in comparison to similar alloys processed by other techniques. These excellent properties can be explained due to the different volume fractions of the α2 and γ phases and the refinement of the PM microstructures.     

The influence of manganese on the microstructure and the strength of a ZA-27 alloy

Mechanical properties and microstructures of the ZA-27 alloy with different contents of Mn are reported. Mn modifies the coarse foundry microstructure by forming Al-Mn precipitates and a fine lamellar + microstructure. Additions of Mn increase the mechanical properties since coarse precipitates are avoided. Best results are obtained for the 0.25 to 0.30 weight% Mn range.     

Formation and Evolution of Non-dendritic Microstructures of Semi-solid Alloys Prepared by Shearing/Cooling Roll Process

The shearing/cooling roll （SCR） process was adopted to prepare semi-solid A2017 alloy. The formation and evolution of non-dendritic microstructures in semi-solid A2017 alloy were studied. It is shown that the microstructures of semi-solid billets transform from coarse dendrites into fine equiaxed grains as the pouring temperature of molten alloy decreases o.r roll-shoe cavity height is reduced. From the inlet to the exit of roll-shoe cavity, microstructure of semi-solid slurry near the shoe surface is in the order of coarse dendrites, degenerated dendrites or equiaxed grains, but fine equiaxed grains are near the roll surface. Microstructural evolution of semi-solid slurry prepared by SCR process is that the molten alloy nucleates and grows into dendrite firstly on the roll and shoe＇s surface. Under the shearing and stirring given by the rotating roll, the dendrites crush off and disperse into the melt. Under the shearing and stirring on semi-solid slurry with high volume fraction of solid, the dendrite arms fracture and form equiaxed grain microstructures.