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1.
基于多传感器信息融合的斜面移动机器人定位新方法 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
首先分析了本文的研究意义;然后针对在斜面上工作的轮式移动机器人,提出了通过卡尔曼滤波融合倾斜角传感器和码盘传感器信息的移动机器人定位新方法;最后进行了斜面定位试验.试验结果证实了本文定位方法的有效性. 相似文献
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When navigating in an unknown environment for the first time, a natural behavior consists on memorizing some key views along
the performed path, in order to use these references as checkpoints for a future navigation mission. The navigation framework
for wheeled mobile robots presented in this paper is based on this assumption. During a human-guided learning step, the robot
performs paths which are sampled and stored as a set of ordered key images, acquired by an embedded camera. The set of these
obtained visual paths is topologically organized and provides a visual memory of the environment. Given an image of one of
the visual paths as a target, the robot navigation mission is defined as a concatenation of visual path subsets, called visual
route. When running autonomously, the robot is controlled by a visual servoing law adapted to its nonholonomic constraint.
Based on the regulation of successive homographies, this control guides the robot along the reference visual route without
explicitly planning any trajectory. The proposed framework has been designed for the entire class of central catadioptric
cameras (including conventional cameras). It has been validated onto two architectures. In the first one, algorithms have
been implemented onto a dedicated hardware and the robot is equipped with a standard perspective camera. In the second one,
they have been implemented on a standard PC and an omnidirectional camera is considered.
相似文献
Youcef MezouarEmail: |
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Ben J. A. Kr se Kai M. Compagner Franciscus C. A. Groen 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》1993,11(3-4):221-230
This paper describes a robust and accurate ultrasonic sensing system for a mobile robot. The system continuously updates a local map of the environment in which obstacles are represented by straight lines or points in a robot centered coordinate frame. The presented algorithms use a Kalman filter for the reduction of the noise in the ultrasonic data and use a systematical error correction (‘bundle correction’) to reduce the uncertainty in obstacle direction. Experiments are carried out in simulation and with a real mobile robot system. Results show that the accuracy with which line parameters can be estimated is in the order of 1 degree for the orientation and about 2 cm for the position. The effect of the bundle correction is significant and maximal when the robot approaches walls under a small angle. 相似文献
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本文设计并实现了一种新的实体机器人足球比赛中队伍阵型策略方法,此方法建立在对球的Markov预测模型基础上,将目标和阵型相融合,实现了阵型的动态选择以及阵型间的动态切换。 相似文献
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IEKF滤波在移动机器人定位中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对EKF中观测噪声方差估计不准确导致滤波器性能下降甚至发散的问题,提出了基于环境特征的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)融合算法。该算法融合了里程计采集的机器人内部数据和激光雷达传感器采集的外部环境特征,在测量更新阶段多次迭代状态估计值并对机器人的位姿进行修正,减少了非线性误差,提高了定位精度。 相似文献
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针对传统的PTZ摄像机跟踪运动目标时依靠人工操作,无法连续、实时动态跟踪,甚至导致跟踪失败的缺点,提出以HSV颜色直方图作为模型特征,通过Camshift算法和卡尔曼滤波器实现运动目标的定位和预测补偿,运用闭环控制机制自动调节云台的转动和镜头的变倍,提高了系统的实时性。通过Android智能手机手动调节云台和镜头,配合自动跟踪系统,使跟踪效果更准确。结果表明:该方法是可行的,具有控制简单、定位准确的优点,能提高目标跟踪的实时性和可靠性。 相似文献
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We describe a sonar localisation system for autonomous mobile robot navigation in a known environment, which tries to extract as much information as possible from the sensors by building a detailed probabilistic model of each sonar event. It takes account of multiple hypotheses about the source of each signal and uses a probabilistic sensor fusion technique to merge the results into a single location update. The system is designed to run under our decentralised, highly parallel vehicle architecture, and we discuss some of the implementation techniques required to achieve this. The results of some initial simulations are presented. 相似文献
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针对直升机在海上执行搜救、探测任务时,海浪噪声会干扰高度信息的测量,引起直升机高度波动的问题,提出一种有效的用于处理海浪噪声的卡尔曼滤波方案。通过建立海浪模型,分析无线电高度表和垂直加速度计测量信号的特点,给出了融合两种高度传感器信息的海浪滤波算法,并应用于直升机高度控制系统进行检验。仿真结果表明,根据海况调整滤波器参数,用所提出的算法可以有效滤除海浪噪声,给出满意的高度信息。将此滤波方案应用于直升机高度控制系统,可以明显改善飞机高度的稳定效果。 相似文献
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A probabilistic algorithm is proposed for the problem of simultaneous robot localization and people-tracking (SLAP) using single onboard sensor in situations with sensor noise and global uncertainties over the observer’s pose. By the decomposition of the joint distribution according to the Rao-Blackwell theorem, posteriors of the robot pose are sequentially estimated over time by a smoothed laser perception model and an improved resampling scheme with evolution strategies; the conditional distribution of the person’s position is estimated using unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to deal with the nonlinear dynamic of human motion. Experiments conducted in a real indoor service robot scenario validate the favorable performance of the positional accuracy as well as the improved computational efficiency. 相似文献
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An obstacle-avoidance algorithm is presented for autonomous mobile robots equipped with a CCD camera and ultrasonic sensors.
This approach uses segmentation techniques to segregate the floor from other fixtures, and measurement techniques to measure
the distance between the mobile robot and any obstacles. It uses a simple computation for the selection of a threshold value.
This approach also uses a cost function, which is combined with image information, distance information, and a weight factor,
to find an obstacle-free path. This algorithm, which uses a CCD camera and ultrasonic sensors, can be used for cases including
shadow regions, and obstacles in visual navigation and in various lighting conditions.
This work was presented in part at the 7th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 16–18,
2002 相似文献
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随着虚拟现实技术的蓬勃发展,虚拟摄像系统的研究亦炙手可热.虚拟摄像系统的使用,使电视节目和电影电视特效等的制作踏上一个前所未有的新台阶.然而在虚拟摄像系统的研究与使用过程中,虚实摄像机运动姿态的同步一直是难以解决的的关键问题,即MEMS传感器在测量过程中会产生噪声影响,其精确度有待提高.为解决这一问题,拟基于Unity3D平台,使用C#脚本编程语言,开发一套实时虚拟摄像系统,着重研究虚实摄像机姿态同步融合技术,选用卡尔曼滤波技术对传感器数据进行滤波处理,减少噪声影响.研究结果显示,此虚拟摄像系统中虚实摄像机的运动姿态的同步运动能够满足电视节目录制与电影电视特效制作等的需求. 相似文献
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针对微机电系统MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System)陀螺仪的随机误差,引入了粒子滤波处理MEMS IMU的输出数据.借助于机动目标的Singer模型建立了系统状态方程,论文讨论了粒子滤波算法在MEMS IMU滤波处理的应用,详细描述了算法的推导过程.应用经典卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波分别处... 相似文献
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心电信号QRS波的检测方法很多,但在准确性与实时性方面都不太好,该文中将心电信号按照QRS波周期进行分割,利用RLS算法的自适应AR建模,为心电信号建立模型,再利用kalman滤波算法对心电信号进行滤波和预测,在保证R波探测率的同时提高了探测的速度。针对心率不齐或者QRS波周期产生波动的情况,程序中利用各QRS波周期的相似性,求其互相关,以确定周期T,同时对T进行自适应建模,以便对下一周期预测。经过试验,取得了比较好的效果。 相似文献
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首先介绍了时间序列ARMA模型及其建模方法,并利用该方法基于振动环式微机械陀螺的实测数据建立了振动环式微机械陀螺随机漂移的ARMA模型。在此模型基础上,设计了Kalman滤波器。仿真结果表明此方法能够有效抑制微机械陀螺的零点随机漂移。 相似文献
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提出了基于惯性测量单元IMU的主动型伴舞机器人人机协作控制算法。机器人腰部安装具有一定刚度的弹簧,利用Kalman滤波将三轴加速度计数据与三轴陀螺仪数据进行融合,得到机器人在人类舞伴作用下的姿态角变化,采用阈值法滤除相对姿态角抖动误差,再结合当前机器人状态,综合判断得到相对姿态角到速度矢量的映射。将期望轨迹速度与人力产生的轨迹修正速度融合,得到人机协作下机器人的运动轨迹和剩余目标点的坐标修正值。将算法应用于华尔兹CCL舞步轨迹测试,实验结果表明算法效果良好。 相似文献
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在GPS/DR组合导航中,一般是基于二维平面建立的航位推算模型,由此建立常系数矩阵的卡尔曼滤波方程,并在此基础上求解。但是,实际运动物体都是在地球球面上运动 。为了获得更精确的运动物体的数学模型,本文建立了GPS/DR组合导航系统的球面模型,得到了含不确定性参数系数矩阵的卡尔曼滤波模型,并利用改进的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法分别对运动体沿经度、纬度线和曲面圆周运动进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,基于本文建立的模型下的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法比常规卡尔曼滤波精度更高。 相似文献