海水倒灌后稻田水盐动态变化

汉沽农场就海水倒灌后如何种稻问题 ,提出了一整套补救措施 ,即全部清排毛 ;用辅助水源井淡水洗盐压碱 ;增施磷肥和酸性肥料 ;监测不同地块的水质及时排灌 ;加强田间管理 ;充分利用回归水等。通过以上措施使公顷产量达 750 0kg以上 ,与正常年份持平。同时对海水倒灌后土壤的水盐动态进行了观测 ,总结出了换水后土壤氯离子随时间的推移而减少的规律。提出了水稻返青期和分蘖期的耐盐极限     

水稻倒伏原因及防御技术措施

在三江平原粳稻产区,生产中常发生水稻倒伏,造成减产。笔者针对这种现象,进行生产实践调查、试验研究,分析探讨水稻倒伏原因,并提出防御倒伏的综合栽培技术。水稻倒伏主要原因是品种自身抗倒伏能力差,田间没有应用配方施肥技术,不按水稻需水规律灌水。秧苗素质差,插秧密度大,整地质量不好,病虫草害和台风、暴雨等恶劣的环境条件也能造成水稻倒伏。选用抗倒伏的优良水稻品种,控制氮肥、增加磷钾肥,应用"浅、湿、干"间歇灌溉法,旱育稀植培育壮秧,及时防控病虫草害等技术都能有效地防御水稻倒伏,增加水稻产量,提高稻米品质。     

海水倒灌后棉花高产的障碍因子及技术措施

１９９７年８月１８日受１１号强台风袭击，浙江省东部沿海的宁海、三门、象山等棉区水利设施严重受损，海塘决口，海水倒灌。据统计沿海棉区棉花受灾面积达１．９０万公顷，绝收面积达０．９６７万公顷左右，海水倒灌不仅给当年棉花生产造成严重损失，同时造成棉田土壤盐...     

汉沽农场农田灌溉现状与可持续发展

着重介绍了汉沽农场农田灌溉的现状,由于海水倒灌,河水含盐量高,农田不能使用。指出水资源严重不足及缺少节水措施是制约汉沽农场农业发展的主要因素。提出了改造现有水利设施、节水控灌、微咸水灌溉、地表水与地下水混灌等具体措施。     

直播栽培在晚稻救灾中的应用效果及技术探讨

2005年将水稻直播技术用作台风灾后晚稻生产补救措施，有效降低了产量损失。文章还介绍了连作晚稻直播栽培技术。     

"杂交水稻-蚕豆"高产增效栽培技术

"杂交水稻-蚕豆"种植模式能有效利用农田冬季资源,稳定粮食生产,增加农民收入.介绍了该种植模式的栽培技术要点.     

汉沽农场农田灌溉现状与可持续发展

着重介绍了汉沽农场农田灌溉的现状，由于海水倒灌，河水含盐量高，农田不能使用。指出水资源严重不足及缺少节水措施是制约汉沽农场农业发展的主要因素。提出了改造现有水利设施、节水控灌、微咸水灌溉、地表水与地下水混灌等具体措施。     

烟—稻优质高产栽培技术

烟—稻高产栽培模式是近年来三明市各县农田最主要的生产栽培模式之一,清流县实施该模式有效地促进农业增效、农民增收。文章对优质高产烤烟栽培技术、烟后杂交水稻优质高产栽培技术提出针对性强的技术规范和要求。     

云南保山一季中稻高产栽培集成技术

要实现水稻高产优质高效,一是具备高产稳产良田基础,二是具备高产潜力的良种,三是具备一套集成高产栽培技术,只有良田、良种、良法有机配套,才能实现水稻高产。云南省保山市隆阳区自"九五"以来,积极实施中低产田改造项目,高标准和高产农田建设取得了初步成效;高产水稻良种的选育达到推广一批、示范一批、储备一批的良好衔接机制;栽培技术的研究示范推广得到重点突破。2006年以来,水稻精确定量栽培技术引进隆阳区进行示范推广,增产效果显著,2011年隆阳区1.43万hm2一季中稻平均每667 m2产量达691.0 kg。     

膜下滴灌水稻栽培技术对降低甲烷气体排放以及化肥、农药施用污染的探讨

对当前传统水稻栽培技术对稻田甲烷气体排放以及化肥、农药施用后造成环境污染的现状进行了分析.采用膜下滴灌水稻栽培技术能够有效降低甲烷气体排放,减少施用化肥、农药对环境的污染;同时,膜下滴灌水稻比传统水稻在节水、增产方面有明显优势.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。