彩色多普勒超声引导无血管化穿刺行经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术治疗肾结石探讨

目的彩色多普勒超声引导无血管化穿刺行经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术治疗肾结石探讨。方法本文选取200例肾结石患者,对全部患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,进一步对超声引导无血管化穿刺行经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术取得的临床疗效进行总结和探讨。结果本次手术开展过程中,手术时间0.5~3 h,平均(1.10±0.66)h,术中失血量为20.0~22.0 ml,平均(49.59±12.33)ml,其中196例患者一次穿刺成功,并且完成了碎石手术操作过程,成功率达98.00%(196/200),其中单侧通道碎石176例,双侧通道或者三侧通道碎石20例。结论肾结石患者采用彩色多普勒超声引导下弹道碎石术开展治疗过程,可以明显降低手术创伤、减少出血情况,降低不良反应症状发生率,提高手术效果。     

超声电磁导航定位穿刺引导设备在穿刺活检中的可行性及准确性研究

目的：探讨超声电磁导航定位穿刺引导设备引导穿刺活检的可行性及准确性。方法：利用生物胶体及仿生硅胶皮制作仿生组织透明体模,内含30个球形靶点(直径10 mm,深度60～80 mm),由1名有介入超声经验的医师(医师A)和1名无介入超声经验的医师(医师B)进行操作,两名医师对30个球形靶点分别采用超声电磁导航定位技术、超声徒手穿刺及超声引导架3种方法各活检一次,对比3种引导方法的穿刺时间、活检成功率及获取目标的有效长度。结果：医师A使用超声电磁导航定位技术获取目标的有效长度和操作时间均优于超声引导架及超声徒手穿刺,其差异均有统计学意义(Z_有效长度=-4.20,Z=-4.40;Z_操作时间=-6.61,Z=-4.90;P<0.05)。医师B使用超声电磁导航定位技术的活检成功率高于超声徒手穿刺,其差异有统计学意义(x²=12.0,P<0.05);使用超声电磁导航定位技术获取目标的有效长度和操作时间均优于超声引导架及超声徒手穿刺,其差异有统计学意义(Z_有效长度=-6.19,Z=-4.20;Z     

超声引导下注射凝血酶对假性动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨超声实时引导下凝血酶注射对医源性假性动脉瘤的治疗价值。方法收集津南区咸水沽医院2014-2016年期间经皮股动脉穿刺进行冠脉介入治疗后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤的12例患者,行超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶(浓度为100 U/ml),直至瘤腔内充满血栓,血流消失。分析假性动脉瘤瘤体的大小、颈部长宽、凝血酶用量及疗效,观察其并发症。结果 12例股动脉假性动脉瘤均位于右侧腹股沟区,瘤体平均大小为(4.5×2.8×2.5)cm3,瘤颈宽度为(2.5±1.0)mm,瘤颈长度为(5.2±0.7)mm,平均凝血酶用量为(150±70)U。12例均未出现感染、血栓、栓塞、出血、过敏反应等并发症。随访无1例复发。结论超声实时引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤,患者痛苦小,安全有效,可做为医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

彩色多普勒超声引导无血管化穿刺行经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术治疗肾结石

目的：通过回顾性分析临床资料,探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下无血管化标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石清石术治疗肾结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2005年2月-2011年12月笔者所在医院采用彩色多普勒超声引导标准通道经皮肾镜EMS气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗447例470侧肾结石的资料。在彩色多普勒超声定位下,避开血管建立Fr22的皮肾通道,行标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石清石术。结果：手术时间30~180min,平均75min。术中失血量20~200ml,平均50ml。447例均一期穿刺成功并同时碎石。术后复查腹部平片,53例显示残余结石〉4mm,行二期碎石,其中16例需行三期碎石,一期净石率约88.1%。2例因术中急性出血,影响视野,留置造瘘管1周后行二期碎石,术后延迟性大出血7例,6例经保守治疗,血尿消失,1例行高选择性肾动脉栓塞,无死亡病例。结论：彩色多普勒超声引导下无血管化标准肾镜经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗肾结石,具有创伤小、出血少及并发症少的优点,是治疗肾结石的较好方法。     

超声图像引导在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用价值

目的分析超声图像引导在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2017年12月—2019年5月中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科收治的34例宫颈癌患者,根据宫颈癌FIGO分期法分为A组和B组,每组17例。两组宫颈癌患者在每次放疗前行超声引导和锥形束CT(CBCT)扫描,获得X轴(左右)、Y轴(上下)、Z轴(前后)3个方向的摆位误差并进行分析。结果A组患者超声图像引导与CBCT的摆位误差在X轴分别为(-0.93±4.80)mm和(0.49±3.34)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=6.667,P<0.001),Z轴分别为(1.02±8.05)mm和(-0.11±2.91)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.869,P=0.004)。B组患者超声图像引导与CBCT的摆位误差在X轴分别为(-0.25±4.49)mm和(0.10±3.96)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.778,P=0.076),Y轴分别为(1.12±7.75)mm和(0.41±6.28)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.690,P=0.092),Z轴分别为(-0.01±7.24)mm和(0.32±4.40)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.078,P=0.282)。结论有淋巴结转移的中晚期宫颈癌患者放射治疗中,CBCT对盆腔淋巴转移区的图像校准有优势;对于早期宫颈癌患者,超声图像引导可替代CBCT应用于临床个体化精准放疗。     

超声图像引导在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用价值

目的分析超声图像引导在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2017年12月—2019年5月中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科收治的34例宫颈癌患者,根据宫颈癌FIGO分期法分为A组和B组,每组17例。两组宫颈癌患者在每次放疗前行超声引导和锥形束CT(CBCT)扫描,获得X轴(左右)、Y轴(上下)、Z轴(前后)3个方向的摆位误差并进行分析。结果A组患者超声图像引导与CBCT的摆位误差在X轴分别为(-0.93±4.80)mm和(0.49±3.34)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=6.667,P<0.001),Z轴分别为(1.02±8.05)mm和(-0.11±2.91)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.869,P=0.004)。B组患者超声图像引导与CBCT的摆位误差在X轴分别为(-0.25±4.49)mm和(0.10±3.96)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.778,P=0.076),Y轴分别为(1.12±7.75)mm和(0.41±6.28)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.690,P=0.092),Z轴分别为(-0.01±7.24)mm和(0.32±4.40)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.078,P=0.282)。结论有淋巴结转移的中晚期宫颈癌患者放射治疗中,CBCT对盆腔淋巴转移区的图像校准有优势;对于早期宫颈癌患者,超声图像引导可替代CBCT应用于临床个体化精准放疗。     

三维超声在卵泡监测中的应用

目的:探讨三维超声在卵泡监测周期中的实际应用价值。方法:以2015年7月~2017年7月来本院进行卵泡监测的108例患者为研究对象,通过三维超声技术对其实施卵泡监测,统计分析患者不同时点卵泡监测结果。结果:二维与三维超声虚拟球径2种方式测量单卵泡直径的一致性分析结果证实,临床可接受一致性区间d±l0为(-2.57,2.43)mm,95%Lo A的95%CI为(-3.43,3.29)mm,95%Lo A为(-3.11,2.98)mm,差值的均数d=-0.07mm。二维与三维超声平均直径2种方式测量单卵泡直径的测量的一致性分析结果证实,临床可接受一致性区间d±l0为(-3.56,1.44)mm,95%Lo A的95%CI为(-5.21,3.08),95%Lo A为(-4.82,2.70)mm,差值的均数d=-1.06mm。结论:三维超声在卵泡监测中有一定的价值,但是不能夸大其作用,卵泡监测周期内每次都用三维监测比较费时费力,不利于实际操作,如果在近排卵时期用三维超声会有更好的价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢血管病变效果观察

目的探究彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床效果。方法选取2016年6月—2017年3月进行超声诊断的46例糖尿病下肢血管病变患者作为观察组,选取同时期46例前来体检的人员作为对照组。两组均采用彩色多普勒超声进行诊断,观察两组的股动脉、腘动脉内-中膜厚度,下肢动脉内径(股动脉、腘动脉、胫后动脉、足背动脉),以及下肢血管病变发生率。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ~2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组股动脉内-中膜厚度、腘动脉内-中膜厚度[(1.22±0.23)、(1.12±0.19)mm]与对照组[(0.73±0.34)、(0.72±0.18)mm]比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),对照组的血流量高于观察组,血管内径大于观察组,频谱宽度较之观察组更窄,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的血管闭塞、血栓、内膜增厚及斑块、50%以上血管狭窄等下肢动脉硬化发生率[21.74%、8.70%、82.61%、41.30%]均高于对照组[0.00%、0.00%、8.70%、6.52%],差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声技术对于糖尿病下肢血管病变患者的诊断效果显著,为后续治疗提供诊断依据。     

恐伤母鼠对仔鼠空间学习及记忆能力影响

目的 探讨恐伤母鼠对仔鼠空间学习和记忆能力影响.方法 采用旁观电击法制备恐伤母鼠动物模型,应用Morris水迷宫定位航行实验及空间探索实验测试1月龄仔鼠空间学习和记忆能力.结果 定位航行实验中,对照组1～4d平均潜伏期分别为(47.7±16.7)、(39.8 ±20.6)、(30.9±18.9)、(26.6±13.3)s,模型组分别为(89.5±27.2)、(70.7±40.0)、(57.4±38.3)、(55.5 ±35.9)s,模型组比对照组仔鼠平均潜伏期延长,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；与对照组比较,模型组仔鼠较多采用非有效策略,较少采用有效策略,差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.104,P=0.024)；空间探索实验中,模型组比对照组仔鼠平均游泳速度变慢,游泳路程在20％边缘区平均百分比变大,在其他区域平均百分比减小(P＜0.05).结论 恐伤母鼠可使仔鼠空间学习和记忆能力下降.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢血管病变研究

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢血管的价值。方法:收集2012年1月~2015年1月我院糖尿病的患者作为研究对象,定义为糖尿病组,共50人。对照组为我院其他科室未诊断为糖尿病的患者,共50例。对比(1)糖尿病组和对照组一般资料。(2)糖尿病组与对照组股动脉、动脉内-中膜厚度。结果:(1)糖尿病组平均年龄(51.8±8.7)岁,其中男性33例,女性27例;对照组,年龄(52.3±10.4)岁,其中男性29例,女性31例,2组人员性别,年龄差异无统计学意义。(2)糖尿病组与对照组股动脉、动脉内-中膜厚度分别为(1.11±0.38mm、1.05±0.16mm)、(0.73±0.21mm、0.74±0.52mm)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:本次研究认为糖尿病人群中股动脉、动脉内-中膜厚度明显高于非糖尿病人群。     

彩色多普勒超声引导应用于介入性手术后股动脉假性动脉瘤临床诊治的研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声引导在介入性手术后股动脉假性动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值.方法 选择2009年2月至2011年2月诊治的介入性手术后股动脉假性动脉瘤患者52例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组26例.观察组患者行超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗,对照组患者行超声引导下压迫的方法,比较两组患者治疗的操作时间、下肢制动时间、使用镇静药物情况及治疗效果.结果 观察组治疗有效率为92.31％(24/26),对照组为69.23％(18/26),观察组操作时间及下肢制动时间分别为(28.65±6.84) min和(2.54±0.45)h,均明显短于对照组[分别为(69.84±13.63) min和(18.54±2.87)h],观察组使用镇静药物率(23.08％,6/26)明显低于对照组(53.85％,14/26),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声引导应用于介入性手术后股动脉假性动脉瘤疗效显著,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

Factors associated with assault-related firearm injuries in male adolescents.

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with an increased prevalence of assault-related firearm injuries in male adolescents. METHODS: This study is a retrospective comparison of two samples of adolescent males from the same geographic localities regarding their involvement in the juvenile justice system (court involvement) and injury status (current or prior firearm injury at the time of the study). The subjects included adolescent male patients admitted to an urban, Level I trauma center for assault-related firearm injuries (court-involved and noncourt- involved, n = 65); and incarcerated juvenile offenders (prior firearm injury and no known firearm injury, n = 267). RESULTS: Two-thirds of the male assault-related pediatric firearm injury victims treated over a two-year period were involved in the juvenile justice system (court involved). Court-involved adolescents were almost 22 times more likely to have sustained an assault-related firearm injury, when compared to noncourt-involved patients with firearm injuries. Additional analysis documented recent substance use and/or involvement in criminal offenses in 82% of the victims. For most of the juvenile offenders (88%), court involvement preceded their injuries. Analysis of the injury patterns revealed an increased prevalence of truncal injuries (injuries to thorax or abdomen) in the court-involved victims, when compared to their noncourt-involved peers (40% and 14% for the court-involved and noncourt-involved samples, respectively; p <.05). Incarceration was associated with a 17-fold increase in the firearm injury prevalence over the court-involved, but not incarcerated, sample. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that involvement in substance use and/or the criminal justice system is associated with an increased risk of firearm injuries in male adolescents, and that an increased level of involvement in the juvenile justice system is associated with a concomitant increase in firearm injuries.     

Incidence rates of firearm injuries in Galveston, Texas, 1979-1981

Firearm injury mortality rates have been characterized in various settings, but little is known of the total magnitude of firearm injury, including morbidity. The authors determined population-based incidence rates of firearm injury among residents of Galveston, Texas, from 1979-1981 by using police, emergency department, hospital, emergency medical services, medical examiner, and vital records to identify 239 firearm injury cases. Vital records, medical examiner, and police records each identified more than 95% of the fatalities, but police records (sensitivity = 98%) were better than emergency department or hospital records (sensitivity = 82% and 28%, respectively) for identifying all nonfatal cases. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of firearm injury was 128 per 100,000 persons. Black males, with the highest firearm injury rate (459 per 100,000 persons), were injured at 46 times the rate of white females (10 per 100,000 persons). The overall case fatality rate was 30%, including 25% of the assaults/homicides, 81% of the parasuicides/suicides, and 0% of the unintentional injuries. On the basis of the case fatality rates, an estimated 140,000 firearm injuries occur in the United States annually. The case fatality rate for penetrating head injuries was 80% versus 48% for chest injuries and 6% for all other parts of the body. The results are discussed with respect to policy recommendations for reducing firearm injuries.     

超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床研究

目的：评价超声引导下瘤内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的应用价值。方法：入选33例经皮冠脉介入治疗术后形成的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者。采用超声引导下,于超声探头压迫瘤颈同时,瘤腔内注射凝血酶（浓度为100 U/mL）。分析假性动脉瘤的类型、大小、瘤径长度及宽度、凝血酶用量及其疗效,观察其并发症。结果：33例患者中,单纯型25例,复杂型8例。动脉瘤平均体积为（9.0±5.0）cm3,瘤颈部宽度（2.7±0.7）mm,颈部长度（5.9±0.9）mm,平均凝血酶用量（299±110）U。30例一次成功,3例第一次注射后复发,经第二次注射后成功,其中单纯型1例,复杂型2例。未发生动脉或静脉栓塞等并发症。术后随访3个月无复发。与单纯型相比,复杂型动脉瘤患者年龄更大,女性更多,体重指数及瘤腔体积更大,所需凝血酶剂量更多（P〈0.05）;两者在瘤径长度及宽度方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤操作简便,疗效好,安全性高,可作为介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

Firearm injuries: epidemic then, endemic now

There has been a transition in US firearm injuries from an epidemic phase (mid-1980s to early 1990s) to an endemic one (since the mid-1990s). Endemic US firearm injuries merit public health attention because they exact an ongoing toll, may give rise to new epidemic outbreaks, and can foster firearm injuries in other parts of the world. The endemic period is a good time for the development of ongoing prevention approaches, including assessment and monitoring of local risk factors over time and application of proven measures to reduce these risk factors, development of means to address changing circumstances, and ongoing professional and public education designed to weave firearm injury prevention into the fabric of public health work and everyday life.     

Reducing firearm injuries: the role of local public health departments

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to gather data regarding local public health departments' involvement in activities to prevent firearm-related morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to local public health departments serving cities with populations > or =60,000 to assess their perceptions of the magnitude of the firearm injury problem in their jurisdictions and the activities in which they were engaged to reduce firearm-related injuries. RESULTS: Almost half (49.7%) of respondents said that their departments had not seriously thought about being involved in activities to reduce firearm-related injuries, and fewer than one in five (17.8%) reported that their departments were involved in such activities. Respondents identified three barriers to involvement in activities to reduce firearm injuries: limited financial resources (62.7% of respondents), lack of expertise (50.8%), and not enough time (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the extent of firearm injuries in the US, systematic collection of local data on firearm morbidity and mortality to help guide policy development is lacking.     

State Firearm Legislation and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries

Objectives. We investigated whether stricter state-level firearm legislation was associated with lower hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries.Methods. We estimated discharge rates for hospitalized and emergency department–treated nonfatal firearm injuries in 18 states in 2010 and used negative binomial regression to determine whether strength of state firearm legislation was independently associated with total nonfatal firearm injury discharge rates.Results. We identified 26 744 discharges for nonfatal firearm injuries. The overall age-adjusted discharge rate was 19.0 per 100 000 person-years (state range = 3.3–36.6), including 7.9 and 11.1 discharges per 100 000 for hospitalized and emergency department–treated injuries, respectively. In models adjusting for differences in state sociodemographic characteristics and economic conditions, states in the strictest tertile of legislative strength had lower discharge rates for total (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 0.82), assault-related (IRR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.99), self-inflicted (IRR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.24), and unintentional (IRR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.84) nonfatal firearm injuries.Conclusions. There is significant variation in state-level hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries, and stricter state firearm legislation is associated with lower discharge rates for such injuries.Each year from 2005 to 2010, an average of 103 000 Americans were injured or killed by a firearm—approximately 282 individuals per day.1 Most public attention and research has focused on fatal firearm injuries because they are a leading cause of injury death and account for more than 30 000 deaths annually.1 Firearm injuries were the third leading cause of injury-related deaths in 2010 after poisoning and motor vehicle accidents and were the second most frequent cause of traumatic death related to a consumer product.1,2 However, a majority of firearm-related injuries in the United States are nonfatal.1,3,4 In 2010, nearly 5 individuals suffered nonfatal firearm injuries for every 2 who died as a result of firearm violence.1 The age-adjusted fatal firearm injury rate in that year was 10.1 per 100 000 person-years, less than half of the age-adjusted nonfatal injury rate (24.0 per 100 000 person-years).1 This high prevalence of nonfatal firearm injuries in the United States is associated with significant physical and psychological morbidity among injury survivors.5–7 It is also a substantial economic burden for victims, taxpayers, and the United States.8–12Numerous state and federal laws have been implemented in attempts to reduce firearm-related violence in the United States.13 Household firearm ownership rates have been shown to be associated with states’ rates of firearm-related suicides and homicides; thus, legislation might reduce firearm injuries by limiting overall firearm ownership.14,15 A strong association has also been demonstrated between safer firearm storage practices and a lower risk of suicide and unintentional firearm deaths.16–19 Hence, legislation aimed at increasing safe firearm storage may decrease firearm-related injuries, particularly in homes with children and adolescents. In addition, laws that promote background checks before firearm purchase and those that limit private firearm transactions and transfers may help limit firearm access by those most likely to harm themselves or others.Overall, the effectiveness of these laws individually or as a whole remains unclear. Two studies evaluated the relationship between state firearm legislation and firearm injuries using measures of state firearm legislation on the basis of annual scorecards created by the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence.20,21 These studies found lower rates of total firearm deaths, including homicides and suicides,20 as well as lower rates of firearm injuries in children,21 in states with more restrictive firearm legislation. Previous studies have also shown that laws related to background checks and limitations on handgun possession and transfer are associated with lower rates of firearm deaths, including suicides and homicides.22–25 A study of the 1994 Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Pub L. No. 103-159, 107 Stat. 1536, USC 921–922, HR 1025, 103rd Congress), which established a mandatory waiting period and background check requirement for handgun sales through licensed firearm dealers, found that the law led to a decline in the suicide rate for those aged 55 years and older, although these findings may have been driven by the implementation of the waiting period rather than the background check itself.26Laws focused on preventing children’s access to firearms are associated with lower rates of both unintentional deaths and suicides.27,28 A cross-sectional, time series analysis of pooled data from 1979 to 2000 found that unintentional firearm deaths among children were declining nationally and that most states that enacted child access laws experienced greater declines in those injuries than did states that had not.29 Notably, state-level comparisons of child access laws can be driven largely by the few states with the strictest child access legislation (e.g., felony conviction for violations).29,30Additionally, several studies suggest that laws aimed at easing access to and use of firearms may be associated with higher rates of firearm injuries, including homicides.31–33 One study found that the 2007 repeal of Missouri’s permit to purchase law requiring firearm purchasers to obtain a license verifying that they passed a background check led to an increase in firearm-related homicides.33 Conversely, other studies have observed no association between stricter firearm laws and firearm violence,26,34,35 and a recent systematic review of various federal and state firearm laws found insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in reducing firearm-related violence and injuries.36Several studies have examined the relationship between firearm legislation and fatal firearm injuries, although little is known about the relationship between firearm legislation and nonfatal firearm outcomes.37 This relationship may differ from that observed with fatal injuries because of the different circumstances under which nonfatal firearm injuries occur, including differences in the age of the injured,1,3 the type of firearms involved,38 and injury intent.3 For instance, unintentional shootings are more likely to prove nonfatal than are intentional shootings, and a vast majority of self-inflicted injuries (i.e., suicide attempts) result in death.3,39 Because of the higher prevalence of nonfatal firearm injuries, studies of nonfatal injuries may also have greater statistical power to determine associations between legislation and firearm outcomes that might not be observed in studies of fatal injuries.We have described state variation in discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries in 2010 and determined whether stricter state-level firearm legislation was associated with lower discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries.     

超声引导下微创旋切在乳腺肿块切除中的应用分析

目的:观察超声引导下微创旋切在乳腺肿块切除中的应用疗效.方法:选择2019年1月～2020年1月本院收治的62例乳腺肿块切除患者为本次研究对象,在患者自愿参与本次研究的前提下按照是否在超声引导下行微创旋切分为对照组(31例,传统乳腺肿块切除术)与实验组(31例,超声引导下微创旋切术),比较两组患者治疗效果.结果:实验组...     

乳腺托架联合头膜固定术与乳腺托架固定术的分析

目的乳腺托架联合头膜固定术与乳腺托架固定术的分析。方法选取2017年6月-2019年3月的126例乳腺癌术后保乳治疗者为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组63例,试验组采用乳腺托架头膜联合固定术,对照组采用单纯乳腺托架固定术。比较两组的摆位误差。结果试验组摆位误差在X、Y、Z轴分别为(2.20±1.06)mm、(3.04±1.08)mm、(2.64±1.25)mm;对照组摆位误差在X、Y、Z轴分别为(4.00±1.89)mm、(3.69±1.19)mm、(4.30±1.96)mm。两种不同固定术的摆位误差比较,X,Y,Z轴差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组的摆位误差小于对照组。试验组X,Y,Z轴方向在线性摆位误差通过率分别为93.7%,90.5%,88.9%,而X,Y,Z轴三方向同时合格通过率为85.7%;对照组为88.9%,90.5%,82.5%,而X,Y,Z轴方向同时合格通过率为69.8%。两组比较X,Y,Z轴三方向同时通过合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组的同时合格通过率高。结论乳腺癌放疗者使用简易乳腺托架头膜联合固定术,可降低摆位误差,提升摆位重复性,有利于提升摆位精确度。     

重庆市在校儿童动物伤害发生现状

目的 了解重庆市在校儿童动物伤害发生现状,为有关部门制定和实施预防和控制儿童动物伤害策略和措施提供科学依据.方法 按照多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取重庆市四个区在校的4～12年级的14056名儿童作为调查对象,调查过去6个月的动物伤害发生情况.结果 重庆市在校儿童动物伤害人数发生率为0.35％,人次发生率为0.36％;...