CuCr_2O_4/TiO_2复合薄膜电极对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

将制备的CuCr2O4纳米粉体以不同比例掺杂到TiO2粉体中制成浆料,采用丝网印刷法在FTO导电玻璃上制备CuCr2O4/TiO2复合薄膜电极。利用X射线衍射仪对复合薄膜进行晶型分析,数显测厚指示表测试复合薄膜的厚度,用光电转换测定仪测试了DSSC性能。结果表明,掺杂CuCr2O4纳米粉体能够提高电池的光电转化效率,当薄膜厚度为20μm、掺杂粉体的质量分数为2%时,薄膜电极具有良好的光电性能;与纯TiO2薄膜电极相比,光电转化效率提高了22.6%,达到6.5%。     

SnO2致密层在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

在染料敏化太阳能电池中,半导体薄膜为其重要组成部分,是当前研究热点之一。为有效提升电池器件短路电流密度,在氟掺杂二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃上构建Sn O2致密层,制备出Sn O2-Ti O2复合半导体薄膜。结构形貌测试表明,Sn O2-Ti O2复合半导体薄膜厚度略大于Ti O2半导体薄膜。电化学测试明确,Sn O2-Ti O2复合半导体薄膜能抑制FTO导电玻璃上电子与电解液中氧化还原电对之间的复合反应,有效提升了电池器件的短路电流密度。光电流密度-电压曲线证实基于Sn O2-Ti O2复合半导体薄膜的电池器件短路电流密度达到了17. 53 m A/cm2,其光电转换效率为7. 28%,高于基于Ti O2半导体薄膜的电池器件效率6. 74%。     

CuCr2O4/TiO2复合薄膜电极对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

将制备的CuCr2O4纳米粉体以不同比例掺杂到TiO2粉体中制成浆料,采用丝网印刷法在FTO导电玻璃上制备CuCr2 O4/TiO2复合薄膜电极.利用X射线衍射仪对复合薄膜进行晶型分析,数显测厚指示表测试复合薄膜的厚度,用光电转换测定仪测试了DSSC性能.结果表明,掺杂CuCr2O4纳米粉体能够提高电池的光电转化效率,...     

NiAl_2O_4掺杂TiO_2薄膜电极的制备及其性能研究

采用醇-水共沉淀法制备NiAl2O4纳米粉体,将制备好的NiAl2O4纳米粉体以不同百分比掺杂到TiO2(P25)粉体中制成浆料。在浆料中加入OP乳化剂、乙酸分散剂,用丝网印刷法在涂有致密TiO2薄膜的FTO导电玻璃上制备掺杂NiAl2O4的TiO2薄膜电极。采用XRD、TEM、UV-VISI、-V伏安性能等手段对NiAl2O4粉体的晶相结构、形貌及NiAl2O4掺杂的TiO2薄膜电极的吸光性能、光电性能进行了表征。结果表明,将纳米NiAl2O4粉体掺杂到TiO2浆料中可以提高TiO2薄膜的吸光性能。当掺杂量为2%时,NiAl2O4/TiO2薄膜电极具有较好的光电性能,与未掺杂的TiO2薄膜电极相比,光电转化效率提高了17.4%,达到5.93%。     

在线常压化学气相沉积方法制备TiO_2自洁薄膜玻璃(英文)

利用常压化学气相沉积技术,在浮法玻璃线上制备了TiO2自洁薄膜玻璃。研究了水和氧气对薄膜沉积速率的影响,结果表明水和氧气的加入增加了薄膜的沉积速率。分别用原子力显微镜和X-射线衍射分析仪研究了薄膜的表面形貌和晶型结构,薄膜表面的平均粗糙度为84 nm,其晶型由锐钛矿和金红石组成。同时还研究了自洁玻璃的光催化活性和亲水性,随着紫外光照时间的增加,薄膜的光催化活性增加且对水的接触角由光照前的54°降到光照后的6°。     

TiO_2薄膜的亲水性及光催化自清洁效果

以溶胶-凝胶法为基础,在普通玻璃表面制备了具有纳米尺寸气孔、纳米及微米尺寸复合气孔结构的TiO2薄膜或TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜,并考察了它们的亲水性能及表面经空气中灰尘污染后,其超亲水性能在紫外光照射下的恢复能力。所有纯TiO2薄膜于制备后测试的表面水接触角均达到0°。SiO2的掺杂量较小（10%）时,SiO2的掺入增大了薄膜的水接触角,但随着SiO2掺杂量的增大,接触角减小,可达到超亲水效果。表面污染的薄膜经紫外光照射后,其超亲水性的光致恢复能力基本不受前驱体溶胶的陈化时间、SiO2掺杂浓度、表面形态的影响,但与薄膜的光催化活性有关。4层以上的薄膜或带有SiO2中间隔离层的薄膜由于可以抑制玻璃基底中Na＋扩散至薄膜表面,光催化降解灰尘污染物的能力较高,紫外光照射后均能恢复其超亲水性能。     

TiO_2纳米管制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法由钛粉和NaOH溶液水热反应合成二氧化钛纳米管,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线电子衍射(XRD)等表征手段对反应产物进行表征.该方法制备的二氧化钛纳米管长度为200~300 nm,管径为20~25 nm.采用丝网印刷技术将二氧化钛纳米管粉末印制在掺杂氟的SnO2导电玻璃(FTO)上,并进行热处理.随后,将印制了薄膜的FTO导电玻璃浸泡在染料中,浸泡一段时间后,将其与导电面涂了铂的FTO导电玻璃组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,并对电池性能进行测试.在模拟太阳光照射下,该电池的填充因子为0.43,短路电流为0.48 mA,断路电压为0.35 V,光电转换效率为0.07%.     

磁控溅射参数对钛薄膜结构及阳极氧化的影响

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在导电玻璃(FTO)上制备柱状晶结构的钛薄膜,研究了磁控溅射电流和基底温度对溅射钛薄膜微观结构的影响,分析了柱状晶结构对后续阳极氧化TiO2纳米管结构的影响.利用场发射扫描电镜观察样品的形貌,X射线衍射(XRD)分析样品的晶型结构.结果表明,随着磁控溅射电流的增大,钛薄膜的晶粒尺寸增加,致密度先增大后减小,溅射电流过大过小都会降低薄膜的致密度;在300～450℃的温度区间,随基底温度的升高,钛薄膜的晶粒尺寸增加,致密度增加,柱状晶结构更均匀.将磁控溅射获得的钛薄膜进行阳极氧化处理,结果发现:排列致密的柱状晶钛薄膜有利于生长TiO2纳米管.     

FAS-SiO2纳米复合薄膜制备及其憎水性能分析

采用溶胶 凝胶技术在玻璃衬底上制备出透明均匀的憎水性纳米复合薄膜 .实验表明 ,硅醇数量和SiO2 膜网络孔隙率是影响憎水性能好坏的主要因素 .H2 O/TEOS大 ,水解与缩聚充分 ,硅醇多 ,孔隙率高 ,SiO2 膜网络中驻留的氟代烷基硅烷 (FAS)多 ,憎水性好 .较佳溶胶配比是TEOS∶Ethanol∶H2 O =1∶10∶5～ 2 .5 .与硅烷偶联剂比较 ,FAS的憎水效果好 .FAS SiO2 纳米复合薄膜与水的接触角可达到 111° ,表面自由能小于 13mJ/m2 ,透光率大于 95 % ,薄膜附着强度大于一级 .薄膜表面自由能可以根据Fowkes提出的表达式估算     

多孔微球/纤维复合聚苯乙烯膜表面浸润性研究

采用静电喷涂法,通过调节PS/THF溶液的浓度制备了不同表面结构的PS膜,并通过场发射扫描电镜和静态接触角测定仪对膜表面结构及表面浸润性进行了研究。结果表明,PS/THF溶液的浓度是影响PS膜表面形貌的重要因素,而固体表面的化学组成和微观几何结构对固体表面浸润性起着重要的作用。在PS/THF溶液的质量分数为1%和10%条件下制得的PS膜表面,分别具有平滑和无孔微球与纤维复合的结构,表面接触角分别为96.2°和98.7°,具有疏水特性;而质量分数为5%时所制备的膜表面,具有多孔状的微米颗粒与纳米纤维相复合的粗糙结构,表面接触角高达153°,具有超疏水特性。此外溶剂的挥发性和极性也对表面形貌的变化也起着重要的作用。     

超亲水性TiO2/WO3薄膜的研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物配制出钛溶胶，向钛溶胶中添加以钨粉过氧化聚钨酸法制备的氧化钨溶液，形成TiO2/WO3混合溶胶，采用溶胶一凝胶浸渍法制备出掺入WO3的TiO2超亲水性薄膜。研究了各工艺参数对薄膜水接触角的影响，实验结果表明掺入一定量的WO3可制得良好的超亲水性薄膜材料。     

The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structure and Properties of TiO2 Films Prepared by Sputtering

The TiO₂ films were prepared on slides by dc reactive magnetron sputtering, then the samples were annealed at 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C and 550°C, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain the TiO₂ film crystalline structure; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the film surface stoichiometries; surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the contact angle was tested to indicate the TiO₂ film wettability; and the photocatalytic activity testing was conducted to evaluate the photocatalysis properties. The photocatalytic activity and contact angle testing results were correlated with the crystallinity, surface morphologies and surface ·OH concentration of TiO₂ films. The samples with a higher polycrystalline anatase structure, rough surface and high ·OH concentration displayed a better photoinduced hydrophilicity and a stronger photocatalysis. Funded by the National “863” Project Foundation (No. 2003LG0034)     

Room-temperature sputtered-SnO_2 modified anode toward efficient TiO_2-based planar perovskite solar cells

It is of the utmost importance to promote the charge transport and retard the heterojunction barrier in the functional layers and at their adjacent interfaces to pursuit excellent photovoltaic characteristics of the perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Here, roomtemperature sputtered-SnO_2 films are introduced to modify FTO anode for improving carrier extraction and aligning energy band in the TiO_2-based planar PSCs. For the SnO_2-modified substrate with suitable sputtering duration, the following TiO_2 film exhibits smoother surface roughness, less surface defects, and lower the trap-assisted interfacial recombination than that directly on the FTO, further facilitating the growth of perovskite grain size and promoting the extraction efficiency of charge carriers. On the basis of the optimized SnO_2(6 nm)/TiO_2 stack layer as electron transport layer(ETL), the PSC exhibits an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 21.45%, which is much better than that of the single TiO_2-based device(19.68%). More importantly, the cell with the bilayer ETL shows a long-term stability against air, maintaining over 76% of its initial efficiency after 40 d. These achievements suggest that this study provides a feasible path to design energy level alignment and low temperature ETL for highly efficient and stable PSCs.     

Effect of roughness on wettability and floatability: Based on wetting film drainage between bubbles and solid surfaces

Wetting film thinning measurement was introduced to clarify the wettability and floatability of solid surfaces with varying roughness. The wettability was quantified using the contact angle measurement combined with the dynamic force microbalance test between solid surfaces and water droplets, while the floatability was investigated by the bubble-solid surface dynamic attachment observation and the induction time measurement. The results show that the water contact angles reduce (14.53°, 12.74°, and 6.71°) with the increase of glass surface roughness, while the water droplet-glass adhesion forces intensify (11.1, 19.1 and 19.2 μN) owing to the stable wetting film. The distortion of the contact surface and the Wenzel state are the causes. In contrast, the hydrophobized surfaces have the growing apparent contact angles (38.08°, 69.81°, and 81.01°), declining adhesion strength and shortening induction time (863, 352 and 12 ms) along with the increasing surface roughness. The weak wettability and fine floatability on the rough hydrophobized surface is reflected in the fast wetting film drainage dynamics and three-phase contact formation, which may be attributed to the wetting film with short diameter on tiny rough nubs and the entrapped air in the grooves as a bridge between the bulk bubble and the solid surface.     

电流密度对TA2纯钛微弧氧化多孔陶瓷膜的影响

采用恒定电流密度控制方法,在碳酸钠-硅酸钠溶液体系中制备TA2纯钛微弧多孔氧化陶瓷膜,研究了阳极电流密度ja和阴/阳极电流密度比jc/ja对陶瓷膜的厚度和相结构的影响。实验发现,陶瓷膜的厚度随ja和jc/ja的增加都存在一个峰值;提高阳极电流密度,陶瓷膜中的金红石相TiO2的含量增加,而增加阴/阳极电流密度比,陶瓷膜中金红石相TiO2的含量减少,但有利于锐钛矿相TiO2含量的增加。     

交联型醋-丙乳液的合成及性能

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAC)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等为主要原料,TAC和HEA为交联单体,采用半连续预乳化种子乳液聚合法合成了醋-丙乳液,讨论了各工艺条件对乳液性能的影响。用激光粒度分布仪、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、静态接触角测试仪等测试手段,对合成产物进行了性能和结构表征。结果表明,单体质量比m(VAC):m(BA)=3:2、乳化剂OP-10和SDS总用量为单体的3.5%、引发剂APS用量为单体的0.6%时,单体转化率可高达98.3%,凝胶率可以控制在0.5%左右;交联单体TAC的用量为单体的1.6%时,聚合物吸水率为8.5%,膜与水的接触角为69.5°。     

Stable biomimetic film on Fe3Al surface for corrosion resistance in seawater

Stable superhydrophobic n-tetradecanoic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH) film was prepared by means of sol-gel and self-assembly techniques, with a very high seawater contact angle (158°) and a small sliding angle (<5°). There are many microconvexities with binary structure uniformly distributed on the surface atop the film with an average diameter of about 80 nm by observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the film surface structure is similar to that of lotus surface. The corrosion resistance behavior of intermetallic Fe₃Al with the biomimetic superhydrophobic film surface is improved obviously when compared with pure Fe₃Al sample by measurement of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Supported by the Excellent Mid-youthful Scientist Encouraging Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2006BS04021) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50672090 and 50702053)     

Cu-Zn合金仿生耦合亲水表面非线性数学模型

应用激光掩膜精细加工技术,在Cu-Zn合金表面构建了Patankar模型,使合金表面与水的实际接触角由光滑表面的82.5°降低到31.5°,亲水能力提高了62%。研究结果表明,Wenzel模型和Cassis-Baxter模型得到的表面特征参数与实际接触角的变化关系差别较大,并且线性回归存在失真。本文给出的非线性数学模型可以准确地反映表面特征参数与实际接触角的变化关系。