六方硼碳氮化合物的溶剂热合成与表征

采用溶剂热合成方法,以无水乙腈、叠氮化钠和四氟硼酸钠为原料,以苯为溶剂,在温度为400℃条件下,成功合成出了硼碳氮(BCN)三元化合物.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能谱(EDS)和电子能量损失谱(EELS)对合成产物进行了表征.XRD和SAED分析表明,合成产物为六方相,晶格常数为a=0.2678nm,c=0.6639nm;TEM结果表明,合成产物中存在纳米棒和四方柱状块体BCN;EELS和EDS分析表明,产物由B,C,N三种元素组成,化学式为B0.23C0.60N0.17;FTIR分析表明样品中存在C—N,B—C和B—N键,表明B,C,N三元素之间达到了原子级化合.     

碳化硅纳米材料的溶剂热合成

本文综述了溶剂热法制备一系列碳化硅纳米材料的研究,包括一维纳米线、纳米带、纳米棒、二维纳米片及空心球等;同时,碳源过量时可形成碳包覆碳化硅的复合材料。使用废塑料作为碳源合成了碳化硅纳米材料,为废塑料的回收再利用提供了新途径。通过使用碘、硫等添加剂,有效降低了合成温度,显示出溶剂热技术在制备碳化硅方面的独特优势。     

碳化硅纳米材料的溶剂热合成

本文综述了溶剂热法制备一系列碳化硅纳米材料的研究,包括一维纳米线、纳米带、纳米棒、二维纳米片及空心球等;同时,碳源过量时可形成碳包覆碳化硅的复合材料。使用废塑料作为碳源合成了碳化硅纳米材料,为废塑料的回收再利用提供了新途径。通过使用碘、硫等添加剂,有效降低了合成温度,显示出溶剂热技术在制备碳化硅方面的独特优势。     

溶剂热制备氧化锌纳米线

ZnO nanowires were synthesized mildly through an absolute alcohol solvothermal process at 120 ℃ for 12 h using ZnAc₂·2H₂O and NaOH as raw materials and PEG400 as a soft template. The cyrstal structure and morphology of the nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The results indicate that the diameter of ZnO nanowires is 40 nm, the length can reach 2 μm and the nanowires are of high purity, homogeneity and well crystallinty. The influence of the various factors on the formation of ZnO nanowires and formation mechanism were also discussed.     

溶剂热法合成ZnSe纳米球

以乙酸锌和Se粉为原料,环己酮为溶剂,于180 ℃反应24 h制得黄色纳米球ZnSe,其结构和性能经XRD,SEM及TEM表征.     

高活性晶面锐钛矿型TiO2纳米材料的溶剂热法制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,通过温和的溶剂热法制备了{101}/[111]-晶面共暴露(乙酸-TiO_2和无控制剂-TiO_2,即HAc-TiO_2和NO-TiO_2)和{101}/{010}/[111]-晶面共暴露(甲酸-TiO_2和氢氟酸-TiO_2,即FA-TiO_2和HF-TiO_2)的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米材料,对其晶体结构、形貌、比表面积、孔径分布、光学性质以及载流子(电子和空穴)的迁移和重组进行了表征,并对其光催化性能和循环性能进行了评价。研究表明,所制备的{101}/{010}/[111]-晶面共暴露的HF-TiO_2在光催化降解罗丹明B溶液(或对硝基苯酚溶液)的过程中显示了最高的光催化活性,其降解效率为97.35%(或68.57%),分别是FA-TiO_2、HAc-TiO_2、BD-TiO_2和NO-TiO_2的1.06倍(或1.09倍)、1.18倍(或1.14倍)、1.35倍(或2.33倍)和4.88倍(或5.80倍),这归因于其最高的结晶性、较大的表面能、优越的表面原子结构和表面电子结构、最低的光致发光强度、最快的电荷转移速率和最小的载流子复合率。     

溶剂热法制备纳米氧化镍及其表征

以乙酰丙酮镍、油酸、油胺为原料，十八烯为溶剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂，采用溶剂热法，在不同反应条件制备了纳米级氧化镍材料.通过X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction，XRD）、透射电子显微镜（Transmission electron microscope，TEM）、紫外-可见光吸收光谱（Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy，UV-Vis）光谱分析以及塔菲尔（Tafel）测试考察了反应物比例、保温时间、表面活性剂（PVP）、油胺的量对产物微结构、粒径、形貌、光学以及电化学活性性能的影响.实验结果表明：在反应物n[Ni（acac）₂]∶n（OA）=1∶2、添加剂PVP质量分数为1.66%、油胺物质的量为30 mmol、200℃下保温8 h时，可获得粒径约为30～40 nm纯相氧化镍，具有最佳电化学活性，交换电流密度为J₀=1.23×10^-2 mA·cm^-2.     

Engineering the Mesopores of Fe3O4@Mesosilica Core–Shell Nanospheres through a Solvothermal Post‐Treatment Method

A solvothermal post‐treatment method was developed to synthesize Fe₃O₄@mesosilica core–shell nanospheres (CSNs) with a well‐preserved morphology, mesoporous structure, and tunable large pore diameters (2.5–17.6 nm) for the first time. N,N‐Dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA), which was generated in situ during the heat‐treatment process, was mainly responsible for this pore‐size enlargement, as characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This pore‐size expansion can be strengthened with the aid of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), whilst the nature of the surface of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs can be easily modified with trimethylsilyl groups during the pore‐size‐expansion process. The hydrophobicity of the Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs increased for the enlarged mesopores and the adsorption capacity of these CSNs for benzene (up to 1.5 g g^?1) is the highest ever reported for Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs. The resultant Fe₃O₄@mesosilica CSNs (pore size: 10 nm) showed a 3.6‐times higher adsorption capacity of lysozyme than those without the pore expansion (pore size: 2.5 nm), thus making them a good candidate for loading large molecules.     

烷烃溶剂热法合成单分散硒化锌准纳米球

Monodispersed ZnSe quasi-nanospheres have been prepared by a hydrocarbon solvothermal route at 180℃ using decahydronaphthalene, zinc stearate and selenium as starting materials. The as-obtained products were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, elemental analysis and electron-diffraction techniques. Electron microscopy reveals that ZnSe particles prepared in decahydronaphthalene are monodispersed with an average particle size of 55 nm. The possible formation mechanism was investigated by changing hydrocarbon solvent. The shape and size of ZnSe particles depend on the structure of hydrocarbon solvent.     

Nanocrystals,Nanorods and other Nanostructures of Nickel,Ruthenium, Rhodium and Iridium prepared by a Simple Solvothermal Procedure

The solvothermal decomposition of nickel acetate in n-octylamine medium at 250 °C gives rise to nickel nanostructures while in a hydrocarbon medium NiO nanostructures are obtained. It has been possible to obtain nickel nanorods of 12–15 nm diameter by this means. By carrying out the reaction at a slightly higher temperature, ultra-thin single-crystalline sheets of nickel are obtained. The nanorods and the thin sheets, with the FCC structure, are both ferromagnetic at room temperature, with the nanorods exhibiting high coercivities. It has been possible to obtain ruthenium, rhodium and iridium nanostructures by carrying out the decomposition of the respective metal acetylacetonates in a hydrocarbon (decalin or toluene) or an amine (n-octylamine or oleylamine) around 300 °C. Nanorod formation is favored by linear long-chain amines. The method described by us to prepare the nanostructures of nickel, ruthenium, rhodium and iridium is simple and straightforward compared to the literature procedures, the preparation of single-crystalline thin sheets of nickel by such a solution route being noteworthy. The nanostructures prepared in the amine media could be readily dispersed in hydrocarbon solvents. Dedicated to Professor Dr. Günther Schmid     

溶剂热法制备小粒径无皂均聚物纳米胶乳粒子

采用溶剂热法，用过硫酸钾引发苯乙烯均聚，制备出分散性好、粒径约30nm的无皂聚苯乙烯肢乳纳米粒子。讨论了引发剂的用量、助溶剂丙酮的含量、反应温度对粒子尺寸及其粒径分布的影响。实验结果表明：在一定范围内，温度改变，粒径变化较快；引发剂、丙酮和单体用量改变时，粒径变化较缓慢。     

溶剂热法制备球状Ni3S4及其在超级电容器的应用

应用溶剂热法合成Ni3S4微米球,采用XRD和SEM表征样品物相结构、观察其微观形貌.电化学性能测试表明Ni3S4电极有较好的比电容性能,0.5和4 A.g-1放电电流密度下,其比容量分别为1120.6和433.4 F.g-1;1000周循环充放电后,其容量保持率为89.37%和84.88%.XRD、XPS和CV测试结果表明,其电化学反应机理为Ni(OH)2与NiOOH的相互转化.     

溶剂热合成法制备Mn3O4纳米粉体

溶剂热合成法制备Mn3O4纳米粉体;四氧化三锰;纳米粉体;溶剂热合成     

Synthesis of CdTe Quantum Dots with Tunable Photoluminescence Using Tellurium Dioxide as Tellurium Source

A simple and convenient method has been developed for synthesis of water‐soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) under ambient atmospheric conditions. In contrast to the traditional aqueous synthesis, green to red emitting CdTe QDs were prepared by using TeO₂ to replace Te or Al₂Te₃ as tellurium source in this method. The influences of experimental variables, including pH value, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/Cd and Te/Cd molar ratios, on the emission peak and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of the obtained CdTe QDs have been systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that green to red emitting CdTe QDs with a maximum photoluminescence quantum yield of 35.4% can be prepared at pH 11.3 and n_(Cd):n_(Te):n_(MPA)=1:0.1:1.7.     

溶剂热法制备立方状ITO粉体及其电性能

以乙二醇、乙醇为溶剂通过溶剂热法制备出立方状ITO纳米粉体,研究了反应时间、NaOH浓度对ITO纳米粉体形貌的影响,并讨论了溶剂体积比、NaOH浓度对ITO粉体导电性的影响及机理。结果表明：采用乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_EG：V_EtOH=4：1时,制备出分散性良好的立方状ITO纳米粉体,平均粒径为10.7 nm,且其XRD衍射峰强度比I₄₀₀/I₂₂₂最高为0.380;乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_EG：V_EtOH=4：1,且NaOH浓度为0.275 mol·L^-1时,粉体电导率最高为46.75 mS·cm^-1。     

溶剂热法制备立方状ITO粉体及其电性能

以乙二醇、乙醇为溶剂通过溶剂热法制备出立方状ITO纳米粉体,研究了反应时间、NaOH浓度对ITO纳米粉体形貌的影响,并讨论了溶剂体积比、NaOH浓度对ITO粉体导电性的影响及机理。结果表明:采用乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_(EG)∶V_(EtOH)=4∶1时,制备出分散性良好的立方状ITO纳米粉体,平均粒径为10.7 nm,且其XRD衍射峰强度比I_(400)/I_(222)最高为0.380;乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_(EG)∶V_(EtOH)=4∶1,且NaOH浓度为0.275 mol·L~(-1)时,粉体电导率最高为46.75 mS·cm~(-1)。     

溶剂热法合成硫化铜花状微米球超结构及其光催化性能

以氯化铜(CuCl₂•2H₂O)和硫脲(CH₄N₂S, Tu)为原料, 乙二醇(C₂H₆O₂)为溶剂, 用溶剂热法于140 ℃反应90 min成功制备了直径为2.2～4.8 µm由纳米片组成的花状硫化铜(CuS)微米球超结构. 用XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, HRTEM以及UV-Vis等手段对产品进行了表征|以氙灯和高压汞灯为光源, 亚甲基蓝为目标降解物评价了CuS超结构的光催化活性. 结果表明, 所制备的产品是六角相的CuS, 经计算, 其晶胞参数为a＝0.3813 nm, c＝1.6774 nm|所用溶剂、硫源、铜源及反应温度、反应时间对产品的形貌均有较大影响|UV-Vis分析表明, CuS微米球超结构的带隙能量为2.0 eV|光催化性能测试表明, 所制备的CuS微米球超结构在紫外光区和可见光区均具有较高的光催化活性, 但在可见光区的光催化活性更高, 在35 W氙灯和450 W的高压汞灯下, 光照30 min, 亚甲基蓝的降解率分别达到98.7%和82.9%. 此外, 还讨论了硫化铜微米球超结构可能的形成机理.     

Solvothermal Synthesis and Structure Studies of a Mixed-valence Oxochloromolybdenum Complex

Emerald green crystals of a new mixed-valence oxochloromolybdenum complex,Mo(OH)2(2,2′-bipy)Cl2.[MoO(2,2′-bipy)Cl3]2, were obtained in an attempt to synthesize the Mo-S cluster compounds under solvothermal conditions. The title compound was characterized by EPR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques. Crystallographic data: orthorhombic, space group Fdd2, a = 12.684(1), b = 21.518(2), c = 29.096(3)A, Mr = 1103.97, V= 7941(1)A^3, Z= 8, Dc =1.843 g/cm^3,μ= 1.514 mm^-1, F(000) = 4304, R = 0.0654 and wR = 0.1544 for 1944 observed reflections with 1 ≥/ 2σ(I). The compound consists of two different neutral molecules, Mo^IV-(OH)2(2,2′-bipy)Cl2 and MoVO(2,2′-bipy)Cl3. Both Mo^IV and Mo^V ions are in a distorted octahedral environment. The Mo(1)^IV atom is surrounded by two Cl^- ions and two O atoms from OH^- and two N atoms from a 2,2′-bipy ligand. The Mo(2) atom is surrounded by three Cl^- ions, one O^2- anion and two N atoms from another 2,2“-bipy ligand. The bipyridine occupies two cis-equatorial sites, while the Cl^- ions are located at the axial and equatorial positions.     

溶剂热法制备铝掺杂的氧化锌透明导电薄膜

采用溶剂热法在玻璃基片上沉积铝掺杂的氧化锌透明导电膜(AZO)。研究了前驱溶液中Al3+与Zn2+的物质的量的比nAl3+/nZn2+、溶剂热反应温度和反应时间对薄膜物相、形貌、可见光透过率和电阻率的影响。结果表明,溶剂热法所制备的AZO薄膜具有六方纤锌矿结构,Al3+不仅改善薄膜的导电性而且起矿化剂的作用促进薄膜生长,溶剂热反应时间的增加没有使薄膜显著增厚。采用溶剂热法可制备出可见光平均透过率大于80%、方块电阻小于500Ω的AZO薄膜。     

K2CdSnS4的溶剂热合成与晶体结构

利用溶剂热法合成了层状硫代锡(Ⅲ)酸镉(Ⅱ)化合物K₂CdSnS₄。单晶X-射线衍射分析结果表明,化合物属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=1.1021(5)nm,b=1.1030(5)nm,c=1.5151(10)nm,α=90°,β=100.416(12)°,γ=90°,V=1.8114(17)nm³,Z=8,D_c=3.209g·cm^-3,M_r=437.60,μ=6.853mm^-1,F(000)=1600,λ=0.071073nm,R=0.1042,wR=0.2008。该化合物由类金刚烷[Cd₂Sn₂S₁₀]^8-结构单元互相连接形成层状结构。紫外-可见漫反射光谱研究表明,化合物为半导体,带隙为2.2eV。