Sclerosing Stromal Tumor of the Ovary: MR-Pathologic Correlation in Three Cases

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a very rare sex cord stromal tumor occurring in a younger age group than other types of stromal tumors and most commonly accompanied by menstrual irregularity. Several unique histologic features including pseudolobulation, sclerosis and prominent vascularity are clearly reflected at ultrasonography and MRI. We report the ultrasonographic and MR features of three cases of histologically confirmed SSTs, and relate them to the pathological findings.     

MR Imaging of Pregnancy Luteoma: a Case Report and Correlation with the Clinical Features

We report here on a 26-year-old pregnant female who developed hirsutism and virilization during her third trimester along with a significantly elevated serum testosterone level. Abdominal US and MR imaging studies were performed, and they showed unique imaging features that may suggest the diagnosis of pregnancy luteoma in the clinical context. After the delivery, the serum testosterone level continued to decrease, and it returned to normal three weeks postpartum. The follow-up imaging findings were closely correlated with the clinical presentation.     

In-vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Adnexal Lesions

Objective

To explore the in-vivo ¹H- MR spectral features of adnexal lesions and to characterize the spectral patterns of various pathologic entities.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-one patients with surgically and histopathologically confirmed adnexal lesions underwent short echo-time STEAM (stimulated echo acquisition method) ¹H- MR spectroscopy, and the results obtained were analysed.

Results

The methylene present in fatty acid chains gave rise to a lipid peak of 1.3 ppm in the ¹H- MR spectra of most malignant tumors and benign teratomas. This same peak was not observed, however, in the spectra of benign ovarian epithelial tumors: in a number of these, a peak of 5.2 ppm, due to the presence of the olefine group (-CH=CH-) was noted. The ratios of lipid peak at 1.3 ppm to water peak (lipid/water ratios) varied between disease groups, and in some benign teratomas was characteristically high.

Conclusion

An intense lipid peak at 1.3 ppm is observed in malignant ovarian tumors but not in benign epithelial tumors. ¹H- MRS may therefore be helpful in the differential diagnosis of adnexal lesions.     

卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT特点,提高对本病的CT诊断水平.方法:分析7例经手术病理证实的卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤患者的临床资料和CT表现.结果:7例中肿瘤位于右侧附件区5例,左侧附件区2例.6例(6/7)表现为边界清楚的圆形、卵圆形实质性肿块,1例表现为边界清楚的分叶状实质性肿块,密度均与子宫肌层相近,病灶与子宫和肠腔分界清晰,5例肿瘤内可见散在小片状低密度区;增强扫描示肿瘤在实质期和延迟期呈缓慢渐进性轻度强化,5例肿瘤较大,其内散在小片状低密度区未见强化.7例中合并腹水6例,合并囊腺瘤、单发子宫肌瘤、多发子宫肌瘤各1例.结论:卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT表现有一定特征性,CT对本病的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

Malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary: imaging findings

OBJECTIVE: We describe the imaging findings of malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) of the ovary, which have not previously been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We experienced 13 cases of ovarian MMMT in eight patients. All patients underwent surgical resection and the MMMTs were confirmed pathologically. US (n = 8), CT (n = 8), and MRI (n = 1) examinations were performed before operation. Imaging features were analyzed retrospectively for bilaterality, tumor solidity (cystic or solid), size, and contrast enhancement of the tumor on CT and MRI. Presence of ascites and other evidence of peritoneal seeding, adjacent organ invasion, distant metastasis, and surgical staging were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were bilateral ovarian MMMTs in five patients and unilateral MMMTs in three patients. Two of the MMMTs were multiseptated cystic, and 11 were mixed (solid and cystic). The diameter of the largest dimension was less than 5 cm in one case, 5-10 cm in two cases, and larger than 10 cm in 10 cases. Dense homogeneous contrast enhancement of the solid component was seen in 11 mixed masses. Ascites were found in all patients. Other evidence of peritoneal seeding and direct invasion into adjacent organ such as the uterus or sigmoid colon was seen in five patients each. Pleural metastasis was present in one patient. Surgical stages were FIGO classification IIIb and IV in one patient each, and IIIc in six patients. CONCLUSION: Ovarian MMMTs usually present as aggressive, bilateral, large, solid and cystic tumors, combined with ascites, frequent peritoneal seeding, and adjacent organ invasion.     

Imaging of Ovarian Teratomas in Children: A 9-Year Review

Objective

Germ cell tumours are the most common ovarian neoplasms in childhood and, of these, teratomas, whether mature or immature, are the most frequently found. Mature teratoma is a benign tumour, whereas the immature type, although also benign, has a more aggressive course, with a propensity to recurrence. A review of the literature revealed that there are some imaging features that may help to differentiate between these 2 types of teratoma, although no systematic comparison has been made. The objective of this study was to review imaging features of ovarian teratomas in children and to assess differentiating imaging features between the mature and immature types of ovarian teratoma.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to our institution during a 9-year period (September 1999 to August 2008) with ovarian teratoma as confirmed on histology.

Results

Forty-one patients with pathologically proven ovarian teratoma were found. The patient ages ranged from 4–18 years at presentation (mean [standard deviation] age, 12.4 ± 3.4 years; median age, 13 years). Thirty patients (73.2%) were found to have mature ovarian teratoma, and 11 (26.8%) had immature teratoma. A component of endodermal sinus tumour was found in one of the immature teratomas. On ultrasonography, the appearance of the immature teratomas was purely solid in 3 (27.3%), mixed solid and cystic in 6 (54.5%), and predominantly cystic in 2 (18%). The mature ovarian teratomas demonstrated a predominantly cystic appearance in 22 (73.3%) and a mixed solid and cystic appearance in 8 (26.6%); there were no cases with a pure solid appearance. The prevalence of the more cystic appearance of the mature type showed significant statistical difference when compared with its prevalence in the immature type (P = .0008, χ² test). Other imaging features, such as size, presence of fat, or calcifications, did not show a significant difference between the 2 types of teratoma.

Conclusions

The predominance of a cystic component and a pure solid component in ovarian teratoma are significant differentiating factors between the mature type and the more aggressive immature type of teratoma.     

卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的：分析卯泡膜细胞瘤的CT特点,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的卵巢卯泡膜细胞瘤的临床资料和CT表现。结果：肿瘤位于右侧6例,左侧4例。肿瘤形态呈卵圆形类圆形8例,不规则分叶状2例。9例边界清楚,1例与子宫直肠粘连边界不清。9例密度不均匀,1例密度较均匀;1例内见斑片状出血灶,1例内见斑点状钙化。增强扫描示肿瘤轻度强化。10例中合并腹水3例,合并子宫肌瘤1例,子宫内膜增生2例。结论：卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT表现有一定的特征,具有良性肿瘤的形态特征,血供不丰富,增强后轻度强化。     

Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma simulating primary ovarian malignancy

A case of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) to the ovaries in a patient with prior grade I TCC of the bladder, which morphologically resembled a primary ovarian malignancy on computed tomography (CT), is described. Other tumors whose ovarian metastases can resemble primary ovarian tumors are also listed.     

Sclerotherapy of Peritoneal Inclusion Cysts: Preliminary Results in Seven Patients

Objective

To evaluate the technical feasibility and the clinical effectiveness of sclerotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal inclusion cysts (PICs).

Materials and Methods

Between June 1996 and February 2001, eight PICs in seven female patients aged 28-43 (mean, 36) years were instilled with sclerosant (povidone-iodine in three, ethanol in three, both povidone-iodine and ethanol in one). All seven patients subsequently experienced less abdominal pain. After drainage via an 8.5-Fr pigtail catheter inserted in the PICs (transabdominally in six cases, transvaginally in one), sclerosant equivalent in volume to about one-third that of drained fluid was introduced daily until the drained volume was less than 5ml. Follow-up by means of clinical procedures and ultrasound was performed every three months, at which time the success rate, possible complications and recurrence were determined.

Results

Sclerotherapy was technically successful in all seven patients, though immediately after the procedure, minor complications were noted in three patients (mild pain in two, mild fever in one). During the follow-up of 4-60 (mean, 24.7) months, sclerotherapy proved successful and without long-term complications in all seven patients: lower abdominal pain disappeared and the diameter of the cysts decreased more than 50%, with complete regression in four cases. During the follow-up period there was no recurrence.

Conclusion

Sclerotherapy following catheter insertion is technically feasible and effective for the treatment of PICs.     

卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT表现及病理特点

目的：探讨卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT表现及病理特点,提高对卵巢勃勒纳瘤的影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实的6例卵巢勃勒纳瘤患者的临床及影像资料,对肿块的位置、大小、结构、钙化及强化程度等CT表现以及对其病理改变进行回顾性分析。6例勃勒纳瘤均行根治切除术,术后未行放化疗,随访时间为术后3年。结果：6例肿瘤均位于单侧,形态不规则,密度不均,其中5例为良性,1例为交界性。良性者CT表现为囊实性,以囊性为主,内见分隔;其中4例增强后实性部分及分隔呈轻度强化表现,囊性成分无强化;3例合并卵巢囊腺瘤。1例交界性病灶呈实性改变,增强后呈中等度强化。全部病例中肿瘤实性部分均可见钙化。术后3年内CT随访6例患者均无明显复发及转移征象。结论：囊实性肿块的实性部分广泛多形性钙化及常合并卵巢囊性瘤为卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT特点,有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。     

卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断和误诊分析

目的 分析卵巢颗粒细胞瘤（granulosa cell tumor,GCT）的CT、MRI表现及误诊原因,提高对该肿瘤的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例GCT的CT、MRI表现.结果 10例GCT位于右侧4例,左侧6例.肿瘤最大径平均6.1 cm.全部肿瘤边界清楚,包膜完整呈圆形或卵圆形7例,不完整呈分叶状3例;肿瘤呈囊实性8例,实性2例.7例CT检查,平扫肿瘤实性成分平均CT值为35HU.3例行MRI检查,实性成分T1WI呈等信号,T2 WI呈稍高信号;囊性成分T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号.所有肿瘤实性成分增强后均呈中等程度强化.合并子宫内膜增生5例,腹水6例,同时合并子宫内膜癌及肌瘤1例.10例GCT术前均未能作出正确诊断.结论 典型的GCT多呈囊实性,包膜完整,边界清楚,增强后肿瘤实性成分中等程度强化;易合并子宫内膜增生及少量腹水.因对该肿瘤缺乏足够的认识、部分肿瘤缺乏典型的影像表现、阅片不够仔细等是导致误诊的主要原因.     

Transosseous air contrast CT-Guided needle biopsy of a cystic neoplasm

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a metastasis from an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma was performed using air contrast and a transosseous approach. Air contrast allowed identification of a papillary projection within the cyst, and the transosseous approach permitted direct and easy access to the lesion.     

Torsion of a normal adnexa in a premenarcheal girl: MRI findings

Torsion of the adnexa can be the cause of abdominal pain. An immediate diagnosis is very important because early surgical intervention is the only way to save the ovary from necrosis. Torsion of a normal adnexa is rare, but occurs more frequently than is generally appreciated. If US findings are equivocal, MRI can provide additional information. In our case the MRI findings leading to the diagnosis of ovarian torsion were: (a) A medial ovarian mass existed with dislocation of the uterus to the affected side with hyperintense, cystic lesions on T2-weighted images at the periphery of the ovary. (b) Beaked protrusion of the mass continuing in a band-like structure connecting it with the uterus obviously represented the Fallopian tube. (c) Low and inhomogeneous signal intensity of the stroma on T1- and T2-weighted images and lack of gadolinium uptake were indicative of infarction. Correspondence to: G. Ranner     

Angiographic aspects of renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the female genitalia

Selective angiography of the hypogastric artery was performed in two patients presenting vaginal metastases from renal cell carcinoma, in order to better define the extent of the metastases. In another case left renal angiography revealed an unsuspected metastasis to the left ovary, fed by a middle perforating capsular artery.     

卵巢性索间质肿瘤的CT表现与病理对照研究

目的 探讨卵巢性索间质肿瘤的CT表现并与术后病理进行对照分析,以提高术前诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的卵巢性索间质肿瘤的临床资料、CT表现、术后病理,对颗粒细胞瘤与卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤的平扫CT值与增强后强化程度ACT值进行比较分析.结果 (1)颗粒细胞瘤7例;(2)卵泡膜细胞瘤3例、纤维-卵泡膜纤维瘤11例12枚;(3)Sertoli-Leydig细胞瘤1例;(4)类固醇细胞瘤1例,在CT上具有一些特征性表现,且与术后病理相对应.颗粒细胞瘤与卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤的平扫CT值无明显差异(t=1.487,P=0.157),颗粒细胞瘤增强后强化程度△CT值较卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤高(t=2.528,P=0.041).结论 卵巢性索间质肿瘤具有一定的CT特点,符合其病理表现,结合临床资料,有助于术前初步诊断.     

Immature teratoma of the ovary: correlation of MR imaging and pathologic findings

The objectives of this study were to describe MR imaging findings of immature teratoma and to correlate imaging findings with histopathologic findings. The MR findings of ten patients (age range 12–29 years, mean age 19.0 years) with pathologically proven immature teratoma were retrospectively reviewed for tumor size, presence and characteristics of fatty content, presence and characteristics of solid components, and presence of ascites and implants. The MR findings were compared with gross (n=3) and microscopic (n=10) findings. Comparisons between relative amounts of solid components and histologic grades were evaluated by Spearman rank-order correlation. On MR images all lesions appeared to be fat-containing tumors with solid components consisting of numerous cysts of various sizes. Solid tissue exhibited a wide variety of signal intensities on T2-weighted images. Punctate foci of fat were identified in all lesions, whereas fatty fluid was observed only in two. Predominant fluid content exhibited signal intensities similar to simple fluid in nine lesions. Ascites was observed in six lesions, and peritoneal dissemination in three. Pathologic studies confirmed scattered foci of adipose tissue in the solid portions of all cases, and revealed numerous cystic structure formations in these solid components. The correlation coefficient between the amount of solid tissue and the tumor grade was not significant (r_s=0.266). The MR images of immature teratoma tended to show aqueous fluids and the solid components consisting of numerous cysts with punctate foci of adipose tissue, whereas predominant fluid is sebaceous fluid in the vast majority of mature cystic teratomas. Electronic Publication     

卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤MR特征及病理分析

目的：探讨卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤的MRI表现特征及病理学基础,提高对该疾病的诊断准确性。方法收集并回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤患者MRI资料,所有患者术前均行MR平扫及增强扫描。重点对病变内部结构、信号特征及增强表现进行分析归纳,明确其具有诊断价值的图像特征。结果本组13例病灶为单侧发病,1例为双侧发病。病灶最大径为3．4-14．8cm,平均约8．15cm;8例呈囊性（多囊者6例,单囊者2例）,5例呈囊实性,1例呈实性。8例囊性病变于MRI-T2WI囊壁及分隔呈低信号;囊实性病灶实性成份主要表现为低信号,其中并见多发小囊样高信号灶,其中2例形成较典型的“黑色海绵征”。MR增强扫描所有病灶实性成份及囊壁均呈中度或明显强化效应。结论卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤多为单侧发病,主要呈多囊性表现;肿瘤中实性成份及囊壁T2WI呈低信号,增强扫描呈轻中度强化。“黑色海绵征”是其较典型的特征表现。     

卵巢动脉参与盆腔病变供血的介入诊疗研究

目的 观察卵巢动脉（OVA）参与盆腔疾病供血的出现频次，评价经导管栓塞OVA参与盆腔疾病供血的安全性。方法 用前瞻性方法对96例接受髂内-子宫动脉栓塞或化疗栓塞的患者进行了选择性OVA造影术，包括盆腔恶性肿瘤63例、子宫肌瘤17例、产科出血性疾病16例，平均年龄46岁。有盆腔手术史者12例。既往曾行髂内-子宫动脉栓塞术者6例。存在一侧或两侧子宫动脉发育不良者8例，两侧子宫动脉发育良好者（除去手术和已行栓塞治疗的患者）70例。对参与盆腔病变供血的OVA进行了选择。降栓塞术，观察OVA参与盆腔疾病供血的频次、影响因素，评价栓塞OVA的安全性和临床意义。结果 96例中，两侧OVA插管成功者58例（60.4％），一侧插管成功者38例（39．6％）。选择性造影发现至少有一侧OVA参与盆腔病变供血者33例（34．4％），包括盆腔恶性肿瘤18例、子宫肌瘤5例、产科出血性疾病10例。33例中有盆腔手术史者7例，曾行髂内-子宫动脉栓塞术者5例，存在一侧或两侧子宫动脉发育不良者8例，两侧子宫动脉发育良好者13例。OVA参与盆腔疾病供血的高发因素有：与孕产相关的出血性疾病（X^2=6．73，P=0．009）、既往有盆腔手术史（X^2=3．55，P=0．04）、既往曾行子宫动脉栓塞术（X^2=6，80，P=0．009）、存在一侧或两侧子宫动脉发育不良（X^2=3．40，P=0．04）。对33例参与盆腔供血的OVA进行了栓塞术，操作成功率为100％，无重要并发症。4例与产科相关的出血性疾病，曾行两侧髂内-子宫动脉栓塞后出血未止，经栓塞参与供血的OVA后出血立即停止。4例介入治疗后出现一过性卵巢功能减退症状。结论 OVA参与盆腔疾病供血的发生率达34％。在行髂内-子宫动脉栓塞或化疗栓塞术时，如发现OVA参与盆腔病变供血，补充OVA栓塞术是安全和有价值的。     

大肠癌的卵巢转移问题

报告了我院1977～1986年收治结、直肠癌女性患者87例,其中发生卵巢转移7例(8％),患者的平均年龄49岁。原发肿瘤多位于乙状结肠或升结肠,并均已侵及肠浆膜。卵巢转移以双侧为多见。对其即使施行根治性手术,其预后仍不良。在大肠癌的诊断与治疗中,充分地估计卵巢转移的可能性,恰当地施行预防性卵巢切除术是十分重要的。     

低场磁共振成像对卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨低场磁共振成像(MRI)在卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤临床鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的卵巢巧克力囊肿22例,囊性畸胎瘤13例,分析各自的MRI表现特点.结果 22例巧克力囊肿术前诊断正确19例,其中3例术前诊断为囊性畸胎瘤,MRI诊断符合率86％(19/22);13例囊性畸胎瘤术前诊断正确12例,1例术前判断为巧克力囊肿,符合率92％(12/13).所有巧克力囊肿和畸胎瘤病例在SET1WI序列下均可见到病灶内高信号区.当使用短时间反转恢复序列(STIR)脂肪抑制序列时,所有高信号区可见不同程度信号减低;当使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像时,畸胎瘤内的T1WI高信号病灶在反相位图像上会出现明显信号减低区,而巧克力囊肿不会出现信号减低区.结论 卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤MRI诊断准确性较高.使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像对两者的鉴别诊断有特殊价值.