SOM‐based projection module for mobile displays

Abstract— The development of a compact, efficient VGA projection module to be embedded in mobile devices is reported. The design incorporates laser/laser diode (LD) light sources, Schlieren optics, and a one‐dimensional diffractive spatial optical modulator (SOM). During development, the optical parameters were determined and the relationships between the parameters to optimize the optical specifications were derived. The resulting optimized specifications enable us to manufacture two types of optical modu les as compact as 13 cc and with as little as 10% speckle contrast ratio.     

Holophrasted displays in an interactive environment

This article presents a general algorithm for prettyprinting and holophrasting interactively created objects. It is shown how an environment with knowledge of the entities it manipulates can automatically produce cathode-ray tube displays with more helpful contextual information for the user than a traditional display of contiguous lines from a source file.     

Advances in contrast enhancement for DLP projection displays

Abstract— Increased contrast ratios are essential to the continued success of DLP? products in the marketplace, from rear‐projection televisions and home‐theatre systems to large venue displays and DLP Cinema?. The contrast of DLP projection systems has increased steadily over the past 5 years due to improvements in illumination and projection optics, as well as changes to the DMD itself. The authors will present an overview of the contrast performance of DLP projectors over time as well as describe illumination and projection techniques that optimize the performance of the DMD.     

Light-valve technologies for high-definition television projection displays

For proper viewing, high-definition television (HDTV) images should be bright as well as large. Light-valve projection, whose feasibility is proven by several existing commercial devices (e.g. the Gretag Eidophor, the GE Talaria, the Sodern Titus, the Hughes LCLV and several Japanese liquid-crystal light-valve (LCLV) projectors), offers high resolution with large image areas and high brightness, and it thus appears to be most suitable for HDTV displays. The increasing availability of active-matrix-addressed liquid-crystal light-valve projectors for standard television, and the continuing dominance of ‘classical’ electron-beam-addressed light-valve projectors for the most demanding professional applications, are the starting points of a survey on the state of the art. After the two groups of light-valve projectors have been briefly reviewed, the major light-valve technologies are explained in some detail. Transmissive and reflective liquid-crystal light valves with various types of addressing are described first; the trend toward active-matrix addressing and high resolution is demonstrated. Commercial light-valve projectors with electrooptic and oil-film control layers are briefly introduced, and more recently developed technologies, such as metallized viscoelastic layers, deformable micromechanical mirrors, and polymer-encapsulated liquid crystals, are discussed. The author's research on deformable viscoelastic light-valve control layers for use in schlieren optical systems and on active matrices for addressing these is reported in some detail. The deformation behaviour of thin metallized elastomer layers has been analysed by the combination of the theories of electrostatics, linear viscoelasticity and thin plates; the calculated time behaviour and spatial-frequency response are found to be, at least in principle, sufficient for HDTV projection displays. Viscoelastic and metal layers have been manufactured by spin coating and vacuum evaporation, respectively; the deformation has been determined experimentally, mainly by phase-shift interferometry, and it is found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. Sample active matrices with picture-element densities suitable for HDTV have been designed and fabricated. In addition, the concept of a full-colour schlieren optical projection system for the above reflective VSLMs is briefly described. Finally, in view of its importance for the field, some general aspects of active-matrix addressing are briefly examined.     

Pearl: living media enabled by interactive photo projection

People capture more and more photographs leading to large personal photo collections that require much time and effort to organize. A lack of organization can have a negative effect on photo retrieval and photo sharing. In this user-centred design case study, we have explored new possibilities for organizing and sharing photographs. To organize photographs, the concept living media was created; automatic positive selection based on which photographs are viewed more often and viewed for a longer time. These photographs are apparently more interesting, and therefore, they will keep their appearance; less popular photographs will slowly fade to black over time. To share living media away from the computer, the device Pearl was designed. Pearl has an integrated pico projector that projects an interactive collage of living media in a living room. Interaction with the collage, such as deleting unwanted photographs from the collage, gives input to the selection procedure of living media. Placing Pearl at a distance creates a larger projection size, suitable for sharing photographs with a group of people. Our design is evaluated in two small-user studies, where we found benefits and challenges of using a combination of positive selection and pico projectors for photowork and photo sharing.     

Storage bins: mobile storage for collaborative tabletop displays

The ability to store resource items anywhere in the workspace and move them around can be critical for coordinating task and group interactions on a table. However, existing casual storage techniques for digital workspaces only provide access to stored items at the periphery of the workspace, potentially compromising collaborative interactions at a digital tabletop display. To facilitate this storage behavior in a digital tabletop workspace, we developed the storage bin mobile storage mechanism, which combines the space-preserving features of existing peripheral storage mechanisms with the capability to relocate stored items in the workspace. A user study explores the utility of storage bins on tabletop display collaboration.     

Smectic dynamic scattering in laser-addressed liquid crystal projection displays

Two viable methods of producing high-uniformity scattering, suitable for laser-scanned high- resolution light-on-dark contrast liquid crystal projection displays, are reported. The advantages of dynamic scattering over heat-pulse-induced scattering are outlined in terms of power consumption, addressability, uniformity and thermal management.     

A camera-based input device for large interactive displays

The Digital Vision Touch (DViT) system uses smart cameras to determine where a person touches a large display, thereby allowing intuitive human-computer interaction. The cameras process the collected images in such a way as to recognize various object attributes, such as location relative to the display in 3D space. The system can then use this information in feedback to the computer generating the display, enabling touch control of the application. When we touch-enable large displays, multiuser collaboration and the ability to detect pen or finger contact are desirable functions. DViT is a touch-enabling technology with this capability and facilitates human-computer interaction in a natural way. The system we created works with a variety of display sizes - both large and wall-sized formats - and accommodates multiple users simultaneously.     

Protocol design for interactive raster scan graphic displays

The requirements of a protocol for use with raster scan graphic terminals in an interactive environment are given, the principal requirement being that the terminal should work with any host computer system and programming language. A protocol fulfilling these requirements is described, with particular reference to cursor interrogation facilities, transmission resilience and cadence control. The protocol, by being used for a considerable period in graphics terminals in a wide variety of applications, has proved to have fulfilled the requirements.     

Colorimetric characterization of LCD and DLP projection displays

Abstract— Successful color‐management of projection systems depends on knowledge of their characteristics. In this study, two typical portable projectors were characterized. The projectors are based on different technologies, liquid‐crystal display (LCD) and digital light‐processing (DLP). Measurements were made with a spectroradiometer. The properties measured were spectral characteristics and the intensity of the primary and white colors, basic colorimetric characteristics, inter‐channel dependency, tone characteristics, color‐tracking characteristics, spatial non‐uniformity, dependency on background, and temporal stability. Based on the characterization results, the possibility of color‐management of the tested projectors is discussed.     

User-selectable interactive recommendation system in mobile environment

Mobile devices need to provide more accurate and personalized information in a computing environment with a small screen and limited information retrieval functions. This paper presents a user-selectable recommendation system that reflects a user interest group by employing collaborative filtering as technique to provide useful information in a mobile environment. We form similar groups by simultaneously considering a user’s information preferences and demographics. Then we reconstruct lists of a final recommendation based on what search results the similar demographic group has chosen. This is an optional filter for the search results. This means that we provide an interactive flexible recommendation list that considers a user’s intent more actively, rather than unilaterally. We show the Mean Absolute Error result to evaluate the recommendation and finally show the realization of a prototype that is based on both the iPhone and Android phone environments.     

VideoMap: An interactive and scalable visualization for exploring video content

Computational Visual Media - Large-scale dynamic relational data visualization has attracted considerable research attention recently. We introduce dynamic data visualization into the multimedia...     

Using ubiquitous computing in interactive mobile marketing

Unique features of handheld devices, including their mobility, personalization and location-awareness engender new types of applications for mobile commerce, such as mobile advertising. Mobile marketing and advertising applications deliver promotional information to consumers based on their preferences and location. In this paper, we present SMMART, a context-aware, adaptive and personalized m-commerce application designed to deliver targeted promotions to the users of mobile devices about the products they like while guarding the users’ identity and protecting them from any unsolicited messages. Promotions distributed by SMMART are personalized by performing intelligent matching of the user’s shopping interests to current promotions available at a retail site. SMMART can adapt to changing preferences of its user by inconspicuously monitoring his or her shopping habits. We describe a fully functional prototype of SMMART built for Pocket PCs running Windows CE with .NET Compact Framework. This paper also presents a study demonstrating end-user usability and economic viability of SMMART.     

Diffractive backlight grating array for mobile displays

Abstract— The display backlight unit (BLU) is the most power‐consuming subunit in mobile liquid‐crystal displays. The state‐of‐the‐art BLUs utilize scattering, refractive, and reflective microstructures to generate a uniform distribution of white light through the display. More effective means of transmitting light through the display color filters could be obtained by using diffraction, but previously proposed diffractive backlights do not fully utilize all the possibilities to design gratings effectively for optimal color separation and outcoupling. This paper presents a new pixelated diffractive backlight grating array as an approach for overcoming these obstacles in BLU design. A model array was fabricated to couple out red, green, and blue primary colors from the respective subpixel locations. The results show that it is possible to manufacture such an array and that the light couples out as intended, giving a starting point to design mobile‐display modules with low light‐transmission losses.     

Optical performance characterization of flexible mobile displays

The high interest in the display industry to produce curved or flexible displays for mobile, wearable, and television markets has raised concerns on the performance of displays in their bent state. Flexible display technologies have been developed for this purpose, but their optical characteristics have not been previously reported at various degrees of curvature. The measurement of flexible displays is possible only with special measurement arrangements using common display characterization devices. A conoscope with a working distance of 15 mm was used to demonstrate the curvature dependence of luminance, viewing angle, and color coordinates of the white point of a flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting display. The results show that the effect of curvature on the optical characteristics of the display is most evident at the smallest measured bending radii of +/?50 mm and that the effects are most visible when viewing the bent ends of the display, from the central normal vantage point, with uniform curvature along the display.     

针对多投影仪显示墙画面校正的图像对准技术

针对多投影仪显示墙画面校正问题中相机与投影仪间图像对准问题,提出一种基于自适应细分网格的稀疏对应点加密方法,可以得到任意光滑屏幕上投影图像与相机图像间的像素级对应关系。该方法利用改进的自适应4点插值细分曲线思想构造细分网格方法,可以将投影仪图像与相机图像间稀疏对应点网格加密到任意精度,从而建立从相机到投影仪图像间的像素级一一映射关系,为多投影仪显示墙系统的几何和色彩校正提供精确的图像对准基础。与现有算法的对比分析和虚拟机场塔台仿真系统中的实际应用表明,该方法具有较高的图像对准精度,并且无显式的需求投影仪、投影屏幕和相机的内部参数。     

基于SMIL的手机交互动画技术

文章提出了一种可供“智能”手机观看的基于SMIL的手机交互式动画技术，以构建、演播有别于当前动画主流的交互式手机动画。交互手机动画的最大特点在于实现了人与系统（乃至人与人）间的交互，这样用户不仅可以按照自己的意愿和动画主人公共同决定故事的发展历程，即从故事某一起点可以到达不同的故事结局（一般是树状结构），而且还可以针对故事内容参与交流活动，并结合应用策略制订出相应的技术路线。     

SOMAP: a novel interactive approach to multiple protein sequences alignment

A novel interactive method for generating multiple protein sequence alignments is described. The program has no internal limit to the number or length of sequences it can handle and is designed for use with DEC VAX processors running the VMS operating system. The approach used is essentially one of manual sequence manipulation, aided by built-in symbolic displays of identities and similarities, and strict and 'fuzzy' (ambiguous) pattern-matching facilities. Additional flexibility is provided by means of an interface to a publicly available automatic alignment system and to a comprehensive sequence analysis package.     

Linear discriminant projection embedding based on patches alignment

Dimensionality reduction is often required as a preliminary stage in many data analysis applications. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised dimensionality reduction method, called linear discriminant projection embedding (LDPE), for pattern recognition. LDPE first chooses a set of overlapping patches which cover all data points using a minimum set cover algorithm with geodesic distance constraint. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on each patch to obtain the data's local representations. Finally, patches alignment technique combined with modified maximum margin criterion (MMC) is used to yield the discriminant global embedding. LDPE takes both label information and structure of manifold into account, thus it can maximize the dissimilarities between different classes and preserve data's intrinsic structures simultaneously. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive experiments using three standard face databases (ORL, YALE and CMU PIE). Experimental results show that LDPE outperforms other classical and state of art algorithms.