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1两种效应在给定条件下的重复观测中,影响测量结果的效应,按其对测量结果的影响,分为系统效应( systematic effect)和随机效应(random effect)两种.系统效应指那些对测量结果的影响带有系统性的效应,例如:导致系统性地偏大或偏小,甚至偏大或偏小到某一程度,可以定量地给出一个值或一个可能的区间,如果系统效应造成的影响通过实验或通过信息可以估计出一个近似值,则就是测量结果系统误差的估计值而可据以得出修正值或修正因子,如果只知道某种效应对测量结果造成系统性的影响,未能估计出一个近似值,一般均能按实验结果或某些信息估计出所导致的分散区间. 相似文献
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浮计检定采用直接比较法,将二等标准酒精计与被检酒精计同时浸入同一检定液中,直接比较它们标尺的示值,从而得到被检酒精计的修正值。影响酒精修正值的不确定度因素有二等标准酒精计组、被检酒精计读数、检定液体毛细常数变化、被校干管不垂直及分度线倾斜、测量重复性。本文通过对这几方面的分析,从而评定酒精计修正值的不确定度,对日后的计量检定提供一些参考。 相似文献
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目的研究基于UV喷墨方法获得高质量的3D打印彩色外观。方法基于熔融沉积的成型方法,设计并加工不同打印层厚及倾斜角度的直角梯台模型,通过UV喷墨平台对模型表面进行标准色块着色处理,论述阶梯效应对喷墨着色涂层的影响机理,以及喷墨对于3D打印阶梯效应的修复作用,显微观察模型表面图像,并测量色块颜色的色度值。结果比较分析得出,打印层厚和倾斜角度导致的未着色条纹是影响3D打印模型表面喷墨着色效果的主要因素。结论通过UV白墨涂覆的方法可以修复阶梯效应,从而获得高质量的3D打印彩色外观。 相似文献
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脉冲响应法是测量吸声材料或吸声结构吸声系数的一种简单易行的方法,但使用单个传声器难以排除被测对象散射效应的影响,因此不能测量具有不平整表面构件的吸声系数。针对这一缺陷,本提出了一种用多个传声器同时测量反射脉冲的实验分析技术,可以排除被测对象的反射与散射指向性对吸声系数分析的影响,故可用来测量具有不平整表面吸声结构在各种不同入射方向下的吸声系数。用该方法在半消声室内分析了一种表面呈锯齿形的声屏障斜入射吸声系数,结果表明本提出方法可以满足工程应用的要求。 相似文献
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采用在平板表面开槽并铺设具有布拉格光栅的裸光纤来测量平板的表面压力,利用平板表面弯曲路径的凹槽,使裸光纤各测量点能实现独立测量;研究了粘贴剂弹性模量和凹槽尺寸对压力灵敏度的影响,利用有限元仿真验证了光纤平均轴向应变和平均压力值之间的良好的线性关系,得出可以利用光纤平均轴向应变来对平板上多点的平均压力进行测量的结论。 相似文献
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《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2018,113(9):1488-1506
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method. 相似文献
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A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils. 相似文献
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Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production ex-factory inspection trade 《中国标准化(英文版)》2008,25(1):24-25
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.…… 相似文献
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A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa. 相似文献
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The end of over unit products of more than Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits beer wine yellow wine fruit syrup wine others cover over % of the national top-branded liquor products.…… 《中国标准化(英文版)》2008,25(1):30
The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.…… 相似文献
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Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster. 相似文献
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On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.…… 相似文献
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N.A. Odintsova N.V. Ageenko K.V. Kiselev N.M. Sanina E.Y. Kostetsky 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2006,29(3):387
We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes. 相似文献
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David R. Smith F. R. Fickett 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》1995,100(2):119-171
Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability. 相似文献