新近吹填淤泥地基加固效果分析

针对真空预压排水固结法处理新近吹填淤泥地基工程,对采用不同长度竖向排水体的两个加固区域进行了现场试验研究,通过对比分析两个加固区的地表沉降、膜下真空度、孔隙水压力等现场监测结果及十字板试验、载荷板试验等检测结果以及室内土工试验所得的土体物理力学性质指标,得出结论:真空预压法处理新近吹填淤泥地基不仅可以达到一定的加固效果,而且通过延长竖向排水体的长度在一定程度上可以提高土体的固结效果。     

真空加载方式对排水板滤膜淤堵影响试验研究

塑料排水板滤膜的淤堵直接影响到真空预压排水固结法加固新近吹填淤泥的效果,而真空荷载加载方式是引起排水板滤膜淤堵的主要原因之一。通过室内模型试验,采用5种不同等效直径的排水板滤膜并通过控制不同的真空加载方式加固新近吹填淤泥。试验过程中对泥面沉降、排水板和土中不同深度的真空度进行监测,试验结束后测试排水板滤膜的渗透系数。试验结果表明:真空荷载不分级或者分级梯度太大,对真空预压排水固结法加固新近淤泥效果较差,排水板滤膜容易产生淤堵;排水板滤膜的等效孔径越小其淤堵情况越严重。排水板滤膜发生淤堵后其渗透系数将降低,对土体的排水固结产生不利的影响。作者建议:在真空预压处理新近吹填淤泥的工程实践中,宜选用较大的排水板滤膜等效孔,真空荷载宜采用分级加载方式,且每级真空梯度不宜过大。     

真空预压固结中排水体的排水性能研究现状

使用真空预压排水技术处理高含水率吹填淤泥地基时,为了提高吹填工程中高含水率淤泥排水固结的效率,归纳和总结了前人关于高含水率吹填淤泥真空预压排水固结处理技术的研究成果,分析了该技术中排水体的真空度传递性能和通水性能。分析结果表明:(1)排水体处于吹填淤泥中时,真空度在传递过程中损失严重;(2)排水体的淤堵、弯折,以及受涂抹、井阻的影响不仅使真空度传递受损,还会影响排水体的通水性能;(3)麦秸秆有着良好的渗透系数,可作为排水体的制作材料。     

新型防淤堵真空预压法室内与现场试验研究

 针对目前直排式真空预压法的真空应力难以到达深部土体,排水板淤堵严重,加固效果欠佳,难以满足工程实际应用需要的问题,提出一种新型真空预压吹填土地基处理技术--新型防淤堵真空预压法,是对直排式真空预压法的技术改进和创新,该真空预压技术采用防淤堵排水板,其滤膜为无凹凸结构亲水性材料,滤膜与芯材轧在一起,提高排水效果;此外采用无孔真空管、密封接头直接与竖向防淤堵塑料排水板密闭连接,形成水平密闭排水系统,缩短真空传递路径,减少真空度的沿程损失,真空度直达土体深部,加快土体孔压的消散,防止淤堵,提高加固效果。通过不同排水板真空预压试验,以及室内模型试验和现场试验对直排式真空预压法与新型防淤堵真空预压法加固吹填淤泥地基加固效果进行对比研究,获得不同排水板的加固效果和新型真空预压防淤堵加固机制,并证明新型防淤堵真空预压法的有效性,为该技术的应用和发展提供理论依据。     

大变形吹填地基排水体不良状态分析与对策研究

对无砂垫层浅层真空预压法处理新近吹填淤泥常常出现的水平管路淤堵和扁瘪、竖向排水板淤堵和弯折四种不良状态的现象、原因以及影响等进行了阐述和分析,指出其影响主要体现在真空压力传递损失加大,超静孔压消散速度减缓,强度和承载力增加缓慢,中下部地基加固效果偏差等。不良状态的存在降低了能量功效率,但经过3~4个月的预压固结,其效果是能满足工程建设对浅层处理的要求的。     

薄砂层长短板结合真空预压法处理吹填淤泥土试验研究

薄砂层长短板真空预压法是快速加固新近吹填淤泥的一种新工艺。研究表明,抽真空 90 ～ 120 d 吹填淤泥土层平均压缩量可达到 30% ,呈现明显的大变形特征;平均固结度可达到 80% 以上;强度增长明显,检测表层承载力可达到 50 kPa 以上。该方法节省用砂量,便于泥面插板施工,显著改善表层排水条件,能满足浅层快速加固的建设要求。设置护膜土工布有利于水平排水和膜下真空度稳定。设置薄砂层和长短板结合的竖向排水体形式,可平衡和抑制负压作用下新近吹填淤泥土颗粒的径向流动,避免出现排水板周围淤泥抱团而导致的径向排水通道堵塞问题,保障场地加固效果的均匀性。加固后吹填淤泥的物理力学性质得到大幅度改善,与正常淤泥质软土相比,其发展趋势和轨迹是相符的,主要指标值之间的相关性规律是基本一致的。     

不同加固方法处理吹填淤泥地基的对比分析

以大亚湾石化区填海工程中吹填淤泥地基加固工程为背景,探讨真空预压法和静动力排水固结法两种地基处理方法在相同面积、同一吹填口吹入淤泥的H1和I1地块中应用的情况。同时从地基沉降值、土体的物理力学性质、原位测试指标等方面,分析了真空预压法在H1地块、静动力排水固结法在I1地块的加固效果,比较了两种方法的优缺点。结果表明,静动力排水固结法更适用于该区域的吹填淤泥地基加固。     

超软土地基交替式真空预压法加固效果影响因素分析

针对目前常规真空预压法处理超软土地基时常出现的排水板易淤堵、加固效果欠佳等工程问题,提出一种新型的交替式真空预压技术.为深入了解交替式真空预压技术处理超软土地基的加固效果及其影响因素,对天津滨海新区新近吹填淤泥进行室内模型试验.试验结果表明,与常规真空预压法相比,交替式真空预压法可以有效防止淤堵泥层的加剧,使得土体加固...     

真空预压联合堆载法加固吹填淤泥地基室内试验研究

针对传统真空预压法加固吹填淤泥地基过程中,存在真空应力小,孔隙水压力消散过慢,深层土体加固效果欠佳,加固后地基标高不够等缺陷,提出了真空预压联合堆载法,即在真空预压真空度稳定后通过堆载满足后期机械进场施工之前宕渣所需的回填,分别采用5Kpa、10Kpa、15Kpa的砂袋堆载方式进行,以增加地基土的标高和总应力,从而增大了排水效率,快速有效的加固了吹填土。试验结果表明,采用真空预压联合堆载法能够加快孔隙水的消散,加速了土体的固结,加固后的土体剪切强度、含水量均优于普通真空预压法,说明真空预压联合堆载法能够更好的加固吹填土淤泥地基。     

工法介绍

真空预压加固软土地基 真空预压法系在地基表面铺设密封膜,通过特制的真空设备抽真空,使密封膜下砂垫层内和土体中垂直排水通道内形成负压,加速孔隙水排出,从而使土体固结、强度提高的软土地基加固法。 真空预压法适用于加固淤泥、淤泥质土和其它能够排水固结而且能形成超净水压力边界条件的软粘土。其特点为:①加固过程中土体除产生竖向压缩外,还伴随侧向收缩,加固后土的密实度高,加固效果好,特别适于超软土地基加固;②预压荷载不会引起地基失稳,荷载可一次快速施加,加固速度快,工期短;③施工机具和设备简单,作业效率高,加固费     

提高软基深层加固效果的措施

经过现场对广东某高速公路监测断面的观测及试验资料分析发现,排水通道形式对深层软基加固有很大影响。研究表明,不同竖向排水通道中真空度的传递规律是不同的,对地基的真空预压加固效果的影响也不同。最后提出了能够有效减少真空压力沿程损失和消除地基深层沉降的新型竖向排水通道形式。     

Clogging effect of prefabricated horizontal drains in dredged soil by air booster vacuum consolidation

The typical problem that occurs when the conventional vacuum preloading (CVP) method is applied to dredged soil is that the drainage is impeded, permeability is progressively reduced, and clogging occurs in prefabricated horizontal drains (PHDs). This paper proposes a method in which air booster through PHDs under vacuum preloading to reinforce newly dredged soil, and thereby solve the clogging problem. To evaluate the proposed method, several experiments were conducted using soils with variable degrees of consolidation and the effect on clogging determined. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared to the CVP method considering several variables monitored during consolidation and after consolidation. The results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the CVP as it more effectively alleviates the clogging problem. These findings could provide design criteria for dredged soil consolidation in similar projects and for scientific research and engineering practice.     

Analysis of ground deformation development and settlement prediction by air-boosted vacuum preloading

Vacuum preloading has been widely used to improve soft soils in coastal areas of China.An increasing amount of evidence from field operations has shown that conventional vacuum preloading is prone to clogging in prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs)and demands a large volume of sand fills.In recent years,air-boosted vacuum preloading has been developed to overcome these limitations;however,this method still requires more data to verify its performance.In this study,a field test for air-boosted vacuum preloading was conducted,and a large-strain two-dimensional(2D)finite element(FE)model was developed and validated against the field test data.Then,a series of FE parametric analyses was performed to assess key factors,i.e.the air injection pressure,the injection spacing,and the characteristics of cyclic injection,which affect the performance of the air-boosted vacuum preloading.The results showed that the ground settlement and lateral displacement of the soils increased due to an increase in the injection pressure,a decrease in the injection spacing,or increases in the number and duration of the injection cycles.Based on the parametric analyses,an empirical formula for ground settlement prediction was proposed and compared with a case history reported in the literature,showing good agreement.     

Experimental study on a dredged fill ground improved by a two-stage vacuum preloading method

The vacuum preloading method has been wisely chosen among many ground-improvement methods considering the time limit of many projects and the characteristics of reclaimed soil. However, the loss in vacuum with soil depth, the clogging around prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs), and the deteriorative consolidation of the deep soil layer, among other factors, create a large challenge to vacuum preloading for dredged marine clay fill. Thus, this study proposes a two-stage vacuum preloading method and focuses on its feasibility and effectiveness. Contrasting laboratory tests are performed in two identical experimental tanks with dredged marine clay fill from the Wenzhou land reclamation site in China. In one tank, the one-stage vacuum preloading method is used to serve as a baseline for this study. In the other tank, use of the two-stage vacuum preloading method is proposed for consolidation; it comprises two stages. In the first stage, the dredged marine clay fill is conditioned by vacuum preloading using half of the PVDs, where the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure tends to be steady. In the second stage, vacuum preloading is activated using all the PVDs. The results show that a better consolidation effect is achieved with the proposed method in terms of the settlement, vacuum pressure, pore water pressure, water content, vane shear strength, and soil particle microstructure after soil consolidation.     

Improvement of silty clay by vacuum preloading incorporated with electroosmotic method

A laboratory test was performed to assess the effectiveness of vacuum preloading incorporated with electroosmotic (EOM) treatment on silty clay (combined method) for reclamation projects like new disposal ponds, where the horizontal electrode configurations beneath the soil layer were possible and the drainage pipes and the prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) system could be easily installed in advance before the sludge dragged from sea bed or river bed was filled into the site. Three groups of tests were conducted on the silty clay from Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. The model is able to apply vacuum pressure at the bottom of the soil layer and a direct current electric field simultaneously. It is also possible to measure the pore pressures at different depths of soil column, and the changes in settlement and volume with the elapsed time. In this study, the vacuum preloading method, vacuum preloading applied at the bottom (VAB method), was applied and the cathodes were installed beneath the soil layer. The results obtained indicate substantial reduction in water content, and increases in dry density and undrained shear strength in comparison with those obtained by the vacuum preloading only, particularly at the positions close to the anode. The combined method utilizes the vertical drainage flow created by the electroosmosis integrating the horizontal drainage flow created mostly by the vacuum pressure. The total drainage flow can be calculated as a result of the vertical drainage flow by electroosmosis only and the horizontal drainage flow by the vacuum preloading only. The way of placement of the cathode and the anode in the combined method also overcomes the disadvantage of EOM method itself, i.e. the appearance of cracks between the anode and the surrounding soil. Moreover, it is observed that the vacuum preloading plays a primary role in earlier stage in deduction of free pore water; meanwhile, the electroosmotic method is more efficient in later stage for absorbing water in the diffused double layers o     

基于大变形的未打穿砂井固结理论研究

 吹填土往往具有含水率高、初始孔隙比大、压缩性大等特点,加固过程中渗透系数、压缩系数及渗流路径都会发生较大变化,加固过程中砂井以下土体在砂井排水通道和真空压力下也会发生固结。基于大变形固结理论,在流动柱体坐标系下,通过建立渗流连续方程,进而推导了能够同时考虑砂井加固层及下卧土层的未打穿砂井大变形固结控制方程,并采用有限差分方法对建立的方程进行了求解。结合黏土渗透压缩模型,利用研究成果对一吹填地基浅层加固工程进行了分析,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,证明了计算方法的可行性。     

软土地基孔隙水压力降低引起的压缩分析

根据土力学基本原理,分析孔隙水压力降低引起的土体压缩方式,并对真空预压地基的分层沉降现场实测值和理论计算值进行分析;同时,定量分析真空预压地基在不同深处单位压缩量。研究结果表明:(1)若按有效应力原理水土压力分开计算、地基土体中孔隙水压力降低时,土体竖向总应力维持不变而侧向总应力减小;(2)土体中孔隙水压力在相对压强小于0的范围内降低时,将引起土体等向压缩,在相对压强大于0的范围内降低时,将引起土体单向压缩;(3)南沙港区的真空预压地基若其沉降按欠固结计算时,计算值与实测值接近,自重应力欠固结引起的沉降是抽真空期间地基总沉降主要部分;(4)真空预压的加固深度随排水体深度增加而增大,土层压密效果随地层深度增加而减弱,故降低孔隙水压力法在加固软土地基中,设计排水体深度时应考虑最佳加固深度。