四季蜜杧夏梢结果母枝状态与其反季节花序质量的关系

为探索四季蜜杧夏梢结果母枝状态与其反季节花序质量的关系,采用调查分析与生物统计方法,探讨了两者的线性相关关系,以期为杧果反季节生产中培养理想的结果母枝、提高反季节花序质量提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)结果母枝长度与花序体积呈显著反曲线二次多项式相关;(2)结果母枝粗度与花序宽度、花序体积和一级侧花枝数呈极显著直线相关,与花序长度呈显著直线相关;(3)结果母枝体积与花序体积呈极显著直线相关,与花序长度、花序宽度和一级侧花枝数呈显著直线相关;(4)结果母枝叶片数与花序一级侧花枝数呈显著直线相关;(5)结果母枝叶面积与花序长度、花序宽度、花序体积和一级侧花枝数均呈显著直线相关,且各相关性的显著水平比较接近.     

四季蜜杜夏梢结果母枝状态与其反季节花序质量的关系

为探索四季蜜枉夏梢结果母枝状态与其反季节花序质量的关系，采用调查分析与生物统计方法，探讨了两者的线性相关关系，以期为枉果反季节生产中培养理想的结果母枝、提高反季节花序质量提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）结果母枝长度与花序体积呈显著反曲线二次多项式相关;（2）结果母枝粗度与花序宽度、花序体积和一级侧花枝数呈极显著直线相关，与花序长度呈显著直线相关，（3）结果母枝体积与花序体积呈极显著直线相关，与花序长度、花序宽度和一级侧花枝数呈显著直线相关；（4）结果母枝叶片数与花序一级侧花枝数呈显著直线相关；（5）结果母枝叶面积与花序长度、花序宽度、花序体积和一级侧花枝数均呈显著直线相关，且各相关性的显著水平比较接近。     

节瓜产量及主要果实性状的杂种优势与亲子相关分析

对21个节瓜组合及其亲本进行了杂种优势和亲子相关分析,结果表明,各组合产量性状普遍具有杂种优势,果实性状则表现不同方向杂种优势,相对优势指数变异较大;产量及主要果实性状的亲子相关分析表明,F1的产量与父本产量、中亲值呈显著正相关,F1的果长与母本值、中亲值呈极显著正相关,与高亲值呈显著正相关,果肉可溶性固形物则仅与父本值呈显著正相关。试验结果还表明,果实质量与果横径、果肉厚呈极显著正相关,果形指数与果长呈极显著正相关,果肉可溶性固形物与其他果实性状间不存在显著相关。     

秸秆覆盖还田对黄瓜土壤碳氮比和微生物的影响

以"津春改良2号"黄瓜为试材,研究了秸秆覆盖及地膜覆盖处理对温室黄瓜结果期土壤有机碳、碳氮比和微生物的影响,以期探讨秸秆还田的效果和内在机制。结果表明:覆盖0.72kg·m-2秸秆量和地膜处理最为理想,可显著提高黄瓜结果初期和后期土壤有机碳含量和碳氮比,能显著提高黄瓜结果初期土壤5种微生物数量和后期细菌数;土壤中细菌数与0~20cm处有机碳含量、碳氮比呈显著正相关,土壤20~40cm碳氮比与纤维分解菌数呈显著负相关,而与固氮菌数呈显著正相关。     

富士苹果树体营养与果实品质关系初探

根据在烟台地区选取19个优质富士苹果园，测试叶片矿质元素含量和对应树果实的内在品质的结果发现，果实中可溶性固形物与叶片镁、锰含量呈显著相关，硬度与叶片猛、硼含量呈显著相关，总糖与叶片磷、硼含量呈极显著相关，可滴定酸与叶片磷、钙、铁、硼含量相关，Vc含量与叶片镁、锰含量相关。同时，根据烟台市果园土壤养分现状，对生产中施肥应注意的问题进行了讨论。     

越橘新品种“禾韵1号”选育报告

“禾韵1号”是由美国引入的越橘中选出,属半高丛类型.果实中晚熟,在吉林地区7月下旬至8月上旬成熟,扁圆形,被白色果粉,呈蓝色,平均单果质量1.96 g,品质佳.结果枝条上呈串状结果,果穗紧密.抗病力和抗寒力强,丰产性好.适宜于吉林省土壤pH4.5～5.5、冬季绝对低温不低于-35℃(简易防寒)、无霜期110 d以上、≥10℃年有效积温2 300℃以上的地区引种试栽.     

大叶密节型黄秋葵新品系黄丰1号

黄秋葵作为一种特种蔬菜,栽培面积呈逐年上升趋势。黄秋葵以采收嫩果食用,故要求品种应具有很强的连续结果性能,单株结果数多,果实发育快。笔者于1992年围绕上述目标对搜集的黄秋葵品种资源进行筛选,发现黄902在生长势、抗逆性、结果率和产量等方面表现突出,只是群体中明显可分为两种类型,一种是裂叶短果型,另一种是大叶长果型,两者比较,以大叶长果型为优。以后逐代分离筛选,于1997年获得纯合的大叶长果选系,随即在生产上试种,表现优良,暂定名为黄丰1号。黄丰1号的主要特征为全株绿色,叶柄及主叶脉见光呈淡紫色,叶大,虽呈掌状五裂,但裂刻较…     

石硖龙眼结果母枝粗度与营养物质含量的关系

对石硖龙眼3种粗度(0．40～0．60cm、0．61～0.80cm、0．81～1．00cm)的结果母枝在花芽分化前后进行叶片的分析测定。并调查成花座果情况。结果表明，花芽分化前结果母枝在积累养分；花芽分化过程中，淀粉、N、P含量均呈下降趋势，可溶性糖、K、Ca含量则增加。石硖龙眼结果母枝径租与花穗长度、抽穗率、平均每穗果数均呈高度正相关。优良的石硖龙眼结果母技租度应达到0．7cm。     

不同基质栽培蛹虫草营养成分与酶活的相关性分析

以小麦、大米和柞蚕蛹为培养基质的子实体为试材,对比其多糖和蛋白质含量,并测定漆酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、滤纸酶、多酚氧化酶活性,以此分析各胞内酶活性与多糖和蛋白质含量的相关性,以期为获得高蛋白和高多糖的蛹虫草子实体栽培提供参考依据.结果 表明:以柞蚕蛹为栽培基质的蛹虫草中的多糖和蛋白质含量最高.利用双重检验分析发现蛹虫草子实体中多糖的累积与纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关,与蛋白酶活性呈显著负相关.蛹虫草子实体中蛋白质的累积与淀粉酶活性呈极显著正相关,与多酚氧化酶活性呈极显著负相关.     

报刊摘引

报刊摘引云南红皮梨品种——砚山红香酥梨砚山红香酥梨是从云南省梨品种资源中选育的果皮红色品种。其幼树树姿直立，大量结果后逐渐开张，呈自然半圆形。树势较强，萌芽力强，成枝力中等，对黑星病抗性较强。幼树大多以中、短果枝结果，间以腋花芽结果，大树则以短果枝结...     

Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of a sHSP gene involved in heat shock treatment-induced chilling tolerance in highbush blueberry fruit

Plant small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are abundant and diverse proteins involved in various stresses. In this study, a small heat shock protein gene (VcHSP17.7) encoding a 160-amino acid protein was isolated from the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VcHSP17.7 is a member of the plant cytosolic class II sHSPs; this finding was supported by the subcellular localisation pattern of a VcHSP17.7-YFP fusion protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the VcHSP17.7 gene was expressed in all analysed tissues. Heat shock experiments were conducted using mature blueberry fruit. The anthocyanin content was lower in heat shock-treated fruit than in control fruit after 14 days of storage at 2°C. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower in heat shock-treated fruit than in control fruit during subsequent low-temperature storage, which indicates that heat shock treatment may have alleviated chilling injury (CI) and enhanced the chilling tolerance of the blueberry fruit. Meanwhile, the expression of VcHSP17.7 in blueberry fruit was induced by heat shock treatment and gradually increased during subsequent low-temperature storage. These results suggest that VcHSP17.7 might be involved in the chilling tolerance of blueberry fruit caused by heat shock treatment.     

喷施醋酸钙对蓝莓果实发育过程中关键品质的影响

探讨不同浓度醋酸钙对蓝莓果实品质的影响,为蓝莓品质调控提供理论依据。以‘粉蓝’为试材,从盛花后10 d开始,并每隔10 d在选取的蓝莓树上喷施醋酸钙,醋酸钙溶液浓度设置为0.3%、0.6%、1.0%,以喷施蒸馏水为对照,研究喷施醋酸钙对蓝莓果实关键品质的影响。结果表明,喷施醋酸钙溶液可有效提高蓝莓果实发育过程中的可溶性糖、花色苷、总酚含量及发育后期类黄酮含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提升糖酸比,其中以0.6%醋酸钙处理效果最好,说明喷施适宜浓度醋酸钙可有效提高蓝莓果实品质。相关性分析表明,花色苷与可溶性糖、糖酸比呈极显著正相关,与可滴定酸呈显著或极显著负相关,其中以0.6%醋酸钙处理各指标相关性最显著,说明能提高细胞内糖含量的因素都可以不同程度地促进花色苷的合成。     

越橘水分生理生态研究进展

科学合理的水分管理是越橘丰产优质的基本保证,明确越橘水分生理特点,研究探明越橘需水觃律是越橘园科学管理的前提条件。综述了越橘水分生理斱面的研究迚展,分析了影响越橘需水量的内外界因素,在此基础上,对越橘水分生理生态研究的发展趋势迚行了展望。     

不同容器对蓝莓幼苗培育的影响

蓝莓是近年来发展迅速的一种果树,其幼苗矮小、根系差、抗逆性弱、种植质量不高。为改善蓝莓栽培效果,试验研究不同容器对蓝莓幼苗培育质量的影响。结果表明,快速控根容器是一种理想育苗容器。     

Analysis of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit water dynamics during growth using an ecophysiological model

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits exhibit three growth stages associated with distinct biological processes. During these periods, water and carbon accumulate in the fruit, determining quality traits such as fruit size and sugar concentration. We adapted the Fishman-Génard model to blueberry and used it to analyse the effect of fruit load on fruit fresh mass and water dynamics, based on empirical observations of dry mass and sugar content performed throughout the fruit growth period. Different fruit load treatments were imposed during two seasons on ‘Brigitta’ blueberry plants growing under different culture systems. Increasing fruit load significantly reduced the fresh mass of the fruits at harvest, but did not affect sugar concentration, which was simulated and validated with a mean error of 7% for fresh mass and 15% for sugar concentration for the tested conditions. The most sensitive model parameters were those related to cell wall extensibility and sugar uptake. The simulations indicated that larger fresh mass of the fruit was mainly caused by increases in water fluxes rather than pressure differences. The model implementation provides the first estimates of a set of parameters which govern blueberry fruit water dynamics from fruit set to harvest.     

越橘品种(系)栽培特性初探

该研究以吉林农业大学越橘园内78个品种(系)为试材,对其果实性状及产量等进行调查研究。结果表明:(1)越橘平均单果重0.49~3.73g,其中高丛越橘为1.13~2.92 g,半高丛越橘为1.01~1.97 g,矮丛越橘为0.49~1.33 g,杂交品系为0.67~3.73 g。越橘最大果重可达4.89 g。(2)果型指数为0.661~0.992,果实均呈扁球形。(3)越橘果实成熟期为6月中旬—9月下旬。其中早熟品种(系):高丛越橘品种有4个,半高丛越橘品种有4个,矮丛越橘品种有8个,杂交品系有8个;中熟品种(系):高丛越橘品种有18个,半高丛越橘品种有7个,矮丛越橘品种有2个,杂交品系有25个;晚熟品种(系):只有高丛越橘品种2个。(4)越橘单株产量为8.23~2632.00g。其中高丛越橘为171.97~2325.00g,产量高于1000.00g的品种有14个;半高丛越橘为553.93~2632.00g,产量均高于500.00g;矮丛越橘为8.23~1278.17g,产量高于500.00g的品种有6个;杂交品系为393.30~2465.03g,产量高于1000.00g的品系有25个,仅1个品系产量低于500.00g。     

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) on the fruit ripening characters of rabbiteye blueberry

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) application on rabbiteye blueberry fruit quality during the growth period was investigated. Ethephon treatment stimulated the decrement of titratable acidity, anthocyanin accumulation and fruit softening 4 days after treatment and the promoting effects continued through the investigation period. The ripening promotion effect of ethephon on total soluble solids content was observed only 8 days after treatment. Ethephon treatment did not affect the fruit enlargement during the investigation period. From these results, it is concluded that ethephon application for rabbiteye blueberry promote the fruit ripening, but the stimulatory effects of ethephon on fruit ripening were different in degree on each ripening characters.     

越橘新品种‘禾韵2号’选育报告

‘禾韵2号’,由美国引入的越橘中选出,属半高丛类型。果实极晚熟,在吉林地区8月下旬成熟。果实扁圆形,呈蓝色,被白色果粉,平均单果质量1.8g,品质佳。结果枝条上呈串状结果,果穗紧密。抗病力和抗寒力强,丰产性好。该品种2010年10月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。适宜于吉林省土壤pH值4.2～6.0、冬季绝对低温不低于-30℃、无霜期110d以上、≥10℃积温2300℃以上的地区引种试栽,须简易防寒。     

不同施肥措施对蓝莓植株生长及果实品质的影响

对伯克利蓝莓生长的3个关键期即发芽前、初夏、秋季时,施用3种肥料即硫酸铵、磷酸二铵、氮磷钾复合肥,每株按3个不同的施肥总量即25g、50g、100g进行搭配施肥试验,研究对蓝莓植株生长与果实品质的影响。结果表明,以施用NPK复合肥每株50g,分春夏秋3次分施时,蓝莓的株高、冠幅、新梢长度等生长状况,单果重、单株产量,果实的可溶性固形物含量、有机酸含量、Vc含量等品质指标均最佳。