4种方法预防仔猪黄、白痢试验效果观察

通过A、B、C、D4种方法对仔猪黄、白痢进行预防，结果表明：B、C、D3组比A组发病率分别减少51．73、61．33和64．81个百分点，死亡率分别降低8．91、14．13和18．26个百分点，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；B组仔猪平均断奶重高于A组10．69％，差异显著（P〈0．05）；C、D两组仔猪平均断奶重分别高于A组20．68％、21．24％，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；C、D两组的发病率均极显著地低于B组（P〈0．01），C组死亡率比B组减少5．22个百分点，差异显著（P〈0．05），D组死亡率比B组减少9．35个百分点，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；C、D两组仔猪平均断奶重高于B组9．02％、9．53％，差异均显著（P〈0．05）；D组的发病率、死亡率均显著低于C组（P〈0．05），D组仔猪平均断奶重高于C组0．47％，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；另外预防和治疗费用B、C、D3组分别比A组低1．04、0．71、0．64元／头，其中以B组费用最低，仅为0．09元／头。     

肉种鸭蛋重对孵化率的影响

对樱桃谷35周龄SM3肉种鸭蛋按蛋重分4组（A、B、C、D）,相应为：84～87g、88-91g、92～95g、96～99g,使用41所孵化器入孵,在孵化不同时期测定各项孵化指标。测定和分析结果,35周龄不同蛋重各组孵化指标：受精率比较分别为90．7％、90．32％、89．42％、91．80％,统计分析各组差异不显著;入蛋孵化率比较分别为87,53％、87．06％、83．6％、83．07％,统计分析,A、B组与C、D组差异显著（P〈0．05）;受精蛋孵化率比较分别为96．5％、96．32％、93．49％、90．49％,统计分析A、B组与C组差异显著（P〈0．05）,A、B组与D组差异极显著（P〈0．01）,C与D组差异显著（P〈0．05）;受精蛋健雏率比较分别为95．0％、95．09％、88．56％、87．32％,统计分析,A、B组与C、D组差异极显著（P〈0．01）;死胚率比较分别为0．03％、0．03％、0．06％、0．09％,统计分析,A、B组间无差异,A、B组与C组差异显著（P〈0．05）,A、B组与D组差异极显著。     

4种教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻和皮毛的影响

试验选取160头体重7．02．4±0．505kg的健康断奶仔猪,随机分4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。分别饲喂粉料^组、扮料B组、颗粒料C组和粉料D组。结果表明：断奶后10d试验期内,扮料A组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于粉料B组和颗柱料C组（P〈0．05）,与粉料D组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;粉料B组和颗粒料C组采食量．日增重均差异显著（P〈0．05）。粉料A组仔猪料肉比与扮料B组和颗粒料C组差异均显著（P〈0．0,5）,与粉料D组相比,粉料A组料肉比降低4．76％。腹泻率和腹泻指数粉料A组和粉料D组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与粉料B组和颗拉料C组间差异显著（P〈0．05）。除颗粒料C组皮毛指数与各组存在显著差异外（P〈0．05）,各组间均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。以上结果表明,粉料A和粉料D提高断奶仔猪生产性能、降低仔猪腹泻率、生产效果最佳。     

4种教槽料对乳猪生长性能、腹泻和皮毛的影响

试验选取胎次相近（2～3胎）和分娩日龄相差7d左右的长×大二元母猪24头．随机分为4个处理组．各处理组哺乳仔猪从5日龄开始补料,分别饲喂A、B、C和D4种教槽料。结果表明：母猪从分娩到断奶期间总采食量个体间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。1～4d和4～21d．仔猪日增重和采食量无显著差异（P〉0．05）;4～28d和全程（1＋28d）仔猪日增重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。21～28d生长阶段,B组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于A、C和D组（P〈0．05）：B组公猪日增重显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;B组母猪日增重显著高于A、C和D组（P〈0．05）;负增重比例,B组较其他3组最低。仔猪在各阶段腹泻率差异均不显著（P〉0．05）：断奶后7d．B和C组腹泻仔猪与D和A组差异显著（P〈0．05）。B和C组的仔猪皮毛光滑程度高于A和D组。以上结果表明B组教槽料对仔猪生产性能和减少腹泻情况的效果最好．     

南方夏季水帘降温系统对发酵床猪舍与传统猪舍空气质量的影响

本文旨在探讨南方夏季高温高湿环境下发酵床猪舍采用水帘降温系统的可行性。试验在发酵床猪舍和传统猪舍同时进行,夏季高温高湿环境下,启用水帘降温系统,试验期63d,监测两栋猪舍内3个区域（A区靠近水帘端、B区猪舍中央、C区靠近风机端）的温湿度分布特点、舍内空气微生物数量和氨气浓度。结果表明,采取水帘降温系统后,发酵床舍温度降低1．79℃～4．23℃,两栋猪舍3个区域温度分布特点相同,即靠近水帘端最低,发酵床猪舍中央比水帘端高0．58℃～1．04℃,风机端比水帘端高1．51℃。2．49℃。发酵床舍内细菌总数和大肠杆菌数均显著高于传统舍（P〈0．05）。发酵床舍与传统舍的舍内氨气浓度分别为（6．56±0．32）mg／m3,（8．55±0．82）mg／m3,差异显著（P〈0．05）。南方夏季发酵床猪舍采取水帘降温后,可以有效降低舍内温度和氨气浓度,但细菌总数和大肠杆菌数均显著高于传统舍,尤其是靠近风机端。     

中药合剂对雏鸡淋巴细胞培养的免疫抑制效果研究

60只健康雏鸡随机分为A、B、C、D四组，每组15只。9日龄时，C、D两组人工感染传染性法氏囊炎病毒（IBDV），复制动物免疫抑制模型；B、D组同时饲喂中药；A组设为对照组。结果表明：免疫抑制的D组和A组在给药3d后淋巴细胞转化率显著高于C组（P〈0．01）；喂药7d后，B组转化率显著高于A组（P〈0．05）；中药合剂直接刺激A、C组的淋巴细胞，中药浓度为1：1000细胞转化率最高，显著高于0、1：100、1：500（P〈0．01），略高于1：2000（P〈0．05）；ELISA检测中，D组IL-2水平显著高于C组（P〈0．01），但与A组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。实验提示该中药合剂可有效缓解免疫抑制病，增强机体免疫力。     

饲粮蛋自源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×（大×长）三元杂交断奶仔猪。随机分为4组：A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉（DPS）、大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉（SDPP）部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮（玉米-豆粕-鱼粉）。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示：试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13．18％（P〈0．05）;A组、C组分别比对照组高11．53％（P〈0．05）、4．43％（P〈0．05）;B组和A组日增重差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但均显著高于C组,分别高8．38％（P〈0．05）、6．80％（P〈0．05）。B组日采食量比对照组高4．82％（P〈0．05）,A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势（P〉0．05）。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期（25日龄）断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉（P〈0．05）。     

双乙酸钠对肉鸭生产性能的影响

选用一日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭新生雏90只，随机分为3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复10只肉鸭，试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计。A组饲喂基础日粮，B、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0．2％、0.4％的双乙酸钠。结果表明：日粮中添加双乙酸钠对提高肉鸭日增重、胸肌率、腿肌率有显著影响（P〈0．05）；对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响（P〈0．01）；对肉鸭的成活率、屠宰率和皮脂率无显著影响（P〉0．05）。B组日增重比A组提高了8．65％（P〈0．05），比C组提高了5_45％（P〉0．05）；B组料重比较A组降低了11．52％（P〈0．01），较C组降低了3．29％（P〉0．05）：B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1．04、1．06元。     

青年荷斯坦牛黄体发育状况对胚胎移植妊娠率的影响

本文阐述了青年荷斯坦牛胚胎移植受体的选择以及黄体鉴定标准，并针对黄体发育状况和月龄对移植妊娠率的影响进行了试验研究。研究表明：A、B级黄体均为可移植黄体，移植妊娠率差异不显著（P〉0．05）；C级黄体移植妊娠率为27．27％，显著低于A、B级黄体（P〈0．05）；D级黄体为不可用黄体。15月龄以下受体牛的可用率极显著低于16月龄以上受体牛（P〈0．01），但各月龄的可用受体牛的移植妊娠率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

四川省不同产地和季节银合欢的营养价值评价

试验对四川省银合欢主产区（西昌宁南县）和非主产区（雅安市、遂宁市）等地按季节变化采样,测定分析银合欢枝叶中常规营养成分、含羞草素、氯基酸的含量。试验结果表明：①四川省不同产地银合欢枝叶属蛋白质饲料（风干基础）;②除灰分、西昌与雅安的初水和粗纤维、遂宁与西昌和雅安的钙含量差异显著外,三产地其余成分含量差异不显著（P〈0．05）;③四川省不同季节银合欢属蛋白质饲料（风干基础）,夏季银合欢枝叶初水含量与秋季差异显著,夏季粗蛋白含量显著高于春秋两季,春季粗纤维含量极显著低于秋季（P〈0．01）,显著低于夏季,秋季的Ash含量显著高于春夏两季（P〈0．05）;④枝叶中含羞草素含量：遂宁地区银合欢的含羞草素显著低于西昌地区、雅安地区,夏季显著高于春秋两季（P〈0．05）;⑤枝叶与种子中Lys含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,枝叶、种子中氨基酸含量与英中对应的氯基酸含量存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,His、Arg、Asp、Ser、Glu、Gly、Mimo含量在种子中显著高于枝叶中,其余氨基酸含量在枝叶中显著高于种子中（P〈0．05）,Met是银合欢的第一限制性氨基酸。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.