催化裂化烟气脱硫实验研究

近年来催化裂化原料油的硫含量不断增加,导致催化剂再生烟气中的二氧化硫含量增加。国外已工业化的催化裂化烟气脱硫技术有Belco公司的LABSORBTM工艺,国内有中石化洛阳工程有限公司的RASOC技术。通过对上述两种方法的分析比较并结合传统钠法,开发一种新的催化裂化装置再生烟气脱硫工艺。通过对亚硫酸钠脱硫废液的处理,回收其中的无水亚硫酸钠,母液循环回脱硫系统再次使用,形成一种回收亚硫酸钠的循环烟气脱硫工艺。在实验室内以小型填料塔为吸收塔,在吸收液初始量浓度为0.3～0.5 mol/L条件下考察吸收剂的pH值、液气比、催化剂颗粒对脱硫率的影响,同时考察了吸收剂的再生情况。结果表明:在吸收剂pH值为6.5～7.0,液气比为2～3 L/m3,吸收液初始量浓度为0.3～0.5 mol/L时脱硫率可达到90%以上。回收的无水亚硫酸钠产品可以达到工业级,再生的吸收剂脱硫率与新鲜液效果相当。     

影响可再生烟气脱硫工艺的操作因素

利用可再生脱硫剂脱除FCC再生烟气中的SOx,考察解吸方式和解吸效果、吸收温度、液气比、吸收塔理论塔板数等对烟气脱硫效果影响,结果表明在40-60℃温度、液气比1-6 kg／m3,理论塔板数为1- 4、烟气流量为1．8 m3／h的条件下操作,对SO2含量为3 000-5 000 mg／m3的烟气,脱硫率大于90％。     

控制催化裂化再生烟气中SOx排放的技术

探讨了控制催化裂化再生烟气中SOx 排放的技术,并对三种不同工艺的特点进行了对比.这些技术包括再生烟气处理、使用SOx转移剂和催化裂化原料加氢处理.再生烟气处理投资较大,SOx脱除率高达90%左右.原料加氢处理投资最高,SOx脱除率与再生烟气处理相近,但产品收率和品质得到改善.使用SOx转移助剂除了助剂本身费用外基本不需要投资,SOx脱除率40%～80%.一般地,催化裂化进料硫含量小于0.5%时,使用SOx转移助剂;硫含量为0.5%～1.5%时,采用再生烟气处理方法;硫含量大于1.5%时,采用催化裂化原料加氢处理或BELCO公司的可再生式湿法碱洗的方法.     

FCC再生烟气中CO2捕集技术的试验研究

根据FCC再生烟气特点,应用化学吸收法对烟气中CO2进行捕集。在 2 m3/h烟气中CO2捕集试验装置上对烟气中CO2捕集技术进行试验研究,结果表明：FCC再生烟气中CO2捕集的适宜工艺条件为：吸收剂质量分数15%～30%,吸收温度60~70 ℃,解吸温度90~120 ℃,气液体积比70~250,吸收液为全回流状态。在上述条件下,采用开发的新型吸收剂CHA,烟气中CO2的捕集率达95%,解吸率达80%。与单乙醇胺吸收剂相比,CHA的吸收速率相当,解吸能耗低,对设备的腐蚀性小,腐蚀速率仅为0.013 6 mm/a,同样条件下MEA的腐蚀速率为0.032 5 mm/a。烟气中的SO2对CO2的捕集效果影响较大,在CO2捕集前应先脱除。     

中国石化石油化工科学研究院新型脱硫脱硝环保助剂烟气净化效果显著

正近日,中国石化石油化工科学研究院(简称石科院)开发的RDNOx-PC2脱硝助剂和增强型RFS09硫转移剂在中国石化安庆分公司(简称安庆石化)催化裂解装置成功应用,可有效控制外排烟气中NOx和SOx浓度,使满足环保要求。近期安庆石化催化裂解装置采用的工艺及原料发生变化,造成烟气中NOx和SOx含量大幅增加,但装置尚无烟气后处理设施,使污染物超标排放风险激增,因此提出紧急试用新型脱硫脱硝助剂的需求。RDNOx-PC2助剂采用独特的复     

FCC再生烟气中CO_2捕集技术的试验研究

根据FCC再生烟气特点,应用化学吸收法对烟气中CO2进行捕集。在2m3/h烟气中CO2捕集试验装置上对烟气中CO2捕集技术进行试验研究,结果表明,FCC再生烟气中CO2捕集的适宜工艺条件为:吸收剂质量分数15%~30%,吸收温度60~70℃,解吸温度90~120℃,气液体积比100~250,吸收液为全回流状态。在上述条件下,采用开发的新型吸收剂CHA,烟气中CO2的捕集率达95%,解吸率达80%。与单乙醇胺吸收剂(MEA)相比,CHA的吸收速率相当,解吸能耗低,对设备的腐蚀性小,腐蚀速率仅为0.013 6mm/a,同样条件下MEA的腐蚀速率为0.032 5mm/a。烟气中的SO2对CO2的捕集效果影响较大,在CO2捕集前应先脱除。     

可再生烟气脱硫工艺试验研究

在实验室中对可再生烟气脱硫(LFDS)工艺进行了工艺试验条件考察。结果表明，在吸收温度40℃，2块理论塔板的缓和条件下，脱硫率仍可达95％以上，吸收剂性能稳定，适于长周期运转。     

硫转移助剂的研制及工业放大生产

为了降低FCC烟气中SOx的排放量,满足环保要求,研制开发了硫转移助剂（NL-SOx）并进行了工业试生产。经固定流化床试验装置和小型提升管试验装置评定结果表明,该助剂具有较好的脱硫性能。达到或超过了国外同类助剂（De-SOx）的水平。一般来说,在基础剂中加入2%左右的助剂,可脱除FCC烟气中50%以上的SOx,该助剂的使用对操作条件和产品分布基本上没有影响。     

催化裂化烟气钠法脱硫技术问题分析与对策

催化裂化烟气钠法脱硫技术可以实现烟气净化达标排放,但是面临脱硫含盐污水排放超标和受限、新鲜水消耗量大和吸收塔(洗涤塔)顶部局部严重腐蚀等问题。采取的主要对策有:催化裂化原料加氢预处理可以有效降低焦炭产率,烟气中SOx质量浓度可降低80%以上;硫转移催化剂(助剂)SOx脱除率可以达到50%以上。催化裂化烟气钠法脱硫含盐污水排放是一个亟待解决的问题,如果把硫转移催化剂(助剂)与催化裂化烟气钠法脱硫技术结合起来,实现最大限度减少脱硫含盐污水排放,至少可减少50%的NaOH消耗和50%的Na2SO4排放;如果对脱硫含盐污水排放限制进一步严格控制,则可以通过增设亚硫酸钠回收系统或硫酸钠回收系统予以解决。脱硫含盐污水化学需氧量(COD)与吸收塔(洗涤塔)补充新鲜水COD有关,还与催化裂化装置操作参数(掺渣量、汽提蒸汽量等)有关,需要进一步深入研究。通过对余热锅炉或CO锅炉优化设计或改造实现降低排烟温度,可以有效减少新鲜水(补充水)用量。吸收塔(洗涤塔)顶部局部严重腐蚀是一个普遍问题,必须引起足够的重视,通过调节滤清模块循环液系统的注碱量控制循环液pH值小于9,既可防止吸收塔(洗涤塔)顶部局部腐蚀,又可避免CO2被过度吸收。     

FCC烟气SOx转移剂中试放大研究

以工业化生产为研究目标、富镁尖晶石为研究对象,使用工业级原材料,添加Ce/Fe/V等活性组元,采用压力式喷雾干燥装置,中试制备了几种符合工业应用的FCC烟气SOx转移剂,摸索出最佳喷雾干燥生产条件,即热空气进塔温度740～760 C,出塔温度345～360 C,雾化压力5.0～5.5MPa,料液温度80 C,料液固含量15％。对所得中试产品进行了实验室模拟工业装置脱硫性能评价。结果表明,中试放大的FCC烟气SOx转移剂能有效地降低再生烟气中SOx含量;水热老化使助剂的脱硫活性有所降低     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.