Influence of omentum transposition on experimental tumors

It has been observed that in human breast cancer transposition of the greater omentum to cover the excision site after removal of recurrent tumor appears to inhibit further recurrences at the site, without affecting spread to other sites. To establish an experimental model of this, inbred rats were transplanted in two sites on the chest with pieces of either an epithelioma or a mammary tumor. A flap of the omentum was then drawn through the peritoneal wall and then secured over one of the implants. In one group, this omentoplasty was carried out 1 week after tumor implantation. In most rats, the tumor in contact with the omentum was actually larger than the control, in contrast to the clinical observations. In many animals, the omentum was also a route of metastasis of the tumor.     

A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombi in the Epiploic Vein

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombiin the vein in the major omentum is reported. A 54-year-oldman underwent a second operation for recurrent HCC. Intraoperativeultrasonography revealed a tumor thrombus in the vein of theadhering omentum. Part of the antero-inferior area of the liveradjacent to the tumor was resected with the major omentum. Sinceit is characteristic of HCC often to form tumor thrombi in theveins, it is not surprising that the tumor budded into the epiploicvein. This is apparently the first report of tumor thrombi ofHCC in the epiploic vein.     

食管胃吻合术中可吸收线及大网膜的应用

［目的］探讨如何预防食管贲门癌手术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄。[方法］自1997年1月～1998年6月将258例食管贲门癌患者随机分组进行手术。临床研究组采用可吸收缝合线做单层（全层）连续吻合．并用带蒂大网膜包绕吻合口128例,对照组常规食管胃丝线间断缝合加食管壁与胃壁包裹130例。术后随访9～26个月。［结果］术后临床研究组无1例发生吻合口瘘,对照组发生5例（3．85％）;严重吻合口狭窄临床研究组无1例发生,对照组发生6例（4.62％）;两组统计学检验,结果均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。[结论］食管胃吻合口用可吸收线单层（全层）连续吻合并用带蒂大网膜包统,方法简洁,疗效确切,可预防食管胃吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生。     

腹部横行小切口游离带蒂大网膜在一期乳房成形中的应用

目的探讨腹部横行小切口游离带蒂大网膜在一期乳房成形中的应用效果。方法选择赤峰学院附属医院乳腺外科2007年1月至2011年5月收治的早期乳腺癌或癌前期病变患者19例,术中即刻行腹部横行小切口游离带蒂大网膜一期乳房成形术。结果19例患者术后组织瓣均全部成活。术后随访3个月至5年,中位随访时间为20个月。本组患者中,17例重建乳房自然、柔软、外观形态良好,患者十分满意;1例切口边缘皮瓣坏死、裂开,网膜瓣部分坏死、吸收,重建乳房外形小、欠佳;1例患者偏瘦,网膜瓣少,重建乳房外形小,网膜瓣蒂短、轻度下移,双乳不对称,效果差。结论早期乳腺癌或癌前期病变患者术中即刻行腹部横行小切口游离带蒂大网膜一期乳房成形术,具有安全、经济、实用、美观等诸多优点,且不影响肿瘤术后的综合治疗及随访。     

大网膜原发性骨外软骨瘤1例并文献复习

目的:探讨大网膜原发性骨外软骨瘤的临床病理特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法:分析一例33岁女性患者的临床资料,对病理标本进行常规HE染色和免疫组化染色,对染色结果进行分析判读,并检索国内外文献进行复习。结果:超声及CT均提示患者腹腔有包块;大体标本检查肿瘤组织部分呈分叶状,界清、质硬、灰白,周边见部分网膜组织;组织病理检查肿瘤由成熟透明软骨构成,呈小叶状排列,细胞无异型性;免疫组化检测肿瘤组织S-100阳性,Ki67阳性指数<1%;随访患者3年无复发或转移,各项结果共同支持大网膜原发性骨外软骨瘤的诊断,临床治疗方法首选完整切除。结论:大网膜原发性软骨瘤极其罕见,其发病机制尚不明确,治疗以手术完整切除为主。     

Segmental infarction of the omentum secondary to torsion: Ultrasound and computed tomography diagnosis

Segmental infarction of the omentum is a rare clinical entity that is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis for acute abdominal pain, especially as the clinical findings are so non‐specific. Consequently, the diagnosis is usually made intraoperatively. The two cases presented here demonstrate the characteristic appearance of omental infarction on ultrasound and CT, which enables preoperative diagnosis. Preoperative radiological diagnosis may prevent unnecessary surgery.     

Computed tomography manifestations of peritoneal diseases

The peritoneal cavity is a potential space that is divided by the peritoneal reflections into various complex subspaces. It can be involved in many disease processes including developmental, inflammatory, neoplastic and traumatic conditions. Computed tomography is highly sensitive and consistent in detecting peritoneal pathology. This pictorial essay aims to emphasize and illustrate the CT features of the spectrum of peritoneal diseases.     

带蒂大网膜移植同时植皮治疗胸壁放射性溃疡5例报告

报告5例女性乳腺癌根治术加放疗后并发胸壁放射性溃疡,采用带蒂大网膜移植同时植皮的治疗方法,手术一期完成,均收到满意效果。4例溃疡位于原乳房部位,治疗后局部隆起,类似乳房再造,是一般转移皮瓣所无法比拟的,特别对年轻患者更为适用。全组病人随访1年,胸壁溃疡无复发。     

39例原发性输卵管癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨原发性输卵管癌(PFTC)的临床病理特点及合理的治疗方法。方法 回顾性研究2006年1月—2016年7月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院收治的39例原发性输卵管癌患者的临床病理资料并进行分析。结果 手术病理结果39例,其中未分化癌1例、未分化及移行细胞癌1例、腺癌37例;单纯型腺癌29例、混合型10例,其中合并透明细胞癌7例,合并子宫内膜样癌2例,合并移行细胞癌1例。盆腔外转移最常见的部位是大网膜,为17例,术前化验CA125升高13例,38例患者接受术后化疗,39例患者5年总存活率为51.3%。单因素分析显示:术后病理分期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ vs.Ⅲ,P＜0.001)、术中残存灶大小(P＜0.001)、大网膜转移(P＜0.001)、卵巢转移(P=0.034)、腹膜后淋巴结转移(P=0.018)及术前CA125升高(P=0.002)与预后相关,而年龄(P=0.310)及病理分级(P=0.663)与预后不相关,多因素分析显示大网膜转移(HR=12.205,95%CI:2.354~63.290,P=0.003)及病理分期(HR=3.810,95%CI:1.202~12.079,P=0.023)与预后有关,为独立预后因素。结论 肿瘤病理分期和大网膜转移是影响原发性输卵管癌患者预后的重要因素,早期诊断彻底手术可改善患者预后。     

Greater-omentum lesion-score (GOLS) as a predictor of residual disease in different regions of the peritoneal cavity in patients undergoing interval cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer and its potential clinical utility

Background and aimThe greater omentum(GO) is a common site of residual disease in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The presence of tumor in the GO could predict presence of disease in other peritoneal regions. The goal of this study was to perform a correlation between the greater-omentum lesion-score(GOLS) and presence of disease in different peritoneal regions and determine its potential utility in guiding interval cytoreductive surgery(CRS).MethodsThis prospective study included 134 patients undergoing interval CRS from July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020.Each region of Sugarbaker's Peritobneal Cancer Index(PCI) was given a lesion score(LS) from 0 to 3 according to the diameter of the largest tumor in the region. The GOLS was recorded separately from other structures in the region. Correlation between the GOLS and surgical and pathological LS in each region was performed.ResultsAs the GOLS increased, the incidence of disease(surgical LS) in other regions of the peritoneal cavity increased. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves showed area under curve more than 80% for regions 1–2 and 7–8 indicating a high probability of disease in these regions in patients with GOLS 1–3. The positive predictive value(PPV) of preoperative imaging for GOLS was 95.7%. No cut-off of the GOLS could predict presence of disease on pathology with more than 70% accuracy.ConclusionsPresence of disease in the GO warrants performing upper abdominal exploration and/or cytoreduction and interval CRS should be planned accordingly in these patients. Imaging has a high PPV in detecting disease in the GO.     

Greater omentum gastrointestinal stromal tumor with PDGFRA-mutation and hemoperitoneum

Although gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) occurs generally in the digestive tract,omental GIST is very rare.We report the first case of an adult greater omental GIST with a new platelet-derived growth factor receptor α gene(PDGFRA)-mutation with hemoperitoneum.A 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of acute abdominal pain.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a huge mass in the right abdominal cavity,and a large accumulation of fluid in the pelvic cavity,suggesting hemoperitoneum.We diagnosed the rupture as an intra-abdominal tumor,and an emergency tumorectomy was performed with resection of the greater omentum.This tumor was located in the distal right side ofthe greater omentum,and showed no continuity with the gastric wall.The tumor occurred primarily in the greater omentum.The resected tumor was about 19 cm × 12 cm × 14 cm in diameter,and weighed 1529 g.Histologically,the tumor was composed of epithelioidshaped cells with high cellularity,and was positive for CD117 and CD34,and negative for S-100,α-smooth muscle actin.The mitosis was 6/50 under high power field.This case showed exon 18 mutation of PDGFRA with 846(Asp to Glu) substitution,848(Asn to Lys) substitution.This is the first report of this PDGFRA mutation in omental GIST,and this might play an important role in the tumorigenesis of this case.Based on these findings,the tumor was diagnosed as high risk GIST primarily occurring in the greater omentum.The patient was treated with imatinib at a dose of 400 mg/d as adjuvant chemotherapy,and has been followed up for 24 mo with no evidence of recurrence.     

Omental Macrophagic “Crown-like Structures” Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Advanced-Stage Serous Ovarian Cancer

The tumor microenvironment is a well-recognized framework in which immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment promote or inhibit cancer formation and development. A crown-like structure (CLS) has been reported as a dying or dead adipocyte surrounded by a ‘crown’ of macrophages within adipose tissue, which is a histologic hallmark of the inflammatory process in this tissue. CLSs have also been found to be related to formation, progression and prognosis of some types of cancer. However, the presence of CLSs in the omentum of advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has not been thoroughly investigated. By using CD68, a pan-macrophage marker, and CD163, an M2-like polarization macrophage marker, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to identify tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CLSs. This retrospective study analyzed 116 patients with advanced-stage HGSOC who received complete treatment and had available clinical data from July 2008 through December 2016 at National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) (Tainan, Taiwan). Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients with omental CD68⁺ CLSs had poor OS (median survival: 24 vs. 38 months, p = 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41–3.61); patients with omental CD163⁺ CLSs also had poor OS (median survival: 22 vs. 36 months, HR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.33–3.44, p = 0.002). Additionally, patients with omental CD68⁺ or CD163⁺ CLSs showed poor PFS (median survival: 11 vs. 15 months, HR: 2.28, 95%CI: 1.43–3.64, p = 0.001; median survival: 11 vs. 15 months, HR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.35–3.47, respectively, p = 0.001). Conversely, the density of CD68⁺ or CD163⁺ TAMs in ovarian tumors was not associated with patient prognosis in advanced-stage HGSOC in our cohort. In conclusion, we, for the first time, demonstrate that the presence of omental CLSs is associated with poor prognosis in advanced-stage HGSOC.     

Intraoperative and early postoperative chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity using gemcitabine may prevent postoperative occurence of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant tumors of various abdominal organs are blamed to be the cause of death in approximately 40% of cases per year in Western Europe. At the time of death, about half of them show peritoneal carcinomatosis which is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor. In case of peritoneal carcinomatosis, there is no curative treatment available for any of the tumors in the abdominal cavity. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the preventive potential of intra-operative or early postoperative local administration of gemcitabine into the abdominal cavity against peritoneal carcinomatosis. METHODS: Peritoneal carcinomatosis was induced in male WAG rats (n = 18) by transfer of 5 x 10(6) cells of the adenocarcinoma cell line CC-531 via minilaparotomy carried out in all rats under general anesthesia. Thirty days after cell transfer, rats were sacrificed and peritoneal carcinomatosis was confirmed using histologic investigation in specimens obtained from the peritoneal site. Extension of this carcinomatosis was quantified by (i) counting tumor nodes per square centimeter (mean of several counts) and (ii) determining tumor weight (weight of the greater omentum plus the resected mesentery). Rats were subdivided into three groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 (controls); group 2, simultaneously with tumor cell transfer 24 mg/kg of gemcitabine were administered into the abdominal cavity; group 3, postoperative intraperitoneal irrigation with 24 mg/kg of gemcitabine was achieved via a previously implanted port-a-cath on days(d) 15, 21, and 27. RESULTS: On the 30th postoperative day, all six animals of the control group showed extensive tumor growth at the peritoneum and greater omentum, indicating carcinomatosis. In contrast, none of the rats of group 2 revealed any traces of intraperitoneal tumor growth. While all rats of group 3 demonstrated intraperitoneal tumor growth, but early postoperative treatment with gemcitabine, however, resulted in a significant reduction of the number of tumor nodes and tumor weight in comparison with group 1 (controls). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate, i.e., simultaneous intraoperative application of a cytostatic agent such as gemcitabine into the abdominal cavity may completely prevent the generation of peritoneal carcinomatosis from occuring tumor cells, whereas early postoperative locoregional chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity can only reduce the severity of the peritoneal carcinomatosis.     

Pharmacogénétique des fluoropyrimidines. La méthylènetétrahydrofolate réductase

Résumé: Lefficacité optimale des fluoropyrimidines nécessite des concentrations élevées en 5-10 méthylènetétrahydrofolate (CH₂FH₄), contrôlées par la méthylènetétrahydrofolate réductase (MTHFR) qui convertit irréversiblement le CH₂FH₄ en 5-méthyltétrahydrofolate (CH₃FH₄). Les polymorphismes 677CT et 1298AC du gène MTHFR sont associés à une baisse dactivité de lenzyme. Les tumeurs «MTHFR mutées» devraient donc être plus sensibles aux fluoropyrimidines que les tumeurs «MTHFR sauvages». Les études expérimentales et cliniques publiées à ce jour tendent à montrer une plus grande sensibilité au 5-FU (associé ou non à lacide folinique) dans les tumeurs MTHFR mutées par rapport aux tumeurs sauvages. Ces résultats montrent la nécessité de poursuivre ces recherches afin de confirmer limpact de ces polymorphismes sur lefficacité des fluoropyrimidines.     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

裘法祖教授生平

Prof.Fazu Qiu,member of the Chinese Communist Party,surgery professor of Tongji Hospital,departed in Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China,at fourteen to nine a.m,June 14,2008,after a disease.He turns 94 this year.He was the senior academician of the Academia Sinica,the illustrious medical scientist of China,and the Honorary Director of Tongji Medical College,as well as Huazhong University of Science & Technology.     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.