一种超高温钻井液降粘剂的合成及性能研究

研究了水基钻井液降粘剂磺化苯乙烯-衣康酸共聚物的合成方法。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,在衣康酸与苯乙烯摩尔比为1∶1.2、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈用量为0.6%、溶液共聚反应温度为90℃、共聚反应时间为5 h的条件下,得到苯乙烯-衣康酸共聚物,并用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。该共聚物与过量20%发烟硫酸在50℃进行磺化反应2 h,生成降粘剂磺化苯乙烯-衣康酸共聚物(SSHIA)。在淡水钻井液中加入0.3%SSHIA,降粘率可达54%;且在260℃老化16 h后,降粘率仍达44%。     

MA/SAS/AMPS共聚物耐高温钻井液降粘剂的研制

合成了耐240℃高温的水基钻井液降粘剂马来酸酐/丙烯磺酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-甲基丙磺酸(MA/SAS/AMPS)三元共聚物。优选反应条件为:水溶液聚合,n(MA)∶n(SAS)∶n(AMPS)=5∶4∶4,引发剂w(过硫酸铵)=3.0%,w(单体)=45%,共聚反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h,得到MA/SAS/AMPS共聚物。室内实验证明,加入0.5%该共聚物使淡水基浆在常温下表观粘度由45mPa·s降至30mPa·s,降粘率为80.2%,加入0.5%使淡水基浆在240℃老化16h后的表观粘度由50mPa·s降至34mPa·s,降粘率为65%。     

抗温耐盐型钻井液降粘剂合成与性能评价

木质素磺酸钙、抗温耐盐型单体NS-1、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,用水溶液聚合的方法合成出接枝改性木质素磺酸钙钻井液降粘剂。其最优合成条件为:NS-1∶AA∶AM=3∶2∶2,木质素磺酸钙的用量为单体总量的50%,引发剂的用量占反应单体总质量的0.6%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为2 h,单体的浓度为15%。当降粘剂的加量为1.5%,降粘率可达81.83%;在120℃的条件下,降粘率为61%;在Na Cl含量为10%的钻井液中,降粘率为60%;在Ca Cl2为1.5%的钻井液中,降粘率为62.86%。     

抗温耐盐型钻井液降粘剂合成与性能评价

木质素磺酸钙、抗温耐盐型单体NS-1、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,用水溶液聚合的方法合成出接枝改性木质素磺酸钙钻井液降粘剂。其最优合成条件为:NS-1∶AA∶AM=3∶2∶2,木质素磺酸钙的用量为单体总量的50%,引发剂的用量占反应单体总质量的0.6%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为2 h,单体的浓度为15%。当降粘剂的加量为1.5%,降粘率可达81.83%;在120℃的条件下,降粘率为61%;在Na Cl含量为10%的钻井液中,降粘率为60%;在Ca Cl2为1.5%的钻井液中,降粘率为62.86%。     

超高温(240℃)抗盐聚合物降粘剂的合成与评价

针对我国石油工业中超高温、高矿化度、高固相水基钻井液流变性调控技术瓶颈,基于分子结构优化设计和单体优选,合成了超高温抗盐低分子聚合物HTP-2,表征其结构并且评价其抗盐抗钙性能以及抗温降粘效果。优化合成工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,反应时间30 min,引发剂用量3 wt%,链转移剂用量1.43 wt%,n(AA)∶n(AMPS)∶n(UA)∶n(DMDAAC)=9∶11∶6∶6。经240℃老化16 h后的降粘效果优于国外的Descofl,优于国内经220℃老化16 h的聚合物降粘剂xy-28。在淡水基浆、淡水加重基浆及氯化钙氯化钠复合盐水基浆中240℃老化后的降粘率分别达72.98%、83.78%和71.43%。     

新型聚合油溶性稠油降粘剂的合成及性能研究

研究了自制丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐和丙烯酰胺4种单体分别以物质的量比10∶3∶2∶0.8和6∶1∶2∶0进行四元无规共聚反应,得到两种新型油溶性的共聚降粘剂。对溶剂用量、反应温度等影响条件进行了优化,探究了降粘剂用量和温度等因素对降粘效果的影响。结果表明,四元共聚物的降粘效果优于三元共聚物。50℃,当降粘剂的加入量占稠油量的10 wt%时,三元和四元共聚物对稠油的降粘率分别达79.4%和87.6%。     

钻井液用高效降粘剂HRT的研制与评价

以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)等单体为原料,通过水溶液共聚合方法,合成了一种新型高效钻井液用降粘剂HRT,采用红外光谱和热重分析对HRT和XY-27进行对比结构表征,并对降粘剂HRT的性能进行研究评价。结果表明,降粘剂HRT的特性粘度分子量为5982;膨胀降低率G≥50%,抑制性优于XY-27;10%的膨润土浆中加入0.3%HRT在200~250℃高温下老化仍具有较好的降粘效果;浊点盐度为110g/L,具有较优的抗盐能力。     

水基钻井液降粘剂JNG-1的合成与性能评价

以苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料,合成了SSS/AM/AA共聚物降粘剂,并对其在泥浆中的降粘性能进行了评价。最佳合成方案为：n（苯乙烯磺酸钠）∶n（AM）∶n（AA）=2∶1∶4,单体质量为15%,反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,引发剂用量为2%。在此条件下,合成的聚合物降粘剂结构和预计的结构一致,具有较好的抗温能力,在盐浓度为30%的盐水泥浆中,降粘率为62.71%。     

油溶性降粘剂SA/MMA/VTEO共聚物的合成与性能评价

以丙烯酸十八酯(SA)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEO)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,甲苯作溶剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂,通过溶液聚合得到三元共聚物,即油溶性降粘剂。确定了最佳合成条件:n_(SA)∶n_(MMA)∶n_(VTEO)=1∶0.5∶0.8,反应时间5h,引发剂用量0.4%,反应温度80℃。室内性能评价实验表明:在50℃下,当降粘剂加药量为500mg·L~(-1)时,降粘率达90%;含水越低,降粘效果越明显;在250℃条件下,降粘剂保持降粘率在80%以上达16h;降粘剂对联合站原油脱水基本无影响。     

一种稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与评价

以多元醇、马来酸酐及丙烯酸为单体,设计合成了一种油溶性稠油降粘剂,研究了合成条件,降粘剂的加量和加入温度对降粘效果的影响。最佳合成条件为:多元醇、丙烯酸、马来酸酐的物质量比为1.0∶0.4∶1.0,反应温度为115～120℃,反应时间为4.5～5 h;当降粘剂的加量为750 mg/L,温度在50℃时,降粘率达到86.90%,具有最佳的降粘效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.