柚子皮对维多利亚蓝B的吸附性能研究

柚子皮拥有多孔疏松的结构,其本身对染料有一定的吸附作用。维多利亚蓝B是染料废水中污染比较严重的一种。对柚子皮吸附维多利亚蓝B的规律及吸附效果进行试验,以确定柚子皮对维多利亚蓝B的最佳吸附条件。结果表明:在粒径40目(0.45mm),pH=7,震荡时间60min的条件下,柚子皮可使维多利亚蓝B的去除率达到95%以上,40℃时其最大吸附容量为129.9mg/g,吸附效果良好。同时柚子皮吸附维多利亚蓝B主要以物理吸附为主,包括外部液膜扩散、表面吸附和颗粒内部扩散等过程,可以用Langmuir和Temkin等温吸附理论进行描述。     

稻壳对三种染料的吸附性能研究

用稻壳吸附剂对甲基紫、孔雀绿、维多利亚蓝三种染料废水进行吸附实验,研究了室温条件下染料溶液pH值、稻壳吸附时间、染料初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。在室温条件下稻壳对三种染料具有较好的吸附脱色效果,当pH=6时脱色率最高;稻壳对三种染料的吸附符合准二级反应动力学模型,较好符合Langmiur等温线方程。     

非均相UV/Fenton催化剂体系降解活性艳红染料废水的试验研究

研究非均相UV/Fenton催化剂体系对活性艳红X-3B染料废水的去除效果,确定了最佳反应条件,为该工艺处理染料废水提供理论依据及数据。利用非均相UV/Fe-R/H_2O_2体系对活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水进行处理,研究H_2O_2投加量、pH、催化剂投加量及反应时间对活性艳红X-3B染料废水处理效果的影响。在H_2O_2投加量为Qth、pH为4、催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L、反应60 min的条件下,处理质量浓度为100 mg/L的活性艳红X-3B染料废水的效果最好,活性艳红X-3B和COD的去除率分别达到92.45%和72.33%。该体系克服了均相Fenton体系应用范围窄的缺点,使得非均相Fenton体系在酸性、中性及弱碱性条件下也能具有不错的去除效果。     

外电场促进生物厌氧与铁床耦合降解活性艳蓝研究

采用生物厌氧与铁床耦合工艺处理蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R,通过生物厌氧、生物厌氧与铁床耦合、耦合工艺施加外电场3种模式的对比,研究外加电场对促进该耦合工艺降解染料的效果以及影响因素.结果表明,单独生物厌氧的为活性艳蓝KN-R和COD去除率分别为11.86%和32.28%;生物厌氧与铁床耦合能显著提高活性艳蓝KN-R和COD去除率,分别达到65.64%和56.25%;耦合工艺施加外电场后,去除率在0.5V电压下分别达到90.92%、73.38%.单独厌氧的污泥对染料吸附量少,微生物也没有固定形态;与铁床耦合后的污泥开始以染料及中间产物作为吸附有机物,厌氧污泥区对去除活性艳蓝KN-R起主要作用;加入电场后,污泥微生物以螺旋菌为主,铁区对去除活性艳蓝KN-R其主要作用.加入电场后活性艳蓝KN-R去除率随硫酸钠含量增大而下降,在碱性条件下脱除率更高.     

钨酸钠共振光散射法测定维多利亚蓝B

在pH=5.33缓冲溶液中,维多利亚蓝B （ Victoria blue）与钨酸钠作用并产生以281 nm和373 nm为特征峰的共振光散射（ RLS）增强信号。在上述特征波长下测定的增强共振光散射强度（△IRLS ）与维多利亚蓝B浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。当钨酸钠浓度为4.0×10^-5 mol/L时,维多利亚蓝B的检出限可分别达8.74 nmol/L和10.77 nmol/L。据此建立了痕量维多利亚蓝B的共振光散射分析方法。     

钨酸钠共振光散射法测定维多利亚蓝B

在pH=5.33缓冲溶液中,维多利亚蓝B(Victoria blue)与钨酸钠作用并产生以281 nm和373 nm为特征峰的共振光散射(RLS)增强信号。在上述特征波长下测定的增强共振光散射强度(ΔIRLS)与维多利亚蓝B浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。当钨酸钠浓度为4.0×10-5mol/L时,维多利亚蓝B的检出限可分别达8.74 nmol/L和10.77 nmol/L。据此建立了痕量维多利亚蓝B的共振光散射分析方法。     

铁碳材料处理亚甲基蓝溶液效果及其机理研究

对某种市面上购得的铁碳材料进行研究,以阳离子染料亚甲基蓝(MB)为污染物,探讨材料的成分和作用机制。实验考察了pH值、铁碳材料投加量、亚甲基蓝浓度对处理效果的影响。当初始MB浓度为100 mg/L,pH为5.92时,投加50 g/L材料,在200 r/min的转速下反应180 min后,MB去除率能达到96%。发现铁碳材料在较广泛pH范围(2.33～11.06)内都能很好地去除亚甲基蓝,但作用机理有所不同。酸性条件下,铁碳微电解作用和吸附作用同时奏效,会加快MB的去除,而在中性及碱性条件下,则以吸附作用为主。在pH=5.92时,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为32.16 mg/g。     

超声辅助活性炭对模拟染料废水处理实验研究

活性炭被广泛应用在废水处理研究中,具有效率高,效果好等特点,利用超声辅助活性炭处理亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水,研究活性炭投加量、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、模拟染料废水浓度等因素对模拟染料废水去除效果的影响,实验结果表明,当亚甲基蓝废水浓度为3mg·L~(-1),活性炭投加量为0.8g·L~(-1),超声温度为80℃,超声时间为60min,超声功率为400W时,染料废水的去除效果最好,去除率为96.36%。     

TiO2,WO3对活性染料水溶液的光催化降解

本文试验研究采用TiO_2、WO_3对活性染料水溶液光催化降解,试验结果表明在光辐照下两种催化剂对活性艳蓝X-BR染料的降解都起作用,而TiO_2比WO_3的作用效果更好。预示了采用该方法处理染料废水的光明前景     

高浓度含盐染料废水电混凝处理研究

探讨了利用电混凝方法对高浓度含盐染料废水的处理研究,考察了溶液不同pH、不同脱色剂投加量、不同的电解电压、不同反应时间下对染料废水处理的影响.实验表明,电混凝方法对废水的色度和CODCr具有较好的去除效果,色度去除率达到96.8%,CODCr的去除率达到92%.其去除机理主要是Cl-与OH-在电解过程中的间接氧化作用,同时也包括部分脱色剂的脱色混凝作用.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.