应用两步接枝法制备新型改性聚丙烯滤嘴材料

为了解决烟用聚丙烯(PP)滤嘴材料对烟气吸附性能差、降焦性能低等问题,采用等离子体辐射引发的方法,在烟用聚丙烯纤维基体上分两步接枝丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)单体,制备了聚丙烯高吸附滤嘴。讨论了单体浓度、辐照时间、阻聚剂浓度对聚丙烯纤维接枝率的影响。利用衰减全反射红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝后的聚丙烯纤维基体的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,结果表明,AMPS单体被成功接枝到PP纤维上。当改性后聚丙烯纤维的接枝率为22.8%时,改性后聚丙烯纤维滤嘴对烟气的过滤效果比改性前明显提高,烟气中的总粒相物比未改性滤嘴降低了30.5%,焦油及烟碱含量分别降低43.2%和31.7%。     

紫外辐照改性聚丙烯纤维固定化溶菌酶的研究

在聚丙烯纤维紫外光照法接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的基础上,通过酰胺化反应将改性纤维表面官能团转换为胺基后进行溶菌酶固定化,实现聚丙烯纤维的酶法功能化改性.通过对比不同处理条件下纤维的红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM),可以看出MMA已经成功接枝到聚丙烯纤维上,并且将溶菌酶固定在了纤维上.另外,还考察了MMA接枝率对纤维表面胺基密度和固定化溶菌酶酶活的影响.结果表明,纤维上的胺基密度随改性效果的提高而增大,当接枝率为1.69%时,固定化的溶菌酶酶活达到最大值为18U/cm2.     

紫外光接枝改性聚丙烯薄膜的研究

以二苯甲酮为光敏剂,通过紫外光辐照引发,将亲水性单体丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)接枝在聚丙烯薄膜表面。考察了光敏剂浓度、辐照时间以及溶剂类型对接枝率的影响。利用衰减全反射红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝薄膜的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,通过水接触角和吸水率研究了接枝后薄膜的亲水性。结果表明,在相同条件下,AA的接枝率高于MAA;相比于有机溶剂,在水溶剂中AA的接枝率明显提高;当接枝率达到11.8%时,薄膜表面水接触角由原膜的95°降低到35°,亲水性显著提高。     

聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸丁酯吸油纤维的制备和表征

采用紫外辐射引发的方法,在主要利用毛细管力作用吸油的聚丙烯纤维上接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯,制备了高吸油纤维.研究了影响聚丙烯纤维接枝率的因素,如辐照时间、单体浓度、光敏剂浓度等.用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱对接枝前后的纤维进行了表征,结果表明丙烯酸丁酯被成功接枝到PP纤维上.随着接枝率的增大,吸油纤维对柴油的吸附量先增大后减小....     

辐照接枝法制备增韧剂对聚丙烯结构与性能的影响

基于乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)辛烯长支链的可反应性,采用γ射线辐照等规聚丙烯(i PP)/POE/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混体系,得到聚丙烯增韧剂抗冲击聚丙烯基接枝共聚物(IPGC)。力学性能测试结果表明,辐照剂量为50k Gy时所得IPGC的增韧效果最好,i PP的冲击强度随IPGC含量的增加而提升;连续自成核退火热分级(SSA)结果表明IPGC中POE与i PP和LLDPE均发生接枝;扫描电镜观察结果显示IPGC以"海岛"结构,粒径3~5μm均匀分散在聚丙烯基体中,辐照产生接枝物在i PP/IPGC共混体系中起到了界面增容作用;X射线衍射和偏光显微镜结果表明分散相IPGC对i PP起到异相成核作用,促进了i PP的结晶,降低了晶粒平均尺寸,细化了i PP晶粒,从而提升了i PP的力学性能。     

聚丙烯接枝改性研究

在系统介绍聚丙烯接枝改性方法基础上,从多种接枝单体的比较、选择,共单体的作用机理,以及接枝单体、共单体、引发剂用量和反应温度、反应时间对聚丙烯接枝率的影响等方面进行了详细阐述和分析,为接枝反应提供最佳反应条件,加速接枝反应效率。     

γ射线辐照聚丙烯接枝改性研究

采用γ预辐射熔融接枝极性单体,对改性聚丙烯(PP)进行机械性能和应用性能方面的研究.实验证明,在PP分子接枝极性单体后,可以明显提高PP极性,且可以改善PP复合、印刷性能.     

用于除去浓缩果汁中微量重金属的螯合纤维的研制--(Ⅰ)PP无纺布紫外接枝丙烯酸的条件及性能

研究聚丙烯纤维无纺布紫外光照接枝丙烯酸以合成对重金属离子具有高选择性的螯合纤维、纤维接枝前后的结构和性能表征及影响接枝率和交换量的因素。结果显示,采用平面小功率组合紫外光源和高纯度氮气是获得高接枝率和高交换量纤维的关键因素,在优化条件下纤维的接枝率和交换量分别为10％-95％和1mmol／g-7mmol／g(干基)。     

预辐照聚丙烯悬浮接枝聚苯乙烯的制备及结构性能

通过预辐照和悬浮接枝技术制备聚丙烯接枝聚苯乙烯(PP-g-PS)。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析、旋转流变仪及高压击穿实验对PP-g-PS的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,PP-g-PS的FT-IR在1493cm~(-1),1601 cm~(-1)和3027 cm~(-1)处出现了新的吸收峰,其中1601 cm~(-1)和3027 cm~(-1)分别为PS苯环上C=C和C-H的特征吸收峰;1H-NMR在1.2,1.4和2.0位置处出现新的化学位移峰,在δ7.1和7.2处出现2组峰,这是PS苯环上氢的化学位移,证明PS已接枝到PP的大分子链上。与PP相比,PP-g-PS的熔融温度和结晶度降低,结晶温度升高;随接枝率增大,PP-g-PS的结晶温度升高;PP-g-PS的耐电压击穿性能好,其击穿场强可达PP的1.4倍。     

制备新型相容剂——聚丙烯固相接枝苯乙烯的研究

用固相接枝共聚方法制备聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯共聚物（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ），详细考察了聚丙烯与引发剂的品种、反应温度、苯乙烯与引发剂的浓度等地接枝率的影响。结果表明，ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ具有较高的接枝率。共聚ＰＰＪ３４０与ＰＰ粉接枝率均较均聚ＰＰＦ４０１为高；将３种引发剂（ＢＰＯ、ＴＢＰ、ＤＣＰ）进行比较在相同的下，以ＴＢＰ作为引发剂的接枝率最高；接枝率随ＳＴ／ＰＰ质量比增大与反庆温度的提高而提高。将ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ     

A simple lithographic method employing 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet light to prepare positive- and negative-tone poly(methyl methacrylate) patterns

We successfully prepared both positive- and negative-tone patterns by applying poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a photoresist. A positive-pattern was prepared by lithography through a photomask using 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light under the pressure of 10³ Pa. A negative-pattern was prepared using the same VUV light under the reduced pressure of 10 Pa, followed by rinsing with toluene solution. At 10³ Pa, the irradiated PMMA was effectively decomposed and eliminated. On the other hand, at 10 Pa, the irradiated PMMA became cured and resistant to etching. We subsequently utilized these positive- and negative-tone patterns as templates on indium–tin-oxide surfaces to electrodeposit copper microstructures with 10 µm lines and spaces.     

Thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of poly(methyl methacrylate) under high pressure

The thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of poly(methyl methacrylate) (25 and 350 kg · mol^– in molecular weight) have been measured in the temperature range 155–358 K at pressures up to 2 GPa using the transient hot-wire method. The bulk modulus has been measured up to 1.0 GPa at 294 K and yielded a constant valueg = 3.4 ± 0.3 for the Bridgman parameter. No dependence on molecular weight could be detected in the properties we measured.     

Enhancing the grafting of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PHEMA) by the sequential UV-induced graft polymerization with a multiple-UV irradiation

Grafting of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on silica nanoparticles was accomplished via the sequential UV-induced graft polymerization. Under UV-irradiation, the silica was functionalized with the surface initiator, benzophenone (BP) and subsequently graft-polymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The grafting on the silica particles was confirmed by DSC analysis which revealed a shift of the glass transition temperature (T_g) of grafted PHEMA to higher temperature than T_g of ungrafted PHEMA. A significant improvement in the grafting efficiency and the grafting percentage was achieved when a sequential grafting approach was taken, employing multiple UV exposures. Using this approach, the efficient chain extension from the grafted-PHEMA was possible without producing significant amounts of ungrafted PHEMA when low HEMA concentrations were used during each UV-exposure.     

Application and functional characterization of POVACOAT,a hydrophilic co-polymer poly(vinyl alcohol/acrylic acid/methyl methacrylate) as a hot-melt extrusion carrier

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of POVACOAT^TM, a hydrophilic PVA copolymer, as a solid dispersion (SD) carrier for hot-melt extrusion (HME).

Methods: Bifendate (DDB), a water-insoluble drug, was chosen as the model drug. DDB was hot-melt extruded by a co-rotating twin screw extruder with POVACOAT^TM. The SD formability of POVACOAT^TM was investigated by varying the composition ratios. Solid state characterization was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. In order to have a better knowledge of the mechanism of dissolution enhancement, dissolution study, phase solubility study and crystallization study of DDB from supersaturated solutions were performed. In addition, the storage stability of the extrudate containing 10% DDB was investigated.

Results: Physical characterizations showed that DDB was amorphous up to 15% drug loading. The phase solubility study revealed an A_L-type curve. Moreover, POVACOAT^TM was found to have an inhibitory effect on crystallization from supersaturated solutions. Compared with the pure DDB and physical mixture, the dissolution rate and solubility of extrudates were significantly enhanced and the drug loading markedly affected the dissolution of SDs. Furthermore, the stability test indicated that 10% DDB-SD was stable during storage (40?°C/75% RH).

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that POVACOAT^TM is a valuable excipient for the formulation of solid dispersions prepared by HME to improve dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs.     

Fast patterning of poly(methyl methacrylate) by a novel soft molding approach and its application to the fabrication of silver structures

A novel single-step approach for the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) structures by soft molding of a 5 wt% solution in acetone is reported. The use of a low weight solution and of a solvent with high volatility ensures a very fast patterning, down to 10 s. In addition, the process is extremely simple and cost-effective, since just one elastomeric mold is needed, and areas as large as 1 cm² were patterned uniformly and defect-free. The process was applied to the fabrication of silver structures by silver deposition via electroless plating or evaporation followed by poly(methyl methacrylate) removal. Structures of various shapes and sizes, with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer range were successfully fabricated, showing the versatility of the process. This silver patterning process is particularly well suited for applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics, such as the fabrication of transparent electrodes for solar cells and displays, manufacturing of metal etching masks and wiring of printed circuits.     

A novel strategy for improving upconversion luminescence of NaYF4：Yb, Er nanocrystals by coupling with hybrids of silver plasmon nanostructures and poly（methyl methacrylate） photonic crystals

The coupling of upconversion nanophosphors （UCNPs） with the surface plasmonic resonance （SPR） of noble metals is a promising way to improve luminescent efficiency of UCNPs; however, it is still a challenge to achieve stable, reproducible and effective upconversion luminescence （UCL） enhancement through such coupling. In this work, we present a novel strategy to improve UCL of NaYF4：ybB,Er3. UCNPs, by combining the near-field coupling of SPR of silver and the far-field coupling of poly（methyl methacrylate） （PMMA） opal photonic crystals （OPCs） with the UCNPs. In order to control the effective interaction distance between the UCNPs and the SPR, a porous silver film consisting of randomly distributed silver nanoparticles （NPs） （〉 100 nm） was prepared which demonstrated strong SPR over a broad wavelength range, and its coupling to the UCNPs was found to be much stronger than that of a dense film. In the far-field coupling of OPCs, the photonic stop band （PSB） of the PMMA OPCs was tuned to 980 nm, matching exactly the excitation light. By modulating the particle size of the UCNPs, and the direction and excitation power of the incident light, a maximum enhancement of 60-fold was observed, which is an important advance for metaMnduced UCL enhancement systems.