Ankura主动脉覆膜支架行原位开窗重建弓上分支的应用

背景与目的 胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已经成为治疗主动脉弓部病变的首选术式。然而,此术式要求支架近端安全锚定区至少为15 mm,对于锚定区不足者,则通常需重建弓部分支血管以确保手术安全。在目前各种重建技术中,原位开窗技术因其较大程度的保留分支血管以及较低的内漏风险而应用最多。因此,本研究探讨Ankura主动脉覆膜支架进行原位开窗重建弓上分支的可行性及效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月—2020年12月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院收治的47例近端锚定区不足的主动脉病变患者的临床资料。其中胸主动脉夹层38例,胸主动脉瘤6例,胸主动脉溃疡3例。根据术前CTA影像资料决定患者的开窗数目、开窗支架规格,术中利用穿刺针对Ankura主动脉覆膜支架进行原位开窗重建弓部分支,术后定期行主动脉CTA复查随访。结果 所有患者均获手术成功,共植入Ankura胸主动脉覆膜支架47枚,Gore Viabahn覆膜支架51枚,Cordis Smart裸支架20枚。4例术中转烟囱支架植入,原位开窗成功率91.5%（43/47）,包括左锁骨下动脉（LSA）开窗29例,左颈总动脉（LCCA）开窗+LSA栓塞1例,LSA开窗+左椎动脉烟囱1例,LSA开窗+左LCCA烟囱9例,LCCA+LSA开窗+无名动脉（IA）烟囱1例,LCCA开窗+IA烟囱+LSA栓塞2例。全组患者手术时间160~300 min,平均（200±20）min,术中开窗时间18~45 min,平均（30±8）min;术后内漏（1型）3例,逆撕2例（1例行升主动脉置换后好转,1例死亡）,脑梗死2例,截瘫0例。平均随访时间（28.4±14.7）个月,期间2例内漏在随访中消失,1例内漏未进一步增大予以观察随访中,未见开窗分支血管闭塞。结论 利用穿刺破膜技术对Ankura主动脉覆膜支架进行原位开窗重建分支血管是一种切实可行且有效的治疗方式,近期效果良好。     

“烟囱”支架在急性期锚定区不足的Stanford B型主动脉夹层中的应用体会

目的:探讨应用胸主动脉腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aotic repair,TEVAR）治疗急性期锚定区不足假腔未血栓化的Stanford B型主动脉夹层时“烟囱”支架重建左锁骨下动脉（left subclavian artery,LSA）的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月至2021...     

腔内修复联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨主动脉腔内修复手术联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤.方法 分析腔内治疗累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的46例StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床资料.腔内封堵左锁骨下动脉43例;PDA封堵器封堵左锁骨下动脉6例次;颈部动脉搭桥术9例次;“烟囱”技术重建左颈总动脉8例次;“开窗”技术封堵夹层破口,同时保留主动脉弓部所有分支动脉1例次.结果 患者术后均存活,随访时间(25±16)个月.未发生严重神经系统并发症.10例发生左锁骨下动脉Ⅱ型内漏,其中6例通过PDA封堵器隔绝,2例保守治疗后自愈;9例发生左上肢缺血症状,其中8例行保守治疗,另1例症状严重,行颈部动脉搭桥术重建左锁骨下动脉.随访中,所有人工血管和分支动脉支架均保持通畅,降主动脉真腔直径显著扩大,假腔直径逐渐缩小.结论 对累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的StanfordB型主动脉夹层,腔内治疗联合PDA封堵器、颈部动脉搭桥术、“烟囱”技术或“开窗”技术是安全有效的治疗方法.     

外分支支架和内分支支架治疗B型主动脉夹层的近期结果及计算流体力学分析

目的：评估外分支支架和内分支支架胸主动脉腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair, TEVAR）治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（Stanford type B aortic dissection, TBAD）的近期结果,并通过计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）分析两种支架对主动脉夹层血流状态的影响。方法：收集2018年5月至2021年12月天津医科大学总医院血管外科采用外分支支架和内分支支架治疗TBAD病人的临床资料,回顾性分析两组近期治疗结果。基于两组的CT血管造影,各选取1例典型病例构建个性化的三维模型,进行流体力学数值模拟计算。对比分析手术前、后流场速度分布、壁面压力和壁面切应力（wall shear stress, WSS）参数。结果： 共纳入55例TBAD病人,其中外分支支架组49例,内分支支架组6例。两组基线资料差异无统计学意义。两组手术成功率均100%。外分支支架组41例（83.7%）和内分支支架组6例（100%）单纯重建左锁骨下动脉（left subclavical artery, LSA）。外分支支架组5例重建左颈总动脉（left common carotid artery, LCCA）联合颈锁动脉搭桥,2例重建LCCA联合LSA栓塞,1例重建LCCA联合LSA开窗。外分支支架组失访4例。两组围术期及随访期主动脉相关死亡率（P=1.000）、分支支架通畅率（P=1.000）及免于靶血管二次干预率（P=0.298）差异均无统计学意义。两组支架植入术后均显著改善夹层病变内流场紊乱,恢复正常主动脉血流形态,降低局部异常增高的WSS。内分支支架对主动脉弓部及分支血流状态的干扰较外分支明显。结论：外分支支架和内分支支架TEVAR重建LSA,治疗TBAD均有较好近期效果。外分支支架相比内分支支架解剖契合度较高,可较大程度恢复主动脉弓部正常血流状态。     

激光原位开窗保留左锁骨下动脉治疗主动脉弓部病变的经验与结果

目的探讨TEVAR结合激光原位开窗(in situ laser-generated fenestration,ISLF)保留左锁骨下动脉治疗主动脉弓部扩张性疾病的早、中期疗效。方法回顾性分析山东第一医科大学附属中心医院2017年6月至2019年9月接受TEVAR结合激光原位开窗保留左锁骨下动脉手术的13例患者资料,行CTA评估术后夹层破口封堵情况、重建左锁骨下动脉的通畅情况、主动脉重塑情况和支架相关不良事件发生情况。结果 ISLF在12例患者取得成功,技术成功率92.3%。1例开窗失败而采用"烟囱"技术成功重建左锁骨下动脉;1例因主体覆膜支架释放时覆盖左颈总动脉,同样采用"烟囱"技术重建左颈总动脉。患者围术期未发生因使用激光而导致的并发症,无内漏及脑血管意外。2例患者在撤出主体支架系统时出现髂动脉破裂,1例抢救无效死亡,院内死亡率7.7%。术后随访3～18(9.9±5.2)个月,患者破口封堵完善,主体支架及左锁骨下动脉支架无变形移位,无内漏的发生。1例出现无症状左锁骨下动脉支架近端血栓形成,其余患者左锁骨下动脉支架通畅性良好,通畅率91.7%。夹层胸主动脉段完全血栓化且真腔明显扩大,假腔、壁间血肿厚度明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);穿透性溃疡局部均完全血栓化。结论 TEVAR结合ISLF是治疗主动脉弓部疾病保留左锁骨下动脉安全且有效的选择,技术成功率高,并发症发生率低,有良好的通畅性及主动脉重塑,疗效确切。     

支架自显影定位法体外开窗技术在主动脉弓部腔内修复术中的应用：附113例国际多中心病例回顾性分析

背景与目的：胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已成为治疗降主动脉疾病的一线治疗方式。在治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病时,体外开窗（PMF）是目前常用于重建弓部分支动脉的技术之一。它是指在选择合适的主动脉覆膜支架后,根据弓上分支动脉的位置,在覆膜支架相应位置上除去覆膜,建立人造的“窗孔”,在将有窗孔的大动脉支架准确对位释放后再释放分支支架。本文介绍一种利用主动脉支架本身所携带的不透X线标志快速、准确地将窗孔与分支动脉开口对准的开窗方法—支架自显影定位PMF技术（S-F技术）,并通过总结利用该方法进行TEVAR的一组患者临床资料和手术以及随访数据,探讨利用S-F技术在主动脉弓部疾病腔内治疗中的技术特点和其应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析2015年12月—2020年6月利用S-F技术行TEVAR治疗的中国湖南中南大学湘雅二医院血管外科和其他7个国家的国家级血管外科中心共113例主动脉弓部疾病患者的基本数据、术中技术数据和术后随访数据。 结果：患者均根据S-F技术的操作标准流程进行的TEVAR,即时手术成功率为100%,共植入胸主动脉覆膜支架118枚,其中植入桥接支架35例。手术时间（62.9±17.4）min,X线操作时间（23.1±9.8）min,造影剂用量（81.2±22.5）mL。术中开窗对位准确率为98.2%。补救性植入烟囱支架1例（0.9%）,矫正后对位回准1例（0.9%）。开窗同时保留弓上三分支动脉2例（1.8%）,开窗同时保留左颈总动脉（LCCA）和左锁骨下动脉（LSA）6例（5.3%）,保留LSA 110例（97.3%）。术后1个月内无死亡病例,无严重并发症发生。术后1周复查发现Ⅰ型内漏7例（6.2%）。随访时间中位时间24.5个月,死亡2例（1.8%）;术后分支动脉闭塞3例（2.7%）,分别发生在术后3个月（2例）和术后6个月（1例）。 结论：S-F技术为治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病重建弓上分支动脉提供了一种可供选择的方法,是全腔内重建主动脉弓部方法技术上的一项进步。     

“烟囱”技术在累及主动脉弓部血管的动脉夹层腔内修复术中的应用

目的探讨"烟囱"技术在主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术中保留重要分支动脉的作用及疗效。方法对2009年6月—2010年2月收治的8名第一破口位于主动脉弓部重要分支附近、腔内修复治疗近端锚定区不足的主动脉夹层患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。在DSA下对夹层第一破口及左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉开口行腔内隔绝的同时,以"烟囱"支架重建左颈总动脉的血流。术后2周行螺旋CT检查,观察疗效以及有无内漏、支架移位等并发症。结果手术成功率100%,无I型内漏发生,2例发生左锁骨下动脉延迟性返血。术后随访2～10个月,主动脉内支架型人工血管位置良好,左颈动脉内"烟囱"支架保持通畅,无移植物相关的漏血发生。2例左锁骨下动脉延迟性返血的患者中,1例于术后2周消失,1例随访5个月持续存在,但为微量且有减少趋势。结论 "烟囱"技术可以为第一破口位于弓部重要分支动脉附近的动脉夹层患者,提供腔内隔绝术治疗机会,避免主动脉弓部血管重建开放手术带来的大的创伤。短期随访结果满意,远期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

杂交或腔内修复术治疗B型主动脉夹层合并迷走锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩室的疗效分析

目的:探讨杂交或腔内修复术治疗B型主动脉夹层合并迷走锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩室的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月—2016年12月收治的5例主动脉夹层合并迷走锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩室患者的临床资料,总结患者主动脉弓变异情况、近端破口位置、手术方式,以及围手术期与随访情况。结果:根据患者的主动脉弓变异情况与近端破口位置,2例行杂交手术,3例行单纯腔内修复术。手术时间90~538 min,平均294 min。术后即时造影显示破口封堵完全,主动脉分支或旁路血流正常。1例患者于术后1周因大面积小脑梗死而死亡,其余4例患者术后随访期间均存活,无脑部及上肢缺血症状,支架无移位,无内漏。结论:主动脉分支异常走形以及脆弱的Kommerell憩室给手术带来不便。杂交或腔内修复术治疗主动脉夹层合并迷走锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩室可行,但治疗经验还需要进一步积累,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

主动脉夹层TEVAR术后远端破口的临床分型及手术时机的选择

目的 探讨主动脉夹层TEVAR术后远端破口的治疗方法.方法 对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2006年1月-2012年4月168例行TEVAR的Stamford B型主动脉夹层患者的病例资料进行同顾性分析,根据远端破口位置的不同将其分为4型:Ⅰ型:破口位于支架尾部;Ⅱ型:破口位于胸腹主动脉,距离内脏动脉较近或累及内脏动脉;Ⅲ型:破口位于肾下腹主动脉,破口未累及内脏动脉;Ⅳ型:破口位于髂动脉.据此分型标准,对主动脉夹层TEVAR术后发生远端破口的82例患者制定相应的治疗策略并决定手术时机.结果 有82例患者支架远端仍有破口,临床分型为Ⅰ型:12例出现支架尾部破口,均行支架远端破口腔内隔绝术;Ⅱ型:47例破口位于腹主动脉并累计内脏动脉,经随访,其中4例在随访中发现假腔持续扩大或伴有症状,行“杂交”手术,即先行内脏动脉重建(髂动脉-双肾动脉,髂动脉-肠系膜上动脉,髂动脉-腹腔干人工血管搭桥术),二期行胸腹主动脉腔内隔绝术.43例患者随访发现假腔无扩大,目前继续随访.Ⅲ型:13例破口位于肾下腹主动脉,均行腔内隔绝术.Ⅳ型:10例破口位于髂动脉,均行腔内隔绝术.术后围手术期无死亡.82例患者获得随访,随访时间10 ～36个月,平均随访时间(25.6±8.4)个月,在随访过程中未发现并发症.结论 对于TEVAR术后远端破口,应根据个体情况,结合临床分型选择适宜的手术时机和手术方式,从而达到满意的治疗效果.     

单分支主动脉覆膜支架修复伴锚定区不足的急性Stanford B型夹层：附8例报告

背景与目的 单分支型主动脉覆膜支架及其传输系统是近年国内研发的新型支架系统,适用于锚定区不足的主动脉夹层,是累及左锁骨下动脉（LSA）主动脉夹层的新选择。笔者通过总结使用该支架系统行胸主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术（TEVAR）治疗锚定区不足的急性Stanford B型的病例,评估其近期效果与安全性。方法 回顾性收集2019年4月—2020年1月,在云南省阜外心血管病医院血管外科采用Castor^?一体化分支型主动脉覆膜支架行TEVAR的Stanford B型夹层伴锚定区不足的8例患者的临床资料。分析手术过程及围手术期并发症情况。结果 8例患者中,男7例（87.5%）,女1例（12.5%）;中位年龄42（33~64）岁;BMI（25.5±3.8）kg/m²。8例均成功植入支架,初始技术成功率100%,无围手术期死亡及神经系统并发症,无I型内漏。平均住院时间为（14.8±3.7）d。平均随访时间为223（60~370）d,所有主体、分支支架血管通畅、无相关I和III型内漏,无神经系统并发症,无左上肢缺血表现。结论 应用单分支覆膜支架行TEVAR治疗Stanford B型夹层伴锚定区不足是一种安全、有效的方法,中远期疗效有待随访。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92