不同麻醉方法用于腹腔镜子宫切除术

目的:对单纯全身麻醉与全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞在妇科腹腔镜子宫切除术的血流动力学变化、麻醉用药量以及血糖浓度进行比较。方法:选择50例腹腔镜下行子宫切除的患者为研究对象,随机分成单纯全身麻醉组和全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞组。对单纯全身麻醉组使用丙泊酚、维库溴铵以及异氟醚吸入;对全身麻醉复合硬膜外导管间断的给予利多卡因,并辅助丙泊酚和异氟醚吸入。结果:在手术中麻醉维持用药量,单纯全身麻醉组吸入异氟醚和丙泊酚、维库溴铵的用药量要大于全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在手术开始后的血糖浓度比诱导前都显著的升高(P<0.01),子宫切除及拔管后全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞组的血糖浓度都要低于单纯麻醉组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:全身麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞有利于腹腔镜手术中的应激反应和改善糖代谢,使全身麻醉用药量减少,苏醒和拔管的时间缩短。全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉是腹腔镜手术理想的麻醉方法。     

连续高位硬膜外阻滞复合芬太尼-丙泊酚-咪唑安定镇静催眠的临床观察

目的观察连续高位硬膜外阻滞下复合芬太尼-丙泊酚-咪唑安定的镇静效果。方法40例高位硬膜外阻滞完善病例静注芬太尼等,与40例高位硬膜外阻滞完善无用静脉药病例比较,结果连续高位硬外阻滞复合芬太尼-丙泊酚-咪唑安定镇静催眠效果甚佳。结论连续高位硬外阻滞复合芬太尼-丙泊酚-咪唑安定具有镇静、遗忘、抗焦虑作用,苏醒完全,值得推广。     

硬膜外阻滞复合静脉全麻在下腹部腹腔镜手术中的应用

单纯硬膜外阻滞麻醉能满足下腹部开腹手术,但下腹部腹腔手术的镇痛、镇静、肌松要求都比开腹手术高,还要让病人感到舒适,单纯的硬膜外阻滞麻醉具有镇痛完全,肌松良好的优点,但不能满足下腹部腹腔镜手术的要求,必须复合静脉麻醉让病人在安静睡眠状态下才能完成手术。所以我们选用硬膜外阻滞复合小剂量丙泊酚与氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于下腹部腹腔镜手术,其肌松、镇痛、镇静效果好,能满足手术要求,术中生命体征波动不大,术毕苏醒快,苏醒过程简单,并且比静吸复合麻醉经济,能减轻病人经济负担。     

全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的:观察全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞与全身麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的麻醉效果。方法:40例ASAⅠ级和Ⅱ级妇科腹腔镜手术患者,随机分为A、B两组,A组为全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞;B组为全身麻醉。全身麻醉维持用丙泊酚、阿曲库胺和异氟醚吸入,记录两组全身麻醉维持药量,术中血流动力学变化,完全清醒的时间,拔管时间及清醒质量。结果:A组全身麻醉维持药量小于组B(P<0.01);A组MAP低于,HR慢于B组(P<0.05);A组术毕完全清醒时间,拔管时间短于组B(P<0.01);A组清醒质量明显优于B组(P<0.01)。结论:全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞有利于抑制妇科腹腔镜手术的应激反映,使全身麻醉药量减少,苏醒和拔管的时间缩短,有利于手术操作。     

连续硬膜外阻滞复合基础麻醉在小儿腹股沟区手术应用

目的:观察连续硬膜外阻滞复合基础麻醉小儿腹股沟区手术的有效性及安全性。方法:60例腹股沟区需手术的患儿,随机分为2组,A组(连续硬膜外阻滞复合基础麻醉)、B组(氯胺酮肌注基础麻醉加氯胺酮﹑咪唑安定静脉麻醉)。结果:2组患儿手术麻醉都较顺利,A组氯胺酮用量和苏醒期不良反应明显优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:小儿连续硬膜外阻滞复合基础麻醉术后清醒速度较(氯胺酮肌注基础麻醉加氯胺酮﹑咪唑安定静脉麻醉)快,费用低,较安全,值得推广。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在食管癌根治术中的运用

硬膜外阻滞与全身麻醉联合技术已广泛应用于胸腹部手术。本文旨在研究静脉全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞，对食管癌根治术中循环功能及苏醒时间的影响。     

全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人苏醒的影响

目的：观察全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人苏醒的影响。方法：随机分为三组,A组全麻后行气管插管机械通气。B组全麻复合硬膜外阻滞。C组方法同B组,只是肌松药用氯化琥珀胆碱2mg/kg。三组病人均在胆囊切下后停止输入丙泊酚,术中均输入乳酸纳林格液500mL,术毕病人清醒直接送入病房。结果：A组麻醉药用量明显高于B、C两组,差别有统计学意义见。三组间睁眼时间、拔管时间差别均有统计学意义,A组时间明显延长,明显高于B、C两组,B组与C组间差别无统计学意义。结论：全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中比较适宜。     

全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞在上腹部手术中的应用

目的:比较全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞和全身麻醉在上腹部手术中的应用效果。方法:选择84例择期上腹部手术患者,随机分为全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞组和全身麻醉组,对患者的全身麻醉用药量、平均动脉压、心率、苏醒时间和术后躁动等情况进行统计分析。结果:与全身麻醉相比,全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞平均动脉压、心率上升幅度明显降低,且全身麻醉用药量少,苏醒时间短,躁动发生率低,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相对于全身麻醉法,全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞法安全有效,适合于在上腹部手术中应用。     

对221例妇科腹腔镜手术的麻醉处理的临床分析

目的探讨静脉全身麻醉与全麻复合硬膜外麻醉2种方法用于妇科腹腔镜手术的特点。方法回顾性分析我院2008年10月至2010年11月收治的腹腔镜妇科手术病例221例,A组：116例,丙泊酚静脉复合麻醉。B组：105例,丙泊酚静脉麻醉加硬膜外阻滞麻醉。观察记录麻醉前后不同时间血压、心率、呼气末二氧化碳分压、脉搏氧饱和度、术毕清醒时间、拔管时间及术中知晓情况。结果静脉全身麻醉组麻醉和气腹对循环、呼吸影响最大,静脉全身麻醉组麻醉和气腹后平均动脉压、心率、呼气末二氧化碳分压明显升高,脉搏氧饱和度不降,术毕清醒时间明显长于全麻复合硬膜外麻醉组,术中知晓发生率介于（P〈0.05）,全麻复合硬膜外麻醉组平均动脉压下降,心率变化不明显（P〉0.05）、呼气末二氧化碳分压、脉搏氧饱和度增加（P〈0.05）;术后清醒和拔管时间快于静脉全身麻醉组,术中疼痛知晓发生率最低（P〈0.01）。2组放气腹后呼气末二氧化碳分压较麻醉前明显增加（P〈0.01）。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞麻醉,麻醉平稳、效果可靠,血流动力学相对稳定,术后苏醒快,费用低,适合妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉。     

丙泊酚与咪唑安定辅助硬膜外阻滞的临床分析

目的探讨丙泊酚与咪唑安定在辅助硬膜阻滞麻醉中的效果。方法40例中下腹部手术患者,根据手术部位均行硬膜外阻滞,手术开始后Ⅰ组静脉注射丙泊酚(2.5mg/kg);Ⅱ组静脉注射咪唑安定(0.05mg/kg);分别观察对麻醉辅助效能、循环功能、呼吸功能的影响。结果丙泊酚组起效时间显著快于咪唑安定组(P<0.05),恢复时间丙泊酚组也显著快于咪唑安定组;丙泊酚组在给药后2 m in收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均降低(P<0.05),5 m in后逐渐恢复正常,而心率逐渐变慢,咪唑安定组对循环系统的影响无统计学意义。两组对呼吸系统均有不同程度的影响,表现为潮气量(VT)、分钟通气量(MV)、经皮血氧饱和度(SaO2)均降低,但丙泊酚组降低幅度大于咪唑安定组,经面罩给氧情况下仍在正常生理范围内。通过观察还发现丙泊酚组在手术探查及冲洗腹腔时牵拉反应轻、肌松好,眀显优于咪唑安定组。结论丙泊酚或咪唑安定在辅助硬膜外阻滞中,均可安全有效提高麻醉质量,但术中应当严密加强呼吸及循环监测和管理,对无明显心脏疾患者,可首选丙泊酚,如合并严重心脏病患者应选用咪唑安定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.