板翅式换热器两相流入口分配结构机理分析

提出了三种两相流板翅式换热器封头型式，即水帘式，打孔管式，孔板式。在可以容许的压降范围内，明显改善了两相流分配的不均匀状况，实验结果表明，孔板式封头的两相分配性能最佳。     

木制品包装容器CAD（I）—普通木箱和滑木箱CAD

提出的木制品包装容器CAD（I）－普通木箱及滑木箱CAD，能使传统的木箱设计实验程序化、自动化，软件采用“菜单模块”。形式、层次分明、中文提示、操作简单方便，可根据产品的特性及要求设计出既节省材料又满足运输条件的木箱包装。     

木制品包装容器CAD（Ⅰ）──普通木箱和滑木箱CAD

提出的木制品包装容器ＣＡＤ（Ⅰ）──普通木箱及沿木箱ＣＡＤ，能使传统的木箱设计实验程序化、自动化，软件采用“菜单模快”。形式、层次分明、中文提示、操作简单方便，可根据产品的特性及要求设计出既节省材料又满足运输条件的木箱包装。     

换热器流量分配特性与换热效率的计算

本文针对换热器的两种入口分配结构：孔板式封头及半圆型封头的分配特性，计算换热器内由于流体分配不均导致的换热效率降低，计算结果表明：同样入口工况下，孔板式封头换热效率降低系数τ仅为半圆型封头的２１％，有着重要的节能降耗意义。     

容易拆装的木箱联接件

容易拆装的木箱联接件目前使用的包装木箱大多采用铁钉联接，在拆阅后往往使木板损坏，难以再用。另外这种包装木箱占用相当空间，运输和存放空箱都不方便。南非一家公司推出一种新型包装本箱，它不用铁钉联接，而采用一种用钢板冲压成型的金属联接件，只需几分钟便可组装...     

换热器流量分配特性与换热效率的计算

针对换热器的两种入口分配结构：孔板式封头及半圆型封头的分配特性，计算换热器内由于流体分配不均导致的换热效率降低。计算结果表明：同样入口工况下，孔板式封头换热效率降低系数τ仅为半圆型封头的21％，有着重要的节能降耗意义。     

深度解读《GBT7284-2016框架木箱》标准(一)

正一、前言《GB/T 7284-2016框架木箱》、《GB/T 18925-2016滑木箱》和《GB/T 12462-2016普通木箱》三项国家标准已于2016年2月24日发布,并分别于同年5月15日、5月5日和5月15日实施。这三个标准之中,《GB/T 7284-2016框架木箱》标准是重中之重,是最基本的。其余两个标准的制定都引用了它。只要搞清楚了这个标准中框架木箱设计的基本理念,滑木箱和普通木箱标准就不难理解了。所以,以下主要是对《GB/T 7284-2016框架木箱》标准中框架木     

钢带捆扎对木箱强度的影响

从力学角度分析了钢带捆扎对木箱强度的影响，指出木箱经钢带捆扎后，可减小箱底的最大弯矩，提高木箱的承载能力和减少板厚。同时还在无支撑间隔的基础上，详细介绍了钢带捆扎的设计方法。     

运输包装新动向

最近几年来，国外运输包装正在向托盘集装化、集装箱化方向发展，并取得了一定的成绩，对我们有一定的启发。托盘集装化包装具有装填量多，管理、使用方便和节省运输费用等特点。美国是首先使包装木箱大型托盘化的国家。Plea－tinny兵工厂率先制造了可装86发火箭弹的大型托盘木箱，以代替装弹总共45发，体积相差不多的三只普通木箱。接着又制造了可装42发炮弹的大型木箱以取代装弹数相同的21只普通木箱。其次，美国陆军研制出了大型托盘型丝捆木箱，该箱用作外包装箱，能盛装38发用沥青纸筒包装的反坦克教练弹，总重量为11034kg，体积为132…     

世界包装之新

容易拆装的木箱联接件目前使用的包装木箱大多采用铁钉联接,在拆卸后往往使木板损坏,难以再用。另外,这种包装木箱占用相当空间,运输和存放空箱都不方便。南非一家公司推出一种新型包装木箱,它不用铁钉联接,而采用一种用钢板冲压成型的金属联接件,只需几分钟便可组装或拆卸一个木箱。拆箱后木板完好无损,叠放储存     

基于SolidWorks的滑木箱参数化设计

利用传统方法设计木箱是个繁杂的工作,且效率低下。利用VisualBasic语言,并结合Access数据库,对SolidWorks软件进行二次开发,开发了滑木箱参数化设计系统。详细介绍了数据库、标准模型库的建立以及参数化设计过程,并通过实例展示了系统的具体功能,用户只要输入基本参数,系统即可生成符合要求的木箱,实现了木箱设计的程序化、自动化。     

Study in the design and manufacture process ofthe elastic cable anchor box in steel box girder of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.     

压痕形状对瓦楞纸箱抗压强度影响的试验

目的 在不同形状的压痕条件下,对瓦楞纸箱进行抗压试验,研究纸箱的变形情况和抗压能力。方法 首先设计无压痕纸箱、一字型压痕箱、八字型压痕箱以及菱形压痕箱;其次将各种压痕形状下的纸箱,利用纸箱抗压试验机进行空箱抗压实验,记录各自的最大压溃力;最后对实验数据进行分析,明确抗压强度与压痕形状的关系。结果 不同压痕形状对瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度有不同程度的影响,其中菱形影响最大。菱形压痕通过阻碍纸箱变形趋势可提高瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度。结论 在瓦楞纸箱侧板上通过施加阻碍纸箱工字型变形的压痕（如菱形压痕）,可以增加瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度,对瓦楞纸箱的生产设计具有参考意义。     

Performance and application study of silane coupling agent (KH550) modified wood fiber-fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites

In this paper, the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared. In order to improve the bonding properties between wooden fiber/fly ash cenosphere and epoxy resin, the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent. The effects of different process parameters on the surface modification effect of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the materials before and after the filler modification were tested, and the microscopic interfacial structures of the matrix with wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, based on LS-DYNA simulation software, the energy-absorbing performance of energy-absorbing boxes prepared from AA6061 aluminum alloy and modified wooden fiber-fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites were compared in low-velocity collisions.     

南荻生态包装箱的全生命周期评价比较研究

目的 对南荻生态包装箱和传统木质胶合板包装箱的全生命周期进行环境影响比较分析,探索前者对后者的生态替代性。方法 文中基于生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA),使用ReCiPe 2016方法对2种包装箱的18种环境影响类型展开全生命周期的LCA研究。结果 南荻生态包装箱全生命周期环境影响单一分值为3.08 Pt,包装箱生产、运输和废弃物处置阶段占比分别为68%、8%、24%;传统木质胶合板包装箱全生命周期环境影响单一分值为3.61 Pt,包装箱生产、运输和废弃物处置阶段占比分别为75%、6%、19%;前者较之后者每功能单位减少14.7%的环境影响。结论 结果表明南荻生态包装箱整体环境表现优于传统木质胶合板包装箱,南荻刨花板用量的减少带来的环境效益最大,循环利用包装箱及其生物质,以及改进包装箱尺寸设计也是减少化石资源消耗的可能途径。在洞庭湖造纸业全面退出情境下,研究为决策者在技术和环境层面选择南荻的利用方式提供了依据。     

薄钢板材包装用木托架的受力分析和结构优化

基于薄钢板材运输包装木托架的合理设计要求,分析了流通环境中的薄钢板材包装木托架的具体工况,进行了典型工况下木托架的受力分析,建立了相应的力学模型。根据力学模型对木托架的尺寸和结构进行了优化,初步获得了兼顾木托架承载性能与成本的设计方法。     

„Man lasse doch diese Dinge selber einmal sprechen“

“Let these things speak for themselves”. Experiment Kits, Instruction Manuals, and Narratives between 1870 and 1930 Experiment kits, such as physical cabinets, chemistry sets, and electricity kits designed for amateurs and children, gained huge popularity in Germany around 1900. These home laboratories connected themselves to the things of everyday life as objects of investigation and everyday knowledge as their framework of reference. In the previous centuries, portable laboratories had already accompanied travelling scientists and intellectuals. Experiment kits however, while still portable, were designed to serve as extensions of classrooms and lecture halls. The kits – available through teaching materials catalogues and early forms of mail-order catalogues – illustrate the increased attention that was given to experimental practices in general education between 1870 and 1930. An examination of these objects, which consisted of instruments, substances, and supplementary contents arranged in wooden, metal, or paper boxes, together with an analysis of their instruction manuals, shows how the miniature laboratories structured the spaces within which experiments were supposed to take place.     

A simplified life cycle assessment of re‐usable and single‐use bulk transit packaging

A streamlined (simplified) life cycle assessment of a conventional wooden pallet and an all‐weather, washable, re‐usable and fully recyclable plastic bulk transit packaging system used to transport empty yoghurt pottles, has been conducted using surrogate/proxy data from the Environmental Priorities Strategy (EPS) 2000 Default Method. This paper accounts for the life cycle inventory for each material used in the two transit packaging systems and their associated fabrication processes. The life cycle assessment was simplified by ignoring common factors such as the common nylon strap of both packaging systems, the common in‐house transportation, and the manufacture and maintenance of capital equipment. The system boundaries and assumptions made are also discussed. The functional unit adopted was the Environmental Load Units (ELU) of the EPS 2000 Default Method. The grand overall ELU for the wooden pallet and plastic packaging system are computed by considering the weight of the material, the volume of inventory and the distance travelled. The ELU of the wooden pallet was 18.455, while that for the plastic packaging was 4.574 at a 96.5% level of certainty. In the case of the wooden pallet, truck transport, the corrugated cardboard boxes and the LDPE liner and shrinkwrap impacted the environment most, while for the plastic packaging system truck transport and the LDPE liner were significant. The plastic packaging has a lower environmental impact than the wooden pallet for various reasons. It is lighter in weight, has more re‐usable parts and can transport more yoghurt pottles per trip. It has a long service life and is virtually fully recyclable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

部分固体氧化剂运输软包装设计

针对固体氧化剂中二、三类固体氧化剂的传统运输包装问题,分析了目前采用的钢桶或木箱包装的不足,提出运输软包装设计并运用试验方法进行验证,使之包装更趋于合理化.     

基于Ansys Workbench的机电产品木质包装箱的结构优化

目的为了节约木材资源,降低包装箱的生产成本,优化某型机电产品木质包装箱的结构尺寸。方法根据产品的外形尺寸、质量分布和运输要求,利用UG软件设计木质包装箱的结构,将其主要承载构件――枕木和纵梁的三维模型导入Ansys Workbench中,然后建立枕木和纵梁的优化模型进行迭代分析求解,获得枕木和纵梁截面尺寸、最大挠度和体积的最优解,再对优化前后的枕木和纵梁结构进行有限元分析比较。结果在满足弯曲强度和刚度的条件下,枕木的最优截面宽度和高度为0.044 m和0.032 m,纵梁的最优截面宽度和高度为0.148m和0.158m;优化后枕木和纵梁的总体积分别降低了41.324%和8.661%,包装箱总质量降低了34.79kg,实现了减少木材用量的优化目标。结论合理增大枕木和纵梁的截面高度可提高其刚度,适当减小枕木和纵梁的截面宽度可显著降低其体积和质量。