Performance analysis of Virtual Mobility Domain scheme vs. IPv6 mobility protocols

The population of mobile users seeking connectivity to the Internet has been growing over the years, spurred by the capabilities of handsets and the increasing rich Internet content and services. Mobility management to enable efficient Internet access for users on the move is thus gaining significance. IETF has standardized several protocols such as Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, and Proxy Mobile IPv6 to provide mobility management on the IP network. With future Internet design initiatives gaining momentum, it is important that these initiatives consider mobility management as an integral part of the design. In this article, we introduce the concept of Virtual Mobility Domain and describe the main features and key strengths of Virtual Mobility Domain that are designed to provide mobility management in a newly proposed tiered Internet architecture. Instead of IP addressing, the proposed Virtual Mobility Domain uses a tiered-addressing scheme to identify a mobile node with a single address regardless of its location. The tiered addressing provides a dynamic address length which brings less signaling overhead and scalable management. We also propose a collaborative network-based mobility management mechanism to provide low-latency handoffs and less processing-overhead on the mobile node compared to the IPv6-based protocols. The proposed mobility scheme unifies inter and intra-domain mobility management by introducing common anchor cloud concept which provides a distributed management and seamless mobility experience. We present comparative qualitative and quantitative performance analysis of Virtual Mobility Domain and aforementioned IPv6-based mobility protocols for Intra-AS roaming support. We examine handoff latency and signaling overhead performance of each protocol based on numerical results retrieved from analytical models and OPNET modeler based simulations. The results from a comparative performance study show the potential for more efficient mobility management under the proposed Internet architecture.     

Mobile IPv6 deployments: Graph-based analysis and practical guidelines

The Mobile IPv6 protocol is a major solution to supply mobility services on the Internet. Many networking vendors have already implemented it in their operating systems and equipments. Moreover, it was recently selected to provide permanent IP addresses to end-users of WiMAX and 3GPP2. Mobile IPv6 relies on a specific router called the home agent that hides location changes of the mobile nodes from the rest of the Internet. To do so, the mobile nodes’ traffic must flow through the home agent. This mandatory deviation produces longer paths and higher communication delays.In order to solve these problems, we describe a new approach to address deployments of Mobile IPv6 based on graph theory and could be applied to any operator’s network. In particular, we use notions of centrality in graphs to quantify increases of communication distances induced by dogleg routing and identify relevant home agents locations. We evaluate this approach using real-world network topologies and show that the obtained Mobile IPv6 performance could be close to direct paths ones. The proposed algorithm is generic and can be used to achieve efficient deployments of Mobile IPv6 as well as Home Agent Migration: a new Mobile IPv6 architecture using several distributed home agents.     

威胁移动IPv6安全性能的深入研究

移动IPv6（MIPv6）是IPv6互联网的网络层移动协议。这种协议包含了一些安全机制,比如转交地址（CoA）的迁回路由测试（RRT）。这篇论文描述了一些对迂回路由的攻击措施,并设计针对这些攻击的能动的保护措施。虽然现已有的很多成熟的移动网络协议．但是一些细节的推理仍然没有得到验证。     

MIPv6切换性能测量和瓶颈分析

MIPv6(mobile IPv6)是IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)工作组提出的IP层移动解决方案.切换是影响MIPv6性能的关键因素.从网络层、传输层和应用层3个层次测量分析MIPv6切换性能,确定协议层次性能相互影响与切换性能瓶颈.根据网络层切换过程,改进其测量移动检测时延的方法,测量MIPv6各个阶段的切换时延并提出减少各阶段时延的建议,分析发现切换性能瓶颈.进一步完成传输层性能测量,分析移动切换对TCP滑动窗口的影响,发现TCP的特性将影响切换过程中上层应用的性能;以FTP应用为例,测量并分析了移动切换对上层应用的影响.相关结论对设计高效的移动切换协议提供了研究基础.     

移动IPv6的路由特性分析

移动IPv6是为了使各种移动设备在下一代IP网络间实现无缝漫游而设计发展的路由协议。尽管在移动IPv4中已经解决了节点移动的问题,但由于IPv4本身的限制,它无法解决各种节点和网络移动组合的路由情况。文章在移动IPv6下,不仅对节点移动,还对网络移动的路由特性进行了分析。     

威胁移动IPv6安全性能的深入研究

移动IPv6(MIPv6)是IPv6互联网的网络层移动协议。这种协议包含了一些安全机制,比如转交地址(CoA)的迂回路由测试(RRT)。这篇论文描述了一些对迂回路由的攻击措施,并设计针对这些攻击的能动的保护措施。虽然现已有的很多成熟的移动网络协议,但是一些细节的推理仍然没有得到验证。     

Mobility management for IP-based next generation mobile networks: Review, challenge and perspective

IP Mobility management protocols are divided into two kinds of category: host-based and network-based mobility protocol. The former category, such as MIPv6 protocol and its enhancements (e.g., HMIPv6 and FMIPv6), supports the mobility of a Mobile Node (MN) to roam across network domains. This is done through the involvement of MN in the mobility-related signalling, which requires protocol stack modification and IP address changes on the MN. The latter category, such as PMIPv6 protocol, handles mobility management on behalf of the MN thereby enabling it to connect and roam within localized domains, which requires neither protocol stack modification nor IP address change of the MN. PMIPv6 attracts attention in the Internet and telecommunication societies by improving the performance of the MN's communication to fulfil the requirements of QoS for real-time services. In this article, we present IPv6 features to support mobile systems and survey the mobility management services along with their techniques, strategies and protocol categories, and elaborate upon the classification and comparison among various mobility management protocols. Furthermore, it identifies and discusses several issues and challenges facing mobility management along with an evaluation and comparison of several relevant mobility studies.     

支持主机移动的组播协议的性能评价

使用移动IP协议可以使主机移动到Internet的任何区域都能够保持与其它节点之间的通信。IP组播能够高效传输大量数据到一组接收者,可有效利用网络带宽。随着大量移动设备接入Internet,支持主机移动的组播协议已成为人们研究的问题之一。文章首先给出评价支持主机移动的组播协议性能的标准,然后详细介绍了目前已经提出的主要移动组播协议,并进行了性能分析和对比,最后探讨了移动组播的研究方向和发展趋势。     

移动IPv6接入技术研究

移动IPv6技术可支持网络访问的双向性、移动性,以及实时多媒体业务等。当前的移动IPv6协议及NEMO协议虽然较支持了移动性。然而其仅能支持单一的网络接口通信。本文对移动IPv6多接入问题,开展了研究。本文对IPv6协议及NEMO协议进行了详细的分析,提出了一种移动IPv6多接入技术详细设计方案。     

基于虚接口的移动IPv6协议的设计与实现

随着基于无线接入的IP业务应用需求不断增长,在下一代互联网中实现对移动性的支持变得越来越重要．本文介绍了在面向边缘网络接入应用的IPv6路由器原型系统中移动IPv6协议的具体实现．为了实现这一协议,文章分析了移动IPv6协议的特点,并借鉴虚拟网络（Virtual Networks）的思想提出了基于虚接口的设计和实现方岳,其主要优点是降低了协议开发的复杂度．该方法也可以用于实现其它的Internet高层协议．     

基于移动Ipv6安全问题的分析

移动IPv6提供对节点移动和网络移动的支持,是目前优秀的支持移动接入的网络协议。通过对移动IPv6的逻辑结构、技术特点的讨论,分析移动IPv6所面临的安全性问题,给出解决方案,分析了移动IPv6今后可能面临的问题。     

分层移动IP网络的自适应移动性管理

移动IP(mobile IP,MIP)使主机在移动过程中不需改变IP地址便可连续访问Internet,其主要缺点是主机在移动过程中需要频繁地进行绑定更新,产生的信令开销较大。为降低移动IPv6的信令开销,IETF(Internet engineering task force)提出了分层移动IPv6(hierarchical mobile IPv6,HMIPv6)协议。基于HMIPv6,提出了一种自适应的分层移动性管理方案。这种方案采用模糊逻辑,根据移动主机的移动次数及移动性管理代价,动态选取MAP(mobility anchor point)并调整MAP区域所管辖的接入路由器个数。仿真分析表明,所提出的方案的代价优于固定MAP区域的移动性管理方案。     

基于SIP的移动性管理

几个无线技术论坛,比如3GPP2,已经决定采用SIP作为移动因特网会话管理的信令协议,很显然SIP将成为移动因特网协议结构中不可分割的一部分。详细描述了怎样使用SIP对终端和个人移动性的支持。移动IP虽然使得移动性对更高层是透明的,但是它也带来了三角路由和隧道管理等问题,而SIP在应用层对移动性进行管理,对于实时通信来说,这种方案更加有效。     

Mobile IPv6 and the future of wireless Internet access

Wireless technology is increasingly being used for Internet access and other IP-based communications. To make it easier for wireless users to exploit this trend, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designed Mobile IP version 4 in 1996. However, MIPv4 has not been deployed widely enough to provide much mobility and has several major shortcomings, including a cumbersome communications process and a limited number of IP addresses. The latter is a key problem because the number of mobile devices that need their own IP address to access the Internet is increasing rapidly. To overcome these deficiencies and introduce new capabilities, the IETF has been developing MIPv6. MIPv6 makes many more IP addresses available and lets mobile users stay connected to the Internet as they move between networks. The paper discusses MIPv6 implementation.     

Performance of intelligent Mobile IPv6

Mobile IP is the current standard proposed by IETF for mobility management in IP networks. Mobile node communicating with static correspondent node (CN) has been considered in previous performance studies. We propose the mobility of CN and two additional mobility combinations for Mobile IP in this paper. CN mobility causes performance degradation in an environment with frequent handoffs. A new scheme for Mobile IPv6 called Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is proposed. It is observed through simulation results that the performance of Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is better than Mobile IPv6.     

移动IPv6中IPSec的优化方案

移动IPv6是新一代互联网移动通信协议,一经定义便被3G标准技术框架所采纳和推广。但因其移动性、无线链路接入及协议自身的复杂性等特点,移动IPv6也带来了一系列新的安全问题。从其工作机制出发揭示了移动IPv6的安全漏洞,总结了其自身提供的安全措施。其中IPSec是作为一种安全机制被引入IPv6并强制实施。重点分析了IPSec和移动IPv6融合时存在的问题,有针对性地给出了在移动IPv6中应用IPSec的两种优化方案。     

改进的移动IP协议分析

IETF提出的移动IP支持移动节点进行全球的INTERNET上的移动,但是当移动节点进行微移动时,现有的移动IP方案会在网络中产生大量的注册报文,降低网络性能,造成较大的注册延时,从而引起严重的包丢失和通信吞吐量下降,因此有必要加以改进。文章介绍了三级模型、CellularIP和HAWAII等三种改进的移动性IP协议,并进行了详细分析。     

IPv6 Protocol Analyzer

With the emerging of next generation Intemet protocol (IPv6), it is expected to replace the current version of Internet protocol (IPv4) that will be exhausted in the near future. Besides providing adequate address space, some other new features are included into the new 128 bits of IP such as IP auto configuration, quality of service, simple routing capability, security, mobility and multicasting. The current protocol analyzer will not be able to handle IPv6 packets. This paper will focus on developing protocol analyzer that decodes IPv6 packet. IPv6 protocol analyzer is an application module,which is able to decode the IPv6 packet and provide detail breakdown of the construction of the packet. It has to understand the detail construction of the IPv6, and provide a high level abstraction of bits and bytes of the IPv6 packet.Thus it increases network administrators' understanding of a network protocol,helps he/she in solving protocol related problem in a IPv6 network environment.     

网络层移动性管理协议浅析

随着 IPv6 全面部署的推进以及互联网和电信网的深度融合,基于全 IP 架构的移动互联网正成为下一代互联网最基本的特征之一,而全IP移动互联网的实现必须有高效的 IP 层移动性管理协议支撑。本文回顾了基于 IP 的移动性管理协议在最近 20 年的发展历程及其应用现状,比较了基于主机和基于网络的两种移动性管理协议的特征,并通过分析阐述了下一代移动互联网中移动性管理协议的重要发展方向。     

基于NAI和可变传输层标识的移动IPv6方案

该文分析了当前移动IPv6方案的不足,提出了基于NAI和可变传输层标识的移动IPv6方案。该方案提出主机用NAI唯一标识,无固定家乡IP地址,IP地址在网络接入点自动配置。传输层的连接标识绑定到NAI-IP映射表表项而不是IP地址。通过地址改变消息动态改变表项中的IP地址,实现传输层标识随对端IP地址的改变而改变,达到动态匹配,从而保持了传输层的连接,实现了IP移动性。该方案不需要IPv6扩展包头,大大减小了包头长度,提高了数据净荷的传输效率。避免了对每个报文的包头选项处理,提高了处理效率。不需要家乡IP地址,减少了IP地址的占用。