N-乙酰基转移酶基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系

目的探讨N-乙酰基转移酶基因2(NAT2)多态性与肺癌易感性关系。方法采用1∶1配对病例-对照研究,收集江苏省汉族人群原发性肺癌患者215例和相应非肿瘤对照215例。应用PCR-限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测病例组与对照组NAT2基因M1、M2和M3等位基因突变频率,分析NAT2基因多态性与肺癌易感性之间的关系。结果M3等位基因频率在肺鳞癌组和对照组的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.30,P<0.05),携带M3等位基因者患肺鳞癌危险性增加(OR=1.63,95%CI=1.03～2.59),尤其是增加不吸烟者患肺鳞癌的危险性(OR=2.23,95%CI=1.07～4.65)。未发现NAT2乙酰化基因型与肺癌发生有相关性。结论NAT2M3等位基因可能与不吸烟者肺鳞癌易感性有关。     

N-乙酰基转移酶-2基因多态性和环境因素与女性乳腺癌的关系

目的分析N-乙酰基转移酶-2(NAT2)基因多态性和环境因素与女性乳腺癌的关系。方法采用以医院为基础的1∶1配对的病例-对照研究,收集唐山市原发性乳腺癌新发女性患者48例与相应非肿瘤患者48例。以问卷调查收集各研究对象的饮食习惯和生活方式、生理生育、环境暴露和职业接触、既往病史、心理等信息。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测NAT2的野生型等位基因WT、突变型等位基因M1、M2和M3突变频率,分析NAT2基因多态性和环境危险因素与女性乳腺癌的关系。结果被动吸烟大于或等于10年(OR=3.957,95%CI:1.589～10.002)、居住地环境污染(OR=33.571,95%CI:4.270～263.967)、职业接触(OR=9.400,95%CI:1.127～78.405)、烹调时使用排油设备(OR=0.177,95%CI:0.060～0.529)、农药的使用(OR=28.200,95%CI:3.576～222.389)等是乳腺癌的环境危险因素。携带M2、M3等位基因可能是乳腺癌的危险因素,OR值分别为2.563(95%CI:1.155～5.707)和2.083(95%CI:1.068～4.062),而M1等位基因频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.447,P>0.05)。病例组与对照组突变杂合子基因型(WT/Mx)分布频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.021,P>0.05),而两组间突变纯合子(Mx/Mx)分布频率差异有统计学意义(OR=3.545,95%CI:1.141～11.015)。慢乙酰化表型者患乳腺癌的风险是快乙酰化表型者的3.364倍(χ2=7.599,P<0.05)。分层分析发现NAT2慢乙酰化表型与被动吸烟大于或等于10年存在交互作用(OR=9.917,95%CI:1.597～61.597)。结论 NAT2基因多态性和部分环境危险因素与乳腺癌发病存在统计学关联。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶A1298C多态性与胃癌易感性的关系

[目的]探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的关系及与环境因素的交互作用。[方法]收集南京市原发性胃癌患者169例,采用1:1病例-对照研究方法随机选取非消化系统疾病、非肿瘤病人为对照,进行流行病学调查,取外周血,采用限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析研究对象MTHFR1298位点的多态性,并分析MTHFR1298基因多态性与烟酒嗜好在胃癌发生中的交互作用。[结果]MTHFR1298C等位基因在病例组与对照组中的频率分别为21.6%和13.0%,差异具有显著性(χ2=8.693,P=0.003,OR=1.841,95%CI=1.223~2.772)。携带MTHFR1298A/C基因型者患胃癌危险性增高(χ2=10.994,P=0.001,OR=2.160,95%CI=1.365~3.419),携带A/C基因型同时又吸烟者患胃癌的危险性是A/A型不吸烟者的3.289倍(χ2=10.002,P=0.002,95%CI=1.573~6.880),携带A/C基因型不饮酒者患胃癌的危险性是携带A/A基因型不饮酒者的2.726倍(χ2=12.459,P<0.001,95%CI=1.562~4.758),同时携带A/C基因型、吸烟、饮酒者患胃癌的危险性是携带A/A基因型、不吸烟、不饮酒者的2.394倍(χ2=3.933,P=0.047,95%CI=1.010~5.672)。[结论]MTHFR1298A/C基因型可增加胃癌易感性,并与吸烟、饮酒间存在交互作用。     

山东地区汉族健康人群N-乙酰基转移酶基因多态性分布

[目的]探讨山东地区健康汉族人群N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性分布规律。[方法]采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP),检测200名山东地区汉族健康人群NAT2基因多态性,并与其他地区人群进行比较。[结果]NAT2等位基因频率分别为:NAT2*4(56.0%)、NAT2*5B(12.0%)、NAT2*6A(16.5%)、NAT2*7B(15.5%),与浙江健康汉族人群NAT2等位基因频率分布比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.54,P﹥0.05);NAT2各基因型频率分别为:NAT2*4/*4(36.0%),NAT2*4/*7B(15.0%),NAT2*4/*6A(14.0%),NAT2*4/*5B(11.0%),NAT2*6A/*7B(6.0%),NAT2*6A/*6A(5.0%),NAT2*5B/*7B(4.0%),NAT2*5B/*5B(3.0%),NAT2*5B/*6A(3.0%),NAT2*7B/*7B(3.0%),符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(χ2=13.35,0.10﹤P﹤0.25);基因型分类:快乙酰化基因型(36%)、中间乙酰化基因型(40%)、慢乙酰化基因型(24%);表型:快型乙酰化(76%)、慢型乙酰化表型(24%)。[结论]山东地区汉族健康人群中频率最高的等位基因是NAT2*4,频率最低的等位基因是NAT2*5B,与中国浙江地区相近,与其他地区不同。最常见基因型为NAT2*4/*4,其次是NAT2*4/*7B,NAT2*4/*6A,NAT2*4/*5B,其他少见。表型以快型乙酰化为主。     

5种基因与某些环境因素在肺癌发生中交互作用的单纯病例研究

[目的]研究环境暴露因素与基因多态性对肺癌发生危险性的影响。[方法]对227例原发性肺癌病人进行单纯病例研究,应用Logistic回归对CYP1A1、mEH、NAT2、NQO1、XRCC3基因多态性与多种环境危险因素之间的交互作用进行了分析。[结果]吸烟指数超过20包年者携带CYP1A1至少一个MspⅠ突变等位基因的基因型的频率高于不吸烟者(OR=1.55,95%CI=1.15~2.09;ORadj=1.39,95%CIadj=0.94~2.07)。NAT2慢代谢基因型与烹饪时厨房充满油烟味存在一定交互作用(OR=1.96,95%CI=0.95~4.07;ORadj=2.15,95%CIadj=1.01~4.57)。未发现其它代谢酶和修复酶基因与环境因素之间存在明显交互作用。[结论]携带CYP1A1MspⅠ易感基因型同时吸烟指数超过20包年,NAT2慢代谢基因型同时长期油烟暴露可能增加肺癌发生的危险性。今后应加大样本含量,进行多基因与环境因素之间的联合作用分析。     

CYP1A1基因多态性与肺癌个体易感性研究

[目的 ]探讨CYP1A1Msp1和Ile/Val多态性单独或联合作用 ,对肺癌易感性的影响。 [方法 ]以病例一对照研究的方法 ,采用PCR扩增限制酶切法 (PCR -RFLP)和等位基因特异性扩增 (Allele SpecificAmplification ,ASA)检测 92例肺癌病人 (病例组 )和 98例非肿瘤病人 (对照组 )CYP1A1基因Msp1和Ile/Val基因型。 [结果 ]Msp1多态性位点 :具有B和C基因型者患肺癌的危险性是A基因型者的 1 85倍 (χ2 =4 3 6,P <0 0 5 ,OR =1 85 ,95 %CI 1 0 4～ 3 3 0 )。Ile/Val多态性位点 :Val/Val基因型者患肺癌的危险性是Ile/Ile基因型者的 3 3倍 (χ2 =4 12 ,P <0 0 5 ,OR =3 3 ,95 %CI 1 0 2～10 72 )。Ile/Val基因型联合B基因型、C基因型或Val/Val基因型联合C基因型与Ile/Ile基因型联合A基因型相比 ,患肺癌的危险性增加 ,其相对危险度分别为 3 0 9(χ2 =5 81,P <0 0 5 ,95 %CI 1 7～ 9 96) ;4 74(χ2 =4 74,P <0 0 5 ,95 %CI1 11～ 2 0 9) ;5 5 (χ2 =4 42 ,P <0 0 5 ,95 %CI 1 2 7～ 2 3 6)。 [结论 ]CYP1A1基因的B、C和Val/Val基因型可能是肺癌的易感基因型 ,两种易感基因型同时存在 ,更增加对肺癌的易感性     

P22phox与PPAR-γ基因多态性与冠心病的关系

[目的]探讨细胞色素b24(5P22phox)C242T和过氧化体增殖物激活型受体-γ(PPAR-γ)C161T基因多态位点的基因型分布与冠心病危险性的关系。[方法]采用病例-对照研究,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法分别检测P22phox和PPAR-γ基因型。[结果]总的研究人群中P22phox基因的C和T两种等位基因分布频率为92.72%和7.28%;携带CT TT基因型的研究对象患冠心病的危险性降低(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.23~0.87);在PPAR-γ基因中TT基因型者在冠心病组和对照组的分布分别为15.23%和24.01%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);TT基因型者患冠心病的危险性降低(校正OR=0.49,95%CI:0.25~0.98);与携带PPAR-γCC基因型且P22phoxCC基因型个体相比,具有PPAR-γCT基因型且P22phoxCT TT基因型的个体患冠心病的危险性降低(校正OR=0.24,95%CI:0.07~0.85,P<0.05)。[结论]携带P22phoxCT TT基因型和PPAR-γCT基因型的个体,患冠心病的危险性降低。     

Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2, Environmental Factors and Female Breast Cancer

目的 分析N-乙酰基转移酶-2( NAT2)基因多态性和环境因素与女性乳腺癌的关系.方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1配对的病例-对照研究,收集唐山市原发性乳腺癌新发女性患者48例与相应非肿瘤患者48例.以问卷调查收集各研究对象的饮食习惯和生活方式、生理生育、环境暴露和职业接触、既往病史、心理等信息.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测NAT2的野生型等位基因WT、突变型等位基因M1、M2和M3突变频率,分析NAT2基因多态性和环境危险因素与女性乳腺癌的关系.结果 被动吸烟大于或等于10年(OR=3.957,95％CI:1.589～10.002)、居住地环境污染(OR=33.571,95％CI:4.270～263.967)、职业接触(OR=9.400,95％CI:1.127～78.405)、烹调时使用排油设备(OR=0.177,95％CI:0.060～0.529)、农药的使用(OR=28.200,95％CI:3.576～222.389)等是乳腺癌的环境危险因素.携带M2、M3等位基因可能是乳腺癌的危险因素,OR值分别为2.563(95％CI:1.155～5.707)和2.083(95％CI:1.068～4.062),而M1等位基因频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义(x2=0.447,P＞0.05).病例组与对照组突变杂合子基因型(WT/Mx)分布频率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.021,P＞0.05),而两组间突变纯合子(Mx/Mx)分布频率差异有统计学意义(OR=3.545,95％CI:1.141～11.015).慢乙酰化表型者患乳腺癌的风险是快乙酰化表型者的3.364倍(x2=7.599,P＜0.05).分层分析发现NAT2慢乙酰化表型与被动吸烟大于或等于10年存在交互作用(OR=9.917,95％CI:1.597～61.597).结论 NAT2基因多态性和部分环境危险因素与乳腺癌发病存在统计学关联.     

NAT2基因多态性与大肠癌遗传易感性关系

目的 探讨N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性与大肠癌遗传易感性关系.方法 运用以医院为基础的1:2配比病例对照研究和采用多重聚合酶链反应-连接酶检测(PCR-LDR)方法,对104例大肠癌病例和208例非大肠癌对照组人群NAT2基因上的3个tag SNPs位点进行基因型检测.结果 各位点在对照组中的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;rs1799931位点在病例和对照组中的基因型和等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);病例组中rs1799929的T等位基因和rs1799930的A等位基因频率明显高于对照组,携带rs1799929的T等位基因和rs1799930的A等位基因是大肠癌发生的危险因素(OR=2.069、1.431,P＜0.01);NAT2慢速基因型在病例组的频率为43.3％(45例),对照组为26.0％(54例),差异有统计学意义(x2 =9.381,P＜0.01);携带NAT2慢速基因型的个体患大肠癌的风险是携带快速基因型个体的1.667倍(95％CI=1.213～2.291).结论 NAT2基因多态性与大肠癌的易感性有关,携带慢速基因型的人群患大肠癌的风险增加.     

ADCY3基因多态性与脂肪肝的关联性研究

目的探讨腺苷酸环化酶3(adenylate cyclase 3,ADCY3)基因多态性与脂肪肝易感性间的关系。方法采用横断面研究,以整群随机抽样的方法抽取浙江省宁波市当地常住居民1964人。采用标签SNP方法筛选ADCY3基因的12个位点。采用连接酶检测反应技术进行基因分型检测。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析ADCY3基因多态性与脂肪肝易感性间的关系。结果在校正了年龄、性别等因素后,rs4665273位点TT基因型者患脂肪肝的危险性是CC基因型者的0.25倍(OR=0.25,95%CI=0.07~0.93);rs7593130位点CC基因型患脂肪肝的危险性是TT基因型者的3.33倍(OR=3.33,95%CI=1.16~9.56);rs1344840位点TT基因型患脂肪肝的危险性是CC基因型者的4.00倍(OR=4.00,95%CI=1.08~14.76)。结论 ADCY3基因多态性可能与脂肪肝发生风险有关。其中,rs4665273位点TT基因型是脂肪肝的保护性因素,而rs7593130位点CC基因型和rs1344840位点TT基因型是脂肪肝的危险因素。     

Evaluation of Breast Cancer Risk in a Multigenic Model Including Low Penetrance Genes Involved in Xenobiotic and Estrogen Metabolisms

Breast cancer has become the most frequent cancer among women in Westernized countries. The majority of breast cancers are due to low penetrance genes, which can act with environmental factors, particularly nutrition. Polymorphisms in gene coding for xenobiotic and estrogen metabolic pathways could increase individual cancer susceptibility and lead to the indication of individuals at higher cancer risk. A population-based, case-control study consisting of 911 breast cancer cases and 1,000 healthy control cases was performed. The association between 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 7 genes and breast cancer risk was investigated in a multigenic model. The CYP1B1-432 Leu-Val and Val-Val genotypes significantly increased risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.39; OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.17–1.94, respectively] similarly as observed with CYP1B1-453 (Asn-Ser genotype: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.00–1.37; Ser-Ser genotype: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.00–1.89). We showed that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) could modulate the risk conferred by CYP1B1, ESR, GSTP1, and NAT2 acetylation phenotype. Additionally, a higher risk conferred by the variant for COMT was noted only for individuals presenting a high waist-to-hip ratio (COMT Val-Met, OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.04–2.44; COMT Met-Met, OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.98–2.53), suggesting a relationship with abdominal adiposity. In conclusion, COMT constitutes a crucial element in estrogen metabolism by regulating carcinogen metabolites elimination and, consequently, is a major factor in breast cancer risk.     

N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, and breast cancer risk in the breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium

Common polymorphisms in the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) modify the association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer and have been hypothesized to determine whether active cigarette smoking increases breast cancer risk. The authors sought to replicate the latter hypothesis in a prospective analysis of 6,900 breast cancer cases and 9,903 matched controls drawn from 6 cohorts (1989-2006) in the National Cancer Institute's Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. Standardized methods were used to genotype the 3 most common polymorphisms that define NAT2 acetylation phenotype (rs1799930, rs1799931, and rs1801280). In unconditional logistic regression analyses, breast cancer risk was higher in women with more than 20 pack-years of active cigarette smoking than in never smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.39), after controlling for established risk factors other than alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. However, associations were similar for the slow (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.39) and rapid/intermediate (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.42) acetylation phenotypes, with no evidence of interaction (P = 0.87). These results provide some support for the hypothesis that long-term cigarette smoking may be causally associated with breast cancer risk but underscore the need for caution when interpreting sparse data on gene-environment interactions.     

CYP1A1基因多态性和GSTM1缺失与肺癌易感性的关系

[目的]探讨CYPlAl基因异亮氨酸(Ile)-缬氨酸(Val)位点多态性和GSTMl缺失与肺癌易感性的关系。[方法]以病例-对照方法,采用PCR技术检测82例原发性肺癌患者和91例对照者的CYPlAl基因Ile-Val位点多态性与GSTMl基因的缺失。[结果]Ile-Val3种多态基因型在肺癌组和对照组分布差异有显著性(P<0.05),Ile／Val、Val／Val基因型在肺癌组的分布频率明显高于对照组;logistic回归分析结果显示Ile／Val、Val／Val基因型患肺癌的危险性分别是Ile／Ile基因型的1.969(95％CI:1.012-3.828)倍和3.150倍(95％CI:1.278-7.761);GSTMl基因缺失在两组的分布频率差异有显著性(P<0.05,OR=2.157)。进一步联合CYPlAl多态性分析显示GSTMl缺失的个体同时携带Ile／Val或Val／Val基因型患肺癌的危险性较单独具有一种危险因子患肺癌的危险性显著增加(OR=5.538)。[结论]CYPlAl第7外显子的Ile／Val、Val／Val基因型和GSTMl缺失与肺癌的易感性有关,可望作为肺癌易感人群筛选的重要指标。     

Breast cancer and active and passive smoking: the role of the N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype

The association of breast cancer with passive and active smoking was investigated in slow and fast acetylators of aromatic amines in a Geneva, Switzerland, study in 1996-1997. A slow acetylator was homozygous for one, or heterozygous for two, of three N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphisms determined on buccal cell DNA from 177 breast cancer cases and 170 age-matched, population controls. The reference group consisted of women never regularly exposed to active or passive smoke. Among premenopausal women, the odds ratios were homogeneous in slow and fast acetylators: 3.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 8.7) for passive smoking and 2.9 (95% CI: 1.1, 7.5) for active smoking. Among postmenopausal women, the odds ratios for fast acetylators were 11.6 (95% CI: 2.2, 62.2) for passive and 8.2 (95% CI: 1.4, 46.0) for active smoking; the corresponding effects were also apparent but less strong in slow acetylators. After the nonexposed and the passive smokers were grouped in a single reference category, active smoking was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer in slow acetylators (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 6.2) but not in fast acetylators (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.5, 3.3). Thus, the associations of both passive and active smoking with breast cancer appear stronger in fast than in slow NAT2 genotypes. Separating passive smokers from the nonexposed impacts on the inference about a possible NAT2-smoking interaction.     

宫颈癌危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]运用Meta分析方法综合分析评价宫颈癌致病危险因素。[方法]本文收集国内有关宫颈癌危险因素的病例对照研究文献20篇,采用可信区间方差分析法计算各相关因素的ORc及95%CI。[结果]口服避孕药的ORc的95%CI包括1,其他相关因素的ORc的95%CI不包括1。[结论]文化程度、家庭收入、首次性生活年龄、首次怀孕年龄、首次生育年龄、首次结婚年龄、绝经情况和职业是宫颈癌的保护因素,HPV感染、多孕、多产、多婚、性伴数、重大精神创伤、慢性宫颈炎、包皮过长、恶性肿瘤史和吸烟是宫颈癌的危险因素。口服避孕药与宫颈癌关系尚不明确,需进一步研究。吸烟、慢性宫颈炎、多婚、首次生育年龄等因素结果存在较大偏性,与宫颈癌的关系尚需进一步证实。     

A meta-analysis of the association of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) variants with breast cancer

The N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) product is an enzyme important in carcinogen metabolism via activation and detoxification pathways. Therefore, NAT2 variants may represent underlying susceptibility to breast cancer. Because a number of studies of the association of NAT2 with breast cancer have been published, the authors performed a meta-analysis. They extracted all relevant data to examine evidence for a main effect (i.e., the effect in a model that does not include any interactions) of NAT2 phenotype and genotype on breast cancer risk. They summarized the evidence for modification by smoking and meat intake, sources of exposure to aromatic and heterocyclic amines, respectively, which are metabolized by NAT2. The authors identified seven studies that measured NAT2 phenotype and 20 studies that deduced phenotype via genotyping. They found no evidence for heterogeneity (Cochran's Q statistic p=0.74) and no statistically significant increased risk from NAT2 acetylation (slow/rapid) for breast cancer (summary odds ratio=1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.08). These results suggest that there is no overall association between the NAT2 slow- or rapid-acetylation phenotype and breast cancer risk. However, some evidence suggests that smoking may modify this association.     

Polymorphisms in Xenobiotic Metabolizing Genes,Intakes of Heterocyclic Amines and Red Meat,and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic compounds generated when meats are cooked at high temperature and for long duration. The findings from previous studies on the relation between HCAs and breast cancer are inconsistent, possibly because of genetic variations in the enzymes metabolizing HCAs. To evaluate whether the associations of intakes of estimated HCAs, meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM), and red meat with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer were modified by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator genotype or cytochrome P450 1A2-164 A/C (CYP1A2) polymorphism, we conducted a nested case-control study with 579 cases and 981 controls within a prospective cohort, the Nurses’ Health Study. HCAs and MDM intakes were derived using a cooking method questionnaire administered in 1996. NAT2acetylator genotype, the CYP1A2 polymorphism, and intakes of HCAs, MDM, and red meat were not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. There was also no interaction between NAT2 acetylator genotype or CYP1A2 polymorphism and HCAs and MDM and red meat intake in relation to breast cancer. These results do not support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic enzymes involved in the metabolism of HCAs may modify the associations between intakes of red meat or meat-related mutagens and breast cancer risk.     

GSTM1基因多态性和环境因素的交互作用与食管癌关系的研究

[目的]探讨GSTM1基因多态位点和环境因素的交互作用与新疆地区汉族食管癌之间的关系。[方法]采用病例对照的研究方法,应用聚合酶链式反应——连接酶检测反应(PCR-LDR)技术,分别对GSTM1基因缺失型和rs2071487两个多态位点进行检测。[结果]GSTM1基因缺失/非缺失基因型在病例组和对照组之间的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.67,P=0.000),即携带缺失型基因型者发生食管癌的风险增加(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.71～5.30));GSTM1缺失基因型分别与常吃熏肉、常吃酸菜之间存在正向交互作用(γ﹥1),即常吃熏肉且GSTM1缺失基因型者发生食管癌的危险性是不吃或偶尔吃熏肉的非缺失基因型者的32.51倍(OR95%CI:13.06～80.95);常吃酸菜且GSTM1缺失基因型者发生食管癌的危险性是不吃或偶尔吃酸菜的非缺失基因型者的18.37倍(OR95%CI:7.76～43.48)。[结论GSTM1缺失基因型和环境危险因素之间在食管癌的发生中存在交互效应,基因对环境危害效应具有放大作用。     

Bladder cancer, GSTs, NAT1, NAT2, SULT1A1, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD genetic polymorphisms and coffee consumption: a case–control study

The aim of the study was to investigate NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, SULT1A1, XRCC1, XRCC3 and XPD genetic polymorphisms, coffee consumption and risk of bladder cancer (BC) through a hospital-based case–control study. The study population included 197 incident BC cases and 211 controls. The association between genetic polymorphisms, coffee drinking and BC risk was assessed by logistic regression taking into account age, education, tobacco smoking and occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. No association was found between the genetic polymorphisms investigated and BC risk according to coffee consumption apart of a significant increased BC risk among GSTP1 105-114 Val carriers heavy coffee drinkers (>3 cups/day) (OR 3.18, 95%CI 1.06–9.55). In conclusion our findings suggest a very limited role, if any, of genetic polymorphisms investigated in modulating the BC risk in coffee drinkers.     

月经生育因素与乳腺癌关系的Meta分析

[目的]运用Meta分析方法综合分析评价月经生育因素与中国女性乳腺癌的关系。[方法]收集国内有关乳腺癌月经生育因素的病例对照研究文献22篇,采用可信区间方差分析法计算各相关因素的ORc及95%CI。[结果]各研究因素的ORc及95%CI分别为:初潮年龄ORc=0.540(0.450～0.648)、结婚年龄1.376(0.815～2.322)、初产年龄1.558(1.253～1.937)、生育与否0.718(0.320～1.616)、生育胎数0.97(0.705～1.335)、哺乳0.391(0.253～0.605)、哺乳时间0.94(0.884～0.999)、人工流产1.844(1.442～2.358)、绝经与否1.869(1.014～3.444)、绝经年龄1.034(0.706～1.515)、行经期1.223(1.034～1.446)、月经紊乱3.217(2.278～4.542)、月经周期0.446(0.372～0.535)、口服避孕药1.400(0.977～2.006)。[讨论]初潮年龄、哺乳和哺乳时间是乳腺癌的保护因素,初产年龄、人工流产、绝经及行经期是乳腺癌的危险因素,结婚年龄、生育、生育胎数、绝经年龄、月经紊乱、月经周期和口服避孕药与乳腺癌关系尚不明确,有待进一步研究。