多功能含能结构材料冲击压缩特性的理论计算

基于混合物冷能叠加原理,由各组分Hugoniot数据计算了密实材料的冲击压缩特性。再从等压路径出发,结合Wu-Jing模型由热力学关系得到了具有一定孔隙率多功能含能结构材料的冲击压缩特性计算方法。以W/Cu、Al/Ni、Ni/Ti和Al/Fe2O3/epoxy等典型颗粒金属材料及含能金属材料为例,计算了其冲击压缩过程中相关Hugoniot参数。计算结果与已有实验结果吻合较好,多功能含能结构材料冲击压缩特性受材料孔隙率、材料配比等影响明显。     

含能材料在低温条件下冲击压缩力学性能的实验研究

采用自制的含能材料动态变温压缩实验装置，在低温环境下，对国产复合炸药Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ和单质炸药ＴＮＴ进行了动静态压缩实验，测试了压缩模量、压缩强度等材料性能参数。实验结果表明:在低温条件下，Ｃｏｍｐ，Ｂ和ＴＮＴ材料具有明显的应变率效应和温度效应，复合炸药Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ的压缩模量和压缩强度都高于ＴＮＴ炸药，Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ对温度效应更为敏感。还讨论了惯性效应对动态实验波形的影响，通过引入柔度系数，使测试波形趋于光滑。所介绍的实验方法为研究含能材料在低温条件下的冲击压缩性能，提供了一套较完整的技术和手段。     

冲击作用下凝聚态含能材料热点形成热－机械分析

应用动力有限元方法分析含能材料中热点形成机理。在假定凝聚态含能材料为可压缩的情况下，研究圆形和椭圆形微孔洞附近介质在冲击作用下热－机械响应过程，结果显示冲击波强度、空隙率、微孔洞尺寸和形状、熔点对热点温升有强烈影响，并讨论粘塑性功和固相压缩成为主要机制的条件。     

含能材料的Brazilian实验研究评述

简述了巴西实验的基本原理及发展概况,着重介绍了含能材料的巴西实验研究现状,讨论了今后开展含能材料细观响应规律研究的巴西实验方法。     

含能材料三轴动态压缩实验的一个计算机模拟方法

在含能材料单轴、受限三轴动态压缩实验的基础上，提出一种将计算机数值模拟和实验数据相结合，估算实验系统中钢筒与试件间的库伦摩擦力，从而正确确定含能材料的动态三轴力学性能（弹性模量Ｅ，泊桑比ν，屈服限Ｙ等）的方法。本方法用于ＴＮＴ炸药受限三轴动态压缩实验，通过建立钢筒－试件的库伦摩擦有限元模型，采用ＡＤＩＮＡ通用程序进行动力分析，估算了摩擦力对实验数据的影响，获得了考虑摩擦力修正后的ＴＮＴ三轴动态压缩响应，为含能材料三轴动态力学性能的确定提供了一种有效的方法。     

冲击作用下凝聚态含能材料热点形成热－机械分析

应用动力有限元方法分析含能材料中热点形成机理。在假定凝聚态含能材料为可压缩的情况下,研究圆形和椭圆形微孔洞附近介质在冲击作用下热－机械响应过程,结果显示冲击波强度、空隙率、微孔洞尺寸和形状、熔点对热点温升有强烈影响,并讨论粘塑性功和固相压缩成为主要机制的条件。     

含能材料密实床燃烧转爆轰的数值模拟

本文建立了含能材料密实床燃烧转爆轰的全粘性欧拉二维非定常两相反应流数学模型。将SIMPLE型的数值计算方法引入燃烧转爆轰的二维数值计算。对跨音速流动的处理和可压缩流体压力校正方程的建立提出了改进方法,并以无起爆药雷管作为算例。结果表明,本方法较好克服了二维两相流数值解的振荡现象。     

极端条件下含能材料的计算机模拟

综述了含能材料的计算机模拟方法、各种方法的优缺点、近期含能材料的研究进展以及我们最近的工作总结。内容涵盖了分子、晶体等方面的模拟进展。模拟手段包括静态的量子化学计算、分子动力学模拟以及经验和半经验的方法。这些内容和结果可以为目前和以后的研究提供有益的参考。     

含能材料装药的损伤及力学性能研究进展

研究含能材料的损伤和力学性能对于指导含能材料配方和结构件设计,以及对含能材料进行安全性评估和寿命预测等都具有重要的意义.损伤一方面使含能材料的力学性能劣化,另一方面还影响含能材料的感度、燃烧甚至爆炸性能.本文对含能材料损伤和力学性能的研究现状进行了综述和归纳.对含能材料损伤的产生、实验模拟、主要损伤模式,损伤对含能材料的感度和燃烧性能等的影响,炸药单相材料的性质,影响含能材料力学性能的因素以及损伤本构关系等进行了介绍.对其中的一些关键问题和热点问题进行了分析,并对今后需要开展的工作发表了一些看法.      

PTFE/Al含能复合材料的压缩行为研究

金属/氟聚合物含能复合材料是一类新型的高级含能材料.研究了室温下Al含量和应变率对PTFE/Al含能复合材料压缩性能和反应性能的影响,所加载的应变率为6×10-3s-1～8×103s-1.材料压缩性能的应变率效应明显:与静态加载相比,动态加载下材料模量和强度明显提高,但应变降低.材料的损伤过程主要包括塑性变形、开裂和反应3部分.随着Al含量的增加,材料准静态和动态压缩强度均呈先升后降的趋势,在Al含量为35%时达到最高值102.6 MPa和154 MPa;引发反应所需加载的应变率增加,但对应的应力值差别不明显,基本在165 MPa左右,材料引发后反应完全性降低.     

高温高密度液氦冲击压缩特性理论研究

选择高密度液氦作为研究对象,采用F.H.Ree修正的WCA状态方程和改进的分子流体微扰变分统计理论（MCRSR）,并且考虑液氦体系低温量子力学效应,计算了一次和二次冲击压力在0～108 GPa、对应温度为471～32 790 K范围内的高压物态方程。在确定体系分子间相互作用时,通过实验数据拟合选取了较合理的指数6势参数。理论计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

The isotope effect of gaseous hydrogen under shock compression

The shock compression method has been used to measure the Hugoniot data and shock temperature for gaseous hydrogen samples, covering the pressure range of 55-140 MPa and the temperature range of 3400-4500 K and with the initial conditions of P ₀ = 0.6 MPa, 1.2 MPa and T ₀ at room temperature. Spectral radiance histories emitted from shocked D ₂ and H ₂ + D ₂ (equimolar mixture) are monitored by a pyrometer system with seven wavelength channels. Theoretical calculations based on the Saha model with Debye-Hückel correction for the shock compression behavior of shocked gaseous samples are in good agreement with the measured Hugoniot data, but show slightly higher values for the shock temperature when comparing with experiments. An isotope effect relevant to these shocked hydrogen species has been found in the linear shock velocity vs particle velocity relation, in which the correlation factor between these hydrogen isotopes or hydrogen mixtures is simply of initial density dependence.Received: 8 December 2002, Accepted: 8 May 2003, Published online: 2 September 2003PACS: 62.50 + p, 31.30.GS, 51.90. + r     

Dynamic focusing effect of piezoelectric fibers subjected to thermal shock

Based on finite Hankle transforms, this paper presents a theoretical method for analyzing the dynamic focusing effect of piezoelectric fibers subjected to the thermal shock of a transitory temperature change produced by a sudden electric current pulse. From analytical expressions and example calculations for two kinds of piezoelectric fibers, PZT-4 and BaTiO₃, it is found that the dynamic focusing effect is dependent on the material property of the piezoelectric fibers so that the maximum dynamic stress amplitude of the two kinds of piezoelectric fiber occur at different radial points. The mechanism of the dynamic focusing effect in piezoelectric fibers is relevant to the evaluation of the dynamic strength and electric signal of the piezoelectric fiber. The results carried out may be used as a reference to solve other transient coupled electrothermoelasticity problems in piezoelectric structures.     

Generalized thermoelastic functionally graded orthotropic hollow sphere under thermal shock with three-phase-lag effect

This problem deals with the determination of thermo-elastic interaction due to step input of temperature on the boundaries of a functionally graded orthotropic hollow sphere in the context of linear theories of generalized thermo-elasticity. Using the Laplace transformation the fundamental equations have been expressed in the form of vector–matrix differential equation which is then solved by eigenvalue approach. The inverse of the transformed solution is carried out by applying a method of Bellman et al. Stresses, displacement and temperature distributions have been computed numerically and presented graphically in a number of figures. A comparison of the results for different theories (TEWOED(GN-II), TEWED(GN-III) and three-phase-lag model) is presented. When the material is homogeneous, isotropic and outer radius of the hollow sphere tends to infinity, the corresponding results agree with that of existing literature for GN-III model.     

Numerical simulation of expansion/compression effect on shock induced turbulent flow

The interaction of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence with a shock wave is observed by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k–? turbulence model. All turbulent fluctuations are measured at the period of expansion in the turbulent field and during compression by the reflected shock on turbulent field, and it is observed that the longitudinal turbulent velocity fluctuation is enhanced more at the period of expansion due to incident shock wave movement far from the turbulent field. The amplification of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) level in the shock/turbulence interaction depends on the shock wave strength and the longitudinal velocity difference across the shock wave. On decreasing the longitudinal velocity difference across the shock, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) level is less amplified. The TKE level is amplified by the factor of 1.5–1.8 in the shock/turbulence interaction where the dissipation rate of TKE decreases in all cases of shock/turbulence interaction. After the shock/turbulence interaction, the turbulent dissipative-length scale is amplified slightly and the amplification of the length scales decreases when increasing the shock strength. To cite this article: M.A. Jinnah, K. Takayama, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Theoretical model for the thermal emission memory effect in rocks

A model for the thermal emission memory effect in rocks under cyclic heating with the temperature amplitude increasing from cycle to cycle is validated. The model is used to consider one of the possible mechanisms of the effect related to the temperature gradient on the faces of cracks dividing structural elements of a geomaterial. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 172–177, March–April, 2008.     

Boundary layer effect on thermal NO decomposition behind incident shock waves

The thermal decomposition of nitric oxide (diluted in Argon) has been measured behind incident shock waves by means of IR diode laser absorption spectroscopy. In two independent runs the diode laser was tuned to the=0 =1² _3/2 R(18.5)-rotational vibrational transition and the=1 =2² _3/2 R(20.5)-rotational vibrational transition of nitric oxide, respectively. These two transitions originating from the vibrational ground state (=0) and the first excited vibrational state (=1) were selected in order to probe the homogeneity along the absorption path. The measured NO decomposition could satisfactorily be described by a chemical reaction mechanism after taking into account boundary layer corrections according to the theory of Mirels. The study forms a further proof of Mirels' theory including his prediction of the laminar-turbulent transition. It also shows, that the inhomogeneities from the boundary layer do not affect the IR linear absorption markedly.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

Supersonic motion of bodies in a gas with shock waves

The authors consider the problem of supersonic unsteady flow of an inviscid stream containing shock waves round blunt shaped bodies. Various approaches are possible for solving this problem. The parameters in the shock layer on the axis of symmetry have been determined in [1, 2] by using one-dimensional theory. The authors of [3, 4] studied shock wave diffraction on a moving end plane and wedge, respectively, by the through calculation method. This method for studying flow around a wedge with attached shock was also used in [5]. But that study, unlike [4], used self-similar variables, and so was able to obtain a clearer picture of the interaction. The present study gives results of research into the diffraction of a plane shock wave on a body in supersonic motion with the separation of a bow shock. The solution to the problem was based on the grid characteristic method [6], which has been used successfully to solve steady and unsteady problems [7–10]. However a modification of the method was developed in order to improve the calculation of flows with internal discontinuities; this consisted of adopting the velocity of sound and entropy in place of enthalpy and pressure as the unknown thermodynamic parameters. Numerical calculations have shown how effective this procedure is in solving the present problem. The results are given for flow round bodies with spherical and flat (end plane) ends for various different values of the velocities of the bodies and the shock waves intersected by them. The collision and overtaking interactions are considered, and there is a comparison with the experimental data.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 141–147, September–October, 1984.