第二代单晶高温合金的低周疲劳行为

研究了含0.34%Hf DD6单晶高温合金在760℃下的低周疲劳行为,对其疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展进行了分析。结果表明,含0.34%Hf DD6合金比含0.10%Hf的疲劳寿命稍有降低;其损伤以弹性损伤为主。疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面、亚表面或试样内部后,先沿垂直应力轴方向扩展,后沿{111}面扩展。其断裂机制为类解理断裂。断口上有典型的疲劳条带。断裂组织分析表明,位错主要在基体通道中扩展,变形后期切过γ'相,形成滑移带。     

K40S钴基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为——Ⅰ.疲劳性能

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为，对循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析，进而给出了K40S合金在此温度范围的疲劳参数，结果表明：与传统X-40合金相比，K40S合金具有优异的抗高温低周疲劳性能；合金的应力-应变响应行为在700℃时，呈现为循环强化，而在900℃时，为初期强化随后软化，且随着总应变幅的增加，强化效果均增强，上述行为归因于循环形变过程中位错-位错，位错-析出相及固溶原子间的相互作用。     

K40S钻基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为Ⅰ.疲劳性能

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为.对循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析,进而给出了K40S合金在此温度范围的疲劳参数.结果表明:与传统X-40合金相比,K40S合金具有优异的抗高温低周疲劳性能;合金的应力-应变响应行为在700℃时,呈现为循环强化,而在900℃时,为初期强化随后软化,且随着总应变幅的增加,强化效果均增强.上述行为归因于循环形变过程中位错-位错,位错-析出相及固溶原子间的相互作用.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳行为

通过室温低周疲劳(LCF)试验研究了Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳性能和循环变形行为,利用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜分别分析了合金循环变形前后的微观结构和疲劳断口。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Zr合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的循环周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式表示。Cu-Cr-Zr合金在高外加总应变幅(Δε_t/2=0.6%)的疲劳变形后期会出现循环硬化现象,循环变形组织为位错墙、位错团簇、亚结构胞状组织的混合结构,并且观察到了孪晶的形成。此外,所选材料在外加总应变幅为0.4%时的疲劳断口呈现多疲劳源特征,疲劳裂纹扩展区中观察到了大量的撕裂棱、韧窝、以及犁沟。     

DD6单晶高温合金低周疲劳断裂特征的研究

对DD6单晶高温合金在高温低周（980 ℃、760 ℃）及疲劳/蠕变交互作用的断裂特征进行了研究。结果表明：DD6单晶高温合金高温低周疲劳断口往往呈多源开裂特征,裂纹萌生于试样的表面或亚表面,疲劳裂纹在刚萌生时沿着一定的小平面进行扩展,扩展区主要由垂直于裂纹扩展方向的疲劳条带和河流花样组成,瞬断区为类解理台阶形貌,裂纹扩展初期断口基本与主应力方向垂直,随着疲劳裂纹的扩展,断口呈现与主应力约成45°的平面特征;低周疲劳/蠕变交互作用的断裂特征与相同应变条件下低周疲劳断口总体形貌相似,但也一些不同之处,如断口整体氧化严重、疲劳扩展区面积明显减小。     

取向偏离度对镍基单晶高温合金DD10低周疲劳行为的影响

本文研究了特定试验条件下,镍基单晶DD10取向偏离[001]的程度对其低周疲劳行为的影响。结果表明：取向偏离度对DD10合金的低周疲劳行为影响明显。疲劳寿命随取向偏离度的增加而明显降低,在同等偏离度下,晶体取向靠近[001]-[011]的合金低周寿命优于取向靠近[001]-[11]的合金;分析发现：不同取向偏离度合金DD10低周疲劳寿命的差异源于其每循环周次的可累计塑性变形的差异。另一方面,取向偏离度对疲劳总应力幅和塑性应变幅的影响却截然相反,但对疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展方式影响不大。     

DZ40M合金高温低周疲劳性能及其断口分析

测定了定向凝固钴基高温合金ＤＺ４０Ｍ９０℃低周疲劳性能并观察了疲劳断口,结果表明,ＤＺ４０Ｍ合金具有较高的抗高温低周疲劳性能;疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面优先氧化的碳化物。基体中骨架状分布的碳化物阻滞裂纹扩展;氧化不仅促进疲劳劳裂纹的形成,而且加速了裂纹扩展。ＤＺ４０Ｍ合金的高温疲劳破坏机械疲劳与环境氧化双重和所致。     

铸造Ni基高温合金K417的高温低周疲劳行为

研究了铸造Ｎｉ基高温合金Ｋ４１７在６５０－９００℃温度范围内总应变控制条件下的低周疲劳性能和断裂行为。对应变－寿命数据和循环应力－应变数据进行了分析,进而给出了Ｋ４１７合金在不同实验温度下的应变疲劳参数。合金在循环形变过程中可表现为循环硬化,循环软化或循环稳定。     

温度对625镍基高温合金焊接接头低周疲劳行为的影响

研究了Inconel 625镍基高温合金焊接接头在25和760℃下的低周疲劳行为,分析了2种温度下焊接接头的应变疲劳寿命数据和循环应力-应变数据,进而给出了合金焊接接头的应变疲劳参数.结果表明,Inconel 625镍基高温合金焊接接头在不同温度下的弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅与载荷反向周次的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式来描述.合金焊接接头在25℃下疲劳变形时,主要发生循环软化,而在760℃下疲劳变形时则呈现循环硬化.焊接接头的低周疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式萌生于疲劳试样的自由表面,在25℃下疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式扩展,而在760℃下疲劳裂纹则以穿晶和沿晶混合方式扩展.     

粉末冶金高温合金FGH97的低周疲劳断裂特征

研究了粉末冶金镍基高温合金FGH97在650℃,30—980 MPa,1 Hz实验条件下的低周疲劳断口的宏观及微观特征,裂纹源的类型及其形貌特征,以及裂纹源的位置、缺陷类型、形状和尺寸对低周疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,在本次实验条件下该合金的低周疲劳寿命均超过了5000 cyc;统计得出,低周疲劳断口裂纹源在表面的试样占23%,在亚表面的占47%,在试样内部的占30%;裂纹源分平台、粉末颗粒、夹杂物3种类型,其中平台类型约占5%,粉末颗粒间断裂占15%,夹杂物占80%.由统计分析和计算得出,不同类型裂纹源对疲劳寿命的影响程度不同:夹杂物最严重,其次为异常粉末颗粒,再次为局部塑性变形.     

一种镍基高温合金的低周疲劳性能

研究了一种镍基高温合金在不同温度下的低周疲劳性能,分析了疲劳断口。结果表明,该合金循环应力响应行为表现出对温度和外加总应变幅很强的依赖关系,不同的循环应力响应行为可归因于位错、强化相和合金元素间复杂的交互作用。合金疲劳寿命与温度、外加总应变幅、氧化损伤程度有关。疲劳断裂行为受外加应变幅和氧化影响很大。     

Tensile behavior of a new single-crystal nickel-based superalloy (CMSX-4) at room and elevated temperatures

Tensile behavior of a new single-crystal nickel-based superalloy with rhenium (CMSX-4) was studied at both room and elevated temperatures. The investigation also examined the influence of γ′ precipitates (size and distribution) on the tensile behavior of the material. Tensile specimens were prepared from single-crystal CMSX-4 in [001] orientation. The test specimens had the [001] growth direction parallel to the loading axis in tension. These specimens were given three different heat treatments to produce three different γ′ precipitate sizes and distributions. Tensile testing was carried out at both room and elevated temperatures. The results of the present investigation indicate that yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of this material initially increases with temperature, reaches a peak at around 800 °C, and then starts rapidly decreasing with rise in temperature. Both yield and tensile strength increased with increase in average γ′ precipitate size. Yield strength and temperature correlated very well by an Arrhenius type of relationship. Rate-controlling process for yielding at very high temperature (T ≥ 800 °C) was found to be the dislocation climb for all three differently heat-treated materials. Thermally activated hardening occurs below 800 °C whereas above 800 °C thermally activated softening occurs in this material.     

Grain size based low cycle fatigue life prediction model for nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are easy to produce low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage when they are subjected to high temperature and mechanical stresses. Fatigue life prediction of nickel-based superalloys is of great importance for their reliable practical application. To investigate the effects of total strain and grain size on LCF behavior, the high temperature LCF tests were carried out for a nickel-based superalloy. The results show that the fatigue lives decreased with the increase of strain amplitude and grain size. A new LCF life prediction model was established considering the effect of grain size on fatigue life. Error analyses indicate that the prediction accuracy of the new LCF life model is higher than those of Manson-Coffin relationship and Ostergren energy method.     

铸造钛合金ZTC4不同应变比下的低周疲劳行为

采用岛津液压伺服疲劳试验机研究了铸造钛合金ZTC4在不同应变比下(R=-1、0.06和0.5)的低周疲劳行为。对比分析了不同应变比下应力-应变迟滞回线、循环应力响应曲线以及疲劳寿命的差异,并采用SWT模型和Walker等效应变模型对不同应变比下的试验结果进行表征。结果表明:在200℃时,应变比为-1时,迟滞回线基本以原点对称,且随着应变水平的增大,迟滞回线包围的面积呈上升趋势;应变比为0.06和0.5时,滞后环沿坐标轴发生了平移,且随着应变水平的降低,迟滞回线沿拉应力的方向移动;不同应变比下合金的循环疲劳寿命相差甚微,SWT模型和Walker等效应变模型能很好的表征材料不同应变比下的疲劳试验结果,精度在±2倍的分散带内。     

小角度晶界对单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响

用双籽晶法制备了带有9°小角度晶界的DD6单晶高温合金试板,研究了小角度晶界对合金700℃高周疲劳性能的影响,并与[001]取向合金的疲劳性能进行了对比分析,用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了其断口形貌和断裂机制。结果表明,带有9°小角度晶界合金的高周疲劳极限比[001]取向合金的稍有降低。疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面或亚表面,而不在晶界上形成。小角度晶界试样的疲劳断裂机制有两种情况,大部分试样为类解理断裂,其它试样为类解理与沿晶混合断裂。     

喷丸对一种单晶合金表面完整性和高温缺口疲劳性能的影响

研究了喷丸后单晶合金的表面完整性和高温缺口疲劳性能。喷丸后表面形貌采用白光干涉仪表征,扫描电镜,2个方向观察(平行于受喷表面和截面方向)高分辨透射电镜和电子背散射衍射分析,疲劳性能采用旋转弯曲疲劳模式表征。采用旋转弯曲疲劳极限表征了强化增益作用,并与喷丸显微组织建立联系。结果表明,在760℃到850℃区间,喷丸强化较原始加工状态的疲劳极限增益达到14.8%,主要原因是高密度的缠结位错、加工硬化和晶粒错配。此外,通过表面应力集中系数计算表明,即使在平均粗糙度Ra升高的基础上,喷丸强化后表面应力集中系数也降低。     

Effects of recrystallization on the low cycle fatigue behavior of directionally solidified superalloy DZ40M

The effects of recrystallization on low cycle fatigue behavior were investigated on directionally solidified Co-base superalloy DZAOM.Optical microscopy and SEM were used to examine the mierostructure and fracture surface of the specimens.The mechanical testing results demonstrated that the low cycle fatigue property of DZ40M significantly decreased with the partial reerystallization.Fatigue cracks initiate near the carbides and the grain boundaries with slip-bands.Both the fatigue crack initiation and propagation can be accelerated with the occurrences of recrystallized grain boundaries.     

Dynamic recrystallization of single-crystal nickel-based superalloy

The dynamic recrystallization behavior of single-crystal(SC) superalloy SRR99 at low strain rate was investigated by high-temperature creep testing. The results show that dynamic recrystallization may take place after the uncoated samples have been creep-tested in air at high temperature and low stress for a long time. Both the threshold temperature and strain for the dynamic recrystallization of SC superalloy SRR99 at low strain rate are lower than those for the static recrystallization. Dynamically recrystallized grains with the depth less than 15 μm are only located in the surface γ′-free layers, and the recrystallized grains are well-developed grains without columnar γ′ precipitates within them. The dynamic recrystallization behavior of SC superalloy SRR99 at low strain rate is mainly related to high-temperature oxidation. Suitable protective coating can effectively prevent the dynamic recrystallization of SC superalloy components in service. In addition, the dynamic recrystallization behavior of SC superalloy SRR99 at high strain rate was also studied by high-temperature compression testing. At high strain rate, a higher temperature and larger strain are needed for the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization than at low strain rate, and the recrystallized grains have cellular structures with an amount of columnar γ′ precipitates within them.