Th17/Treg细胞比例失衡在儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症中的意义

目的 探讨Th17/Treg 细胞比例失衡在儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)发病及治疗中的意义。方法 选取2015 年5 月至2015 年8 月确诊为ITP 的32 例患儿作为ITP 组,同期选取22 例健康儿童作为健康对照组,采用流式细胞术分别检测初诊ITP 患儿、丙种球蛋白治疗后的ITP 患儿和健康对照组儿童外周血Th17、Treg 细胞的比例。结果 ITP 患儿治疗前外周血Th17 占CD4⁺T 细胞的比例、Th17/Treg 细胞比值均显著高于治疗后及健康对照组儿童(P<0.05),治疗前Treg 细胞占CD4⁺T 细胞的比例显著低于治疗后及健康对照组儿童(P<0.05);32 例ITP 患儿经治疗后,20 例完全反应,4 例有效,8 例无效,完全反应患儿外周血Th17细胞占CD4⁺T 细胞比例、Th17/Treg 细胞比值显著低于无效患儿(P<0.05)。结论 儿童ITP 中存在Th17/Treg细胞比例失衡,丙种球蛋白可通过调节Th17/Treg 细胞比例变化进而改变患儿细胞免疫功能,治疗过程中检测该比值变化可能对疾病的疗效有一定的预测作用。     

SOCS低甲基化在儿童过敏性紫癜Th17/Treg细胞失衡中的作用研究

目的 通过研究细胞因子信号转导抑制因子（SOCS）低甲基化与过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿Th17/Treg细胞失衡的关系,探讨HSP的免疫发病机制。方法 选取2014年5月至2015年1月32例急性期HSP住院患儿为研究对象,另选取行健康体检的28例儿童作为健康对照组。采用ELISA法检测血浆IL-6水平;流式细胞术检测外周血CD4⁺IL-17A⁺T细胞（Th17细胞）比例、CD4⁺CD25⁺调节性T细胞（Treg）比例和CD4⁺T细胞磷酸化STAT3（pSTAT3）蛋白平均荧光强度（MFI）;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）技术检测CD4⁺T细胞SOCS1、SOCS3基因mRNA表达;高分辨率熔解曲线（HRM）分析法检测外周血单个核细胞SOCS1基因外显子2、SOCS3基因5'端非翻译区（5'-UTR）可能的STAT3结合位点CpG岛甲基化水平。结果 与健康对照组比较,HSP组血浆IL-6浓度、CD4⁺T细胞pSTAT3的MFI显著增加;HSP组Th17细胞比例显著上调,Treg细胞比例显著下调（P < 0.05）。HSP组患儿急性期外周血单个核细胞SOCS1 mRNA和SOCS3 mRNA水平均显著高于健康对照组（P < 0.05）;HSP组SOCS1 mRNA及SOCS3 mRNA表达均与Th17/Treg比值呈负相关（P < 0.05）。HSP组患儿急性期SOCS1基因外显子2、SOCS3基因5'-UTR区可能的STAT结合位点CpG岛呈低甲基化,而健康对照组呈完全去甲基化状态。结论 SOCS1、SOCS3基因低甲基化所致其相对表达不足可能是HSP患儿Th17/Treg失衡的因素之一。     

Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg平衡与幼年特发性关节炎

CD40+T细胞在免疫防御中起了核心的作用.根据细胞的功能,迄今为止已经证明至少存在4种不同的CD4+T细胞亚群--Th1、Th2、Th17和调节性T细胞(Treg).幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)是常见的以慢性非化脓性关节炎为特征的自身免疫性疾病,主要由免疫网络失调引起,其中Th1/Th2细胞平衡、Th17/Treg细胞平衡发挥了重要作用.文章就Th1/Th2细胞、Th17/Treg细胞的分化、调节及Th1/Th2细胞失衡、Th17/Treg细胞失衡参与JIA发病的机制作一综述.     

流式细胞术建立甘肃地区学龄前汉族儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群相对计数的正常参考值范围

目的 建立甘肃地区学龄前汉族儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群相对计数的正常参考值范围。方法 纳入2018年1月31日至2019年1月30日在甘肃省妇幼保健院(我院)行鞘膜积液、疝、血管瘤等手术或常规体检的0~7岁汉族健康儿童,排除患心脑血管疾病、血常规或肝肾功能异常、行淋巴细胞亚群检测前3周内存在感染、有先天性免疫缺陷疾病者。分为新生儿组、婴儿组、幼儿组和学龄前组。均采集静脉血2 mL(EDTA抗凝),于24 h内用四色荧光标记流式细胞术完成淋巴细胞亚群检测,以(P_2.5,P_97.5)作为各指标的正常参考值范围。结果 ①共792名儿童进入本文分析,男472名,女320名,新生儿组174名、婴儿组216名、幼儿组170名、学龄前组232名。②不同性别之间比较,新生儿组CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞百分比和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值差异有统计学意义,婴儿组CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、B细胞百分比和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值差异有统计学意义,学龄前组T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞百分比差异有统计学意义。③男、女各年龄组组间整体比较,淋巴细胞亚群百分比差异均有统计学意义。T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞百分比随年龄增长呈降低趋势,男女童降低趋势相近;CD8⁺T细胞百分比随年龄增长呈升高趋势,女童增高趋势更明显;B细胞百分比在1岁前呈上升趋势,后呈降低趋势,女童的变化趋势较为缓和;NK细胞的变化与B细胞相反,在1岁内降低,而后升高,男童变化趋势更明显。结论 健康儿童淋巴细胞亚群的分布与地域、年龄段和性别有关。     

流式细胞术建立甘肃地区学龄前汉族儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群相对计数的正常参考值范围

目的 建立甘肃地区学龄前汉族儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群相对计数的正常参考值范围。方法 纳入2018年1月31日至2019年1月30日在甘肃省妇幼保健院(我院)行鞘膜积液、疝、血管瘤等手术或常规体检的0~7岁汉族健康儿童,排除患心脑血管疾病、血常规或肝肾功能异常、行淋巴细胞亚群检测前3周内存在感染、有先天性免疫缺陷疾病者。分为新生儿组、婴儿组、幼儿组和学龄前组。均采集静脉血2 mL(EDTA抗凝),于24 h内用四色荧光标记流式细胞术完成淋巴细胞亚群检测,以(P_2.5,P_97.5)作为各指标的正常参考值范围。结果 ①共792名儿童进入本文分析,男472名,女320名,新生儿组174名、婴儿组216名、幼儿组170名、学龄前组232名。②不同性别之间比较,新生儿组CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞百分比和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值差异有统计学意义,婴儿组CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、B细胞百分比和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值差异有统计学意义,学龄前组T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞百分比差异有统计学意义。③男、女各年龄组组间整体比较,淋巴细胞亚群百分比差异均有统计学意义。T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞百分比随年龄增长呈降低趋势,男女童降低趋势相近;CD8⁺T细胞百分比随年龄增长呈升高趋势,女童增高趋势更明显;B细胞百分比在1岁前呈上升趋势,后呈降低趋势,女童的变化趋势较为缓和;NK细胞的变化与B细胞相反,在1岁内降低,而后升高,男童变化趋势更明显。结论 健康儿童淋巴细胞亚群的分布与地域、年龄段和性别有关。     

白三烯受体拮抗剂对哮喘气道重塑及Th17细胞/CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞表达的影响

支气管哮喘的气道重塑是气道炎症反复作用的结果,白三烯是气道重塑中的重要炎症介质之一。影响气道重塑的因素较多,近年来Th17细胞和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+treg细胞)在气道重塑中的作用日益受到重视。白三烯受体拮抗剂是治疗哮喘的有效药物,能在一定程度上抑制气道重塑,但其作用机制及对Th17细胞/CD4+CD25+treg细胞表达的影响机制尚不十分清楚。因此,阐明Th17细胞/CD4+CD25+treg细胞平衡在气道重塑中的表达变化、白三烯受体拮抗剂干预气道重塑的具体作用途径和生物效应及对Th17细胞/CD4+CD25+treg细胞表达的影响,将为以后哮喘患儿的预防和治疗提供新的靶点。     

调节性T细胞/Th17细胞失衡在血液系统疾病发病中的作用

国内外研究证实,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+调节性T细胞(CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatoryTcells,简称Treg细胞)/Th17细胞失衡与多种血液病的发病密切相关.肿瘤性血液病如白血病、淋巴瘤存在Treg细胞水平上调Th17水平下调,可能与Treg诱导免疫抑制增强、Th17介导抗肿瘤免疫缺陷相关;而非肿瘤性血液病如再生障碍性贫血、过敏性紫癜、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜等存在Treg水平下调、Th17水平上调,可能与Th17介导过度免疫损伤、Treg介导免疫抑制功能不足有关.提示Treg细胞/Th17细胞比率升高可能对肿瘤性血液病的发生起促进作用,其比率降低则可能对非肿瘤性血液病的发生起促进作用.     

γδ T细胞在儿童过敏性紫癜免疫微环境中的表达和意义

目的 探讨γδ T细胞及其细胞亚群在儿童过敏性紫癜（HSP）免疫发病机制中的作用,从调控γδ T细胞作为切入点,为儿童HSP的治疗提供新思路。方法 以33例HSP患儿（HSP组）和21例健康儿童（健康对照组）为研究对象,比较两组外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）中γδ T及其细胞亚群Vδ1⁺T、Vδ2⁺T等表达水平、γδ T细胞凋亡率及IL-17水平。结果 HSP组PBMCs中淋巴细胞比例、γδ T细胞中Vδ2⁺T比例低于健康对照组（P < 0.05）。HSP组γδ T细胞中Vδ1⁺T比例、血浆IL-17水平高于健康对照组（P < 0.05）。HSP组γδ T细胞总凋亡率低于健康对照组（P < 0.05）,其中以早期凋亡为著。Vδ2⁺T表达与γδ T细胞总凋亡率呈正相关（r_s=0.615,P < 0.05）,与IL-17水平呈负相关（r_s=-0.398,P < 0.05）。结论 γδ T细胞介导的Vδ1+/Vδ2⁺T免疫失衡及IL-17炎症因子过度激活可能参与HSP的发生,其中Vδ2⁺T诱导的免疫耐受被打破可能是疾病发生的重要病理生理基础。     

孟鲁司特钠对哮喘小鼠气道重塑及Th17/CD4~+CD25~+Treg表达的影响

目的探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特钠干预哮喘小鼠后气道重塑及Th17细胞/CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞(CD4~+CD25~+Treg)表达的动态变化及其相关性。方法将Balb/c小鼠随机分成空白组、哮喘组、孟鲁司特钠组,每组经腹腔注射鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)和氢氧化铝混悬液致敏并雾化吸入2.5%OVA以制备哮喘气道重塑模型,空白组以生理盐水替代;孟鲁司特钠组雾化前给予孟鲁司特钠混悬液灌胃,空白组及哮喘组以生理盐水代替。3组分别在雾化2周、4周及8周后的24 h内随机处死8只小鼠。肺组织病理切片观察气道重塑程度;流式细胞技术检测脾组织中Th17、CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞百分比。结果各时间点哮喘组和孟鲁司特钠组支气管总管壁厚度、平滑肌厚度均高于空白组(P0.05),干预8周时孟鲁司特钠组较哮喘组上述变化明显减轻(P0.05)。与空白组比较,各时间点哮喘组和孟鲁司特钠组均显示Th17细胞数增加,与气道重塑呈正相关(P0.05);而CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞数逐渐降低,与气道重塑呈负相关(P0.05)。干预8周时孟鲁司特钠组与哮喘组比较,Th17细胞数显著下降(P0.05);而CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞数明显增加(P0.05)。结论孟鲁司特钠干预哮喘小鼠后能减轻气道重塑的发生,且随着用药时间延长,改善越明显;机制可能是通过改善哮喘小鼠体内Th17/CD4~+CD25~+Treg的免疫紊乱,抑制气道炎症反应从而减轻或延缓气道重塑来起作用的。     

Both allergen-specific CD4 and CD8 Type 2 T cells decreased in asthmatic children with immunotherapy

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) has been used for the treatment of atopic diseases since the turn of this century. The precise working mechanisms, however, remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of particular subsets of allergen-specific T cells in the non-atopic individuals, untreated asthmatic children and the asthmatic children receiving immunotherapy. We collected peripheral blood from 16 untreated asthmatic children and 17 asthmatic children receiving immunotherapy over one and half years. All the patients were sensitive to mite allergen. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and, in vitro , stimulated with crude mite extract to enrich the mite-specific T-cell population. After 14 days, the enriched mite-specific T cells were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin for intracellular detection of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. The data here demonstrated that the levels of mite-specific IgG4 and IgA increased significantly in asthmatic children after immunotherapy. In addition, both IL-4 expressing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were significantly lower in asthmatic children after immunotherapy compared with those of before treatment and the normal control (p < 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of IFN-γ expressing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells did not significantly differ between untreated and SIT-treated groups. All these data suggested that decreased Type 2 CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells might be closely correlated with the regulatory mechanisms of immunotherapy.     

T Cell Activation and T Cell Receptor Variable Region Gene Usage in Measles

T cell activation and T cell receptor variable (V) regions were studied with monoclonal antibodies in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 22 patients with measles. Increased (> 5%) activated T cells (HLA-DR⁺ CD3⁺ cells) were noted in 14 of the 22 patients. Elevations of Vβ5⁺ and Vβ8 + T cells were observed in two and four patients, respectively, and appeared to be associated with T cell activation. The duration of fever was significantly prolonged in those with increased (> 10%) activated T cells (p < 0.01). These results suggest that T cell activation and the preferential expansion of Vβ8⁺ and Vβ5⁺ T cells are associated with the pathogenic process of measles.     

CD4+CD25int/highCD127low 调节性T细胞在再生障碍性贫血患儿中的检测及意义

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血（AA）患儿外周血 CD4+ CD25int/high CD127low 调节性 T 细胞（Treg）的表达特点及其与 Hb、WBC 和 血小板（Plt）数量的相关性。方法：采用流式细胞术检测 15 例正常儿童（对照组）和 22 例治疗有效的AA患儿治疗前后外周血 CD4+ CD25int/high CD127low Treg百分比的变化,分析 CD4+CD25high-CD127low Treg与 Hb、WBC 和 Plt 数量的相关性。结果：AA 组急性期外周血 CD4+CD25+、CD4+CD25high、CD4+CD25+CD127low、CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg占 CD4+ T 细胞的百分比均较对照组显著降低（P﹤0.05）;恢复期的表达则高于急性期（P﹤0.05）,而与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。AA组急性期、恢复期及对照组的 CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg表达率与外周血中 Hb、WBC 和 Plt 数量均呈正相关（r分别为 0.499、0.526、0.540,P<0.05）。结论：CD4+CD25int/highCD127low Treg 减低可能与 AA 发病有关,为其作为判断 AA 病情变化的指标提供了可能的理论依据,并可以作为免疫治疗的靶点之一进行深入研究。     

白细胞介素6/STAT3信号活化在急性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜患儿辅助性T淋巴细胞17/调节性T淋巴细胞失衡中的作用

目的探讨IL-6/STAT3信号活化在儿童急性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Th17)/调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)失衡中的作用。方法选择急性ITP患儿30例,同年龄健康对照组30例。ELISA法检测其血浆IL-6水平;荧光定量PCR检测CD4+T淋巴细胞RORγt mRNA、FOXP3 mRNA、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子(SOCS)1 mRNA、SOCS3 mRNA表达;流式细胞术检测其外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T淋巴细胞、CD4+IL-17A+T淋巴细胞比例及CD4+T淋巴细胞磷酸化STAT3(pSTAT3)蛋白平均荧光强度(MFI);甲基化特异性定量PCR检测CD4+T淋巴细胞SOCS1基因外显子2、SOCS3基因5’端非翻译区(5’-UTR)3个可能的STAT3结合位点CpG岛甲基化水平。结果 1.与健康对照组比较,ITP组患儿CD4+IL-17A+T淋巴细胞比例及RORγt mRNA表达水平显著上调(Pa<0.05),CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T淋巴细胞比例及FOXP3 mRNA表达显著降低(Pa<0.05),Th17/Treg比值明显升高(P<0.05);2.与健康对照组比较,ITP组患儿IL-6表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),且pSTAT3 MFI值亦明显增高(P<0.05);3.与健康对照组比较,ITP组患儿CD4+T淋巴细胞SOCS1和SOCS3 mRNA水平显著增加(Pa<0.05),与其Th17/Treg比值均呈负相关(r=-0.63、-0.70,Pa<0.05);健康对照组SOCS1基因外显子2、SOCS3基因5’-UTR区第3个STAT3结合位点的CpG岛完全去甲基化,急性ITP患儿呈低甲基化状态(Pa<0.05),其去甲基化水平与表达呈正相关(r=0.76、0.65,Pa<0.05)。各组SOCS3基因5’-UTR区第1、2个STAT3结合位点CpG岛均处于完全去甲基化状态(Pa>0.05)。结论 SOCS1和SOCS3基因低甲基化所致IL-6/STAT3信号异常活化可能是急性ITP患者Th17/Treg细胞失衡的因素之一。     

T cell receptor V gene usage by CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes in immune thrombocytopenic purpura

AIM: To identify T cell expansions, i.e. increased frequencies of T cells using a particular T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha or V beta gene segment, in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). METHODS: The TCR repertoires of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes of 16 patients with chronic ITP were analysed by staining with a panel of anti-TCR V alpha and V beta antibodies followed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Four of the 16 patients exhibited a total of 6 expansions of CD8+ T cells using a particular V beta segment, but no expansions were detected in the CD4+ subset. For three of the expansions where a follow-up blood sample after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin was available, only one expansion remained. CONCLUSION: Overall T cell expansion frequency was the same as in healthy individuals. However, the presence of expansions that normalized with treatment suggests the presence of specific T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of ITP.     

Strong response of T cells in infants with dual infection by Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus

BACKGROUND: Although a reversed CD4/CD8 ratio and increased proportion of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells are well known as the characteristic immune response in infectious mononucleosis (IM), it has not been elucidated whether these immune responses are affected by patient age and pathogenetic viruses. METHODS: T cell subsets were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate- and phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies in 115 infants and children aged from 4 months to 10 years with IM due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and dual infection with both viruses. RESULTS: A reversed CD4/CD8 ratio and increased proportions of CD4+/HLA-DR+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and CD8+/HLA-DR+ T cells became more prominent as the age of the patients became older. No differences were observed in proportions of T cell subsets between EBV- and CMV-infection among patients aged from 6 to 17 months. Although the responses of these T cells were weak in infants with single virus infection by EBV and CMV, markedly strong T cell responses comparable with those in older children were observed in infants with EBV/CMV dual infection. Clinical symptoms were more severe in patients with EBV/CMV dual infection than those with EBV or CMV alone. CONCLUSION: The manner of these T cell responses in the acute phase of IM was considered to be age dependent, although strong T cell responses and severe disease were observed in EBV/CMV dual infection irrespective of patient age.