倾斜入射的波前编码系统的点扩散函数扩大效应分析

通过对坐标系统进行旋转，计算得到了三次型波前编码系统的倾斜入射的光瞳函数，并给出了近似表达式. 分析表明倾斜入射会产生三次相位扩大效应和离焦扩大效应，它们和入射角的正负无关，且随着入射角绝对值的增大而增大. 这表现在点扩散函数(point spread function, PSF)上会扩展PSF包络的两条直角边，表现在调制传递函数(modulation transfer function, MTF)上会降低MTF值. 子午面倾斜入射时，子午方向的三次相位扩大效应和离焦放大效应大于弧矢方向，从而导致子午方向     

基于MTF一致性的波前编码相位板参数研究

波前编码成像系统因能够在不降低系统分辨率和入射光能量的情况下扩大非相干光学成像的景深（焦深）而倍受关注。在波前编码技术理论的基础上,以波前编码成像系统离焦时的MTF和未离焦时的MTF的均方差来表征系统离焦时的MTF一致性,即系统的离焦不变性,分析得到了三次相位板系数的合理选取范围。利用模糊函数的性质和系统传递信息能力分析相位板系数的选择对系统传递信息的影响,从而确定三次相位板参数选择的依据。     

波前编码成像系统景深延拓扩展率的研究

研究三次相位板的波前编码光学系统,发现在一定的条件下系统调制传递函数(MTF)对波前编码系统的离焦不敏感,才能得到波前编码系统的景深.对比传统光学系统的景深,得到波前编码系统的景深延拓扩展率的表达式.分析空间频率取值范围和三次相位板系数α,发现当a=20π时,波前编码系统可以将传统光学系统的景深扩大60倍以上.     

相位板装配倾斜对波前编码系统点扩散函数的影响

分析了装配误差引起的相位板倾斜对波前编码系统的影响,通过坐标变换推导了相应条件下的广义光瞳函数。结果表明:倾斜因子对系统的相位板系数具有放大效果,其随倾斜角绝对值的增大而增大,而与倾斜角的正负无关。相位板倾斜会放大系统点扩散函数包络面的两条直角边,相应地降低其光学传递函数值。在子午倾斜的条件下,子午方向的相位板系数放大效果大于弧矢方向,从而导致点扩散函数包络面在子午方向的放大效果大于弧矢方向,子午方向光学传递函数值的降低效果大于弧矢方向。采用MATLAB以及商用光学软件进行仿真实验,验证了上述结论。     

相位板装配倾斜对波前编码系统点扩散函数的影响

分析了装配误差引起的相位板倾斜对波前编码系统的影响,通过坐标变换推导了相应条件下的广义光瞳函数。结果表明：倾斜因子对系统的相位板系数具有放大效果,其随倾斜角绝对值的增大而增大,而与倾斜角的正负无关。相位板倾斜会放大系统点扩散函数包络面的两条直角边,相应地降低其光学传递函数值。在子午倾斜的条件下,子午方向的相位板系数放大效果大于弧矢方向,从而导致点扩散函数包络面在子午方向的放大效果大于弧矢方向,子午方向光学传递函数值的降低效果大于弧矢方向。采用MATLAB以及商用光学软件进行仿真实验,验证了上述结论。     

一种优化波前编码系统相位板参数的新方法

根据波前编码系统的设计理论,在兼顾图像恢复能力的基础上,提出利用不同离焦距离的点扩散函数与焦面处的点扩散函数之间的希尔伯特空间角作为成像特性一致性的评价函数,结合遗传算法,对扩大景深的波前编码成像系统的相位板参数进行优化。分别在空间域和频率域上分析应用波前编码技术前后光学系统的成像特性,并利用最小二乘数字滤波器对中间模糊图像进行复原。仿真实验结果表明:在三次相位板上应用此方法获得的最佳相位板参数使波前编码系统焦深扩展了10倍。     

波前编码系统相位板视场效应的消除

通过在光学系统的光阑面上加入一个非球面相位板,使得光学系统的成像对离焦不敏感.但当入射视场角较大时,图像的边缘发生变形且难以恢复.针对此问题,提出了两种解决方案,方案一是把相位板移至光路中光线较为平缓的区域,但不是系统的光阑位置;方案二是保持相位板位置不变,优化整个光学系统,使相位板前的光线能够平缓地入射到相位板.实验中对一个EFL=12.5 mm,F/#=1.3,半视场角为13.5°的波前编码实际系统进行仿真比较,得出方案二可以有效地消除波前编码相位板引入的视场效应.     

三次相位掩模板波前编码系统非轴向斯特雷尔比

传统成像光学系统的点扩展函数(PSF)峰值位置在其光轴上,斯特雷尔比(SR)定义为有无像差轴向PSF强度之比,而波前编码系统在光瞳处相位变化为非旋转对称式,其PSF在像面上将产生偏移,利用PSF的轴向强度计算光学系统斯特雷尔比将不再适用.分析了三次相位掩模板PSF的位置偏移量,其是以焦面为对称轴的抛物线族.并在此基础上...     

波前编码系统成像特性的空间域分析

波前编码技术在大幅度地增加光学系统景深的同时,可以抑制各种离焦类型的像差。目前波前编码系统的成像特性分析大多是基于空间频率域的分析,在应用稳定相法导出三次型相位板波前编码系统的点扩展函数近似解析式的基础之上,描述了点扩展函数的边界、带宽与振荡等特性,分析了波前编码系统对离焦、像散、彗差等常见像差的敏感性,从空间域进一步分析了波前编码系统的成像特性。     

手机成像系统的波前相位编码板光学特性的优化

设计了基于波前相位编码板的轻薄手机镜头,原始成像系统的焦深大小是0.017 mm,使用立方相位编码板,采用基于斯特列尔比的相位板优化方法,保持了在不同离焦位置成像系统MTF的稳定性,最终成像系统设计焦深达到0.136 mm,焦深扩展了8倍,经过Zemax软件仿真,验证了景深延拓的效果。设计结果表明,使用相位编码板即可增大定焦距手机系统的景深,使得系统结构紧凑,又克服了视场效应。     

The analysis of misalignment errors of optical masks for wavefront coded passive-ranging systems

A typical wavefront coding passive-ranging system and its alignment error coordinate is introduced. Based on this, we have analyzed off-axis error, tilt error of x–y plane and tilt error of y–z plane for the plane of mask. The results show the off-axis error of mask does not affect the magnitude transfer function (MTF) of optical–digital system and the light spots will has a plane shift. The tilt error of x–y plane makes us realize that the coordinate must be selected on the basis of the optical mask plane in wavefront coded passive-ranging system. The tilt angle in y–z plane brings errors to the final ranging result. Therefore, the passive ranging system requires higher assembly accuracy between modulating plane and optical system plane. We noted that it bring errors to the final ranging result with wide field of view condition on the passive ranging system.     

可调谐相位板空域频域联合分析

波前编码系统采用在传统光学系统中加入相位板来扩大光学系统的景深而避免传统景深延拓技术的不利影响. 由于相位板的参数不可调, 整个系统的景深延拓扩展率也不能动态可调. 采用两相位板组合的方法可以有效克服这一点. 本文首先从光线差的角度提出了两三次相位板组合下的光线像差分布以及点扩散函数尺寸的具体关系表达式, 直观体现了系统的光线结构, 指出了光线结构和点扩散函数尺寸受两三次相位板的面型和相对位移量的影响. 其次采用稳相法从空间域给出了系统点扩散函数表达式, 依据点扩散函数的振荡性质给出了有效带宽表达式, 提出了点扩散函数在像面的位置会随两相位板面型参数以及相对于光瞳中心的位移量而发生平移. 最后利用菲涅耳积分给出两三次相位板任意面型参数和相对位移组合下的准确光学传递函数. 在得到的调制传递函数中直观体现出了面型参数和相对位移量对调制传递函数和相位传递函数以及有效带宽的影响, 并说明了此系统相位传递函数的非线性性质. 通过空间域与频率域相结合的方法分析验证了传统的两三次相位板组合具有景深可调和带宽可调的性质, 为设计可调谐波前编码系统提供了理论依据.     

Super-resolution by pupil plane phase filtering

Resolution capability of any optical imaging system is limited by residual aberrations as well as diffraction effects. Overcoming this fundamental limit is called super-resolution. Several new paradigms for super-resolution in optical systems use ‘a posteriori’ digital image processing. In these ventures the three-dimensional point spread function (PSF) of the lens plays a key role in image acquisition. A straightforward tailoring of the PSF can be performed by appropriate pupil plane filtering. With a brief review of the state-of-art in this research area, this paper dwells upon the inverse problem of global optimization of the pupil function by phase filtering in accordance with the desired PSF.     

Wide viewing angle skewed effect of the point spread function in a wavefront coding system

The point spread function (PSF) of a wavefront coding (WFC) system with a cubic phase mask is analyzed with a wide viewing angle based on physical optics for what is believed to be the first time. Two coordinate transformations are made to generate a pupil function, from which we obtain the encoded PSF of the WFC system with defocus parameters W(020) and object angles alpha and beta. The encoded PSFs are further side extended as the object angles get wider. When alphabeta<0, the included angle ? of encoded PSF will skew to an obtuse angle. When alphabeta=0, ? remains orthogonal; when alphabeta>0, ? will skew to an acute angle. Furthermore, the effect of skew and side extension is even symmetric about W(020). As a result, the wide viewing angle has a bad effect on the imaging quality of the WFC system.     

波前编码系统景深延拓性能研究

波前编码景深延拓技术是在非相干光学系统的出瞳处加入三次位相板,对成像进行解码处理而获得清晰图像以扩大光学系统景深的技术.文章通过深入研究波前编码光学成像系统的调制传递函数(MTF),分析离焦量和位相板的调制系数对MTF的影响,并通过数值计算和曲线拟合得到位相板调制系数、系统带宽、景深延拓性能之间的关系.该研究成果为位相板的调制系数的选择和景深延拓光学系统的设计提供依据. 关键词： 波前编码 景深延拓 调制传递函数 三次位相板     

An apodized cubic phase mask used in a wavefront coding system to extend the depth of field

The point spread function (PSF) caused by a wavefront coding system with a cubic phase mask has big side-lobes which leads to bad image restoration. This paper proposes a novel apodized cubic phase mask to suppress the side-lobes of the PSF. Simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the cubic and the truncation parameter of the phase mask. The system with the novel phase mask has better performance in the modulation transfer function (MTF) especially in low-and-medium spatial frequency region. The simulation results show that the restored images with the novel phase mask are superior to the one with the classic cubic phase mask in contrast and ringing effect. The experimental results show that the side-lobes of the PSF are suppressed by using the apodized cubic phase mask.     

Acoustic wave propagation through the boundary between a liquid and the Heusler ferromagnetic alloy

Incidence of an acoustic wave upon a plane boundary between a liquid and a ferromagnetic crystal is considered. The ferromagnet is the Ni_2+x+y Mn_1−x Ga_1−y Heusler alloy with a shape memory, which is in the region of the premartensite or martensite phase transition in temperature. The directions of propagation and polarization and the amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted quasilongitudinal and quasitransverse waves in the (110) plane of the crystal are determined. Starting from a certain critical angle of incidence, a longitudinal wave in the crystal becomes inhomogeneous and gliding along the boundary with an accompanying surface oscillation. In the vicinity of the phase transition point, this wave may be radiated into the crystal bulk. Proceeding from the experimental data by Trivisonno for ultrasonic velocities and absorption in a Ni₂MnGa crystal, numerical estimates are obtained for the aforementioned acoustic effects.     

Effects of Colored Noise on Self-Propelled Particles in a Two-Dimensional Potential

The effects of colored noise on self-propelled particles in a two-dimensional potential are investigated. The resonance phenomenon was found as the the average velocity has a maximum value with increasing x direction noise intensity. The average velocity takes its maximal value as the parameters (the y direction noise intensity, the self-propelled angle noise intensity, and so on) take suitable values. The y direction noise and the self-propelled angle noise have great effects on the x direction particles transport. The y direction noise and the self-propelled angle noise cannot induce x direction particles transport in the absence of x direction noise. The ratchet effect should disappear when there is no coupling between the x direction potential and the y direction potential.