DAC加载下材料高压声速的激光超声测量技术

 设计并建立了可测量金刚石压砧（DAC）加载下材料高压声速的激光超声系统。该系统采用脉宽为6.3 ns的调Q激光器作为超声波激发光源,使用光纤位移干涉仪和速度干涉仪混合系统进行超声位移探测,不需要借助其它任何参数即可直接测量样品的高压声速和原位厚度。利用该系统,测量了2.6 GPa压力下铜样品的高压纵波声速和原位厚度,并给出了测量结果。     

用脉冲光声法测量固体介质中声速

提出了一种利用脉冲光声技术测量固体介质中声速的方法,建立了由YAG激光器和超声探测器组成的实验系统,脉冲激光在固体表面产生脉冲超声波,通过测量脉冲声波在固体内多次反射后的出射信号及固体的厚度,即可算出固体介质中的声速.对黄铜及铝的测量结果表明,这是一种准确性较高的固体介质中声速测量方法.该测量方法可作为综合设计性物理实...     

超声脉冲法测量固体材料声速实验的扩展与升级

根据声速与材料弹性常量之间满足的克里斯托菲尔方程,利用超声脉冲法测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速,计算出超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量.利用电磁铁激发均匀的外磁场,测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速与外磁场的关系,研究了超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量随外磁场的变化规律.通过对传统固体介质声速测量实验内容的扩展与升级,不仅加深了学生对超声脉冲法测量声速原理的理解,还使传统的实验项目焕发了新的生命力.     

准晶结构的激光全息人工制作

报道了用激光全息刻写技术结合感光聚合材料体系制作介观尺度二维准周期结构(准晶). 并在前期工作的基础上，研究了不同曝光量对二维空气柱孔径的影响，不同偏振对准晶结构花样的影响. 实验结果显示，可以制作的二维准晶的空气柱孔径可达100nm，而且结构均匀，无缺陷面积大. 用此实验系统可以制作多种花样二维甚至是三维准晶结构. 目前，除激光全息刻写技术外，用其他传统精密机械加工技术来人工制作介观准晶体尚存在很大挑战性. 关键词： 准晶结构 光子晶体 激光全息技术     

超声换能器表面的振动状态

从超声波在波密介质和波疏介质之间的传播以及诱发共振发射超声波的角度,讨论了空气中超声声速测量实验所用超声换能器的表面振动状态.理论分析及实验测量结果表明:超声换能器表面振动状态与其结构有关,超声接收器表面位移振幅一般不为零.     

基于虚拟仪器技术开发的超声弹性模量测量系统

本文利用脉冲回波法，通过声速测量材料弹性模量，基于虚拟仪器技术发挥软件算法的优势提高测量精度。通过研制超声脉冲收发卡，编制弹性模量测量系统软件，开发了超声弹性模量测量系统。     

基于同步辐射的X射线成像技术在静高压研究中的应用

随着同步辐射技术的发展,稳定、高强度、能量可调、具有优良相干性的X射线源成为现实,使得X射线成像技术在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。成像方法也从传统的简单投影成像,发展出相衬成像、显微成像、相干衍射成像等多种实验技术。X射线衍射技术用于测量具有长程周期性的材料在微观尺度的结构信息;与之相比,X射线成像技术的可视化强,测量直接,可实现各种材料(晶体、非晶体、液体等)从微观、介观到宏观尺度的测量。近年来,X射线成像技术在静高压领域中有了长足的发展,如非晶态材料的物态方程测量、高压加载下的声速测量、熔融铁在地幔岩石中的输运过程研究、晶体材料中的应变分布以及材料相变的演化过程研究等。本文较系统地总结了X射线成像技术在静高压研究领域的应用,以期对今后的研究有所帮助。     

基于无线通信的激光超声测量系统

激光超声测量技术是一种重要和先进的非接触式超声测量技术.为了减少测量系统各构成部分间的电缆连接,将无线通信技术与激光测量技术的特点相结合,研究了一种激光超声无损测量系统,分析了该测量系统的原理及构成.系统用掺钕钇铝石榴石固体激光器在材料中激励超声波,压电换能器接收超声信号.该信号经系统级芯片MSP430F2274单片机放大、模数转换成数字信号,然后由单片机控制nRF905芯片进行信号的无线传输.接收部分的单片机采用RS-232-C接口标准实现与计算机的串行通信,把信号送入计算机显示记录存储和处理.结果表明该系统实现了激光超声的近程无线测量, 简化了系统的结构,传输性能稳定,对周围电子仪器干扰小,显示了很好的应用前景.     

利用超声光栅研究声速与液体性质

设计并搭建了超声光栅,观察了激光经过光栅形成的衍射斑纹,测量了声速;并利用超声光栅测定了不同温度、不同浓度的NaCl溶液中的声速,给出了声速-水温和声速-溶液浓度的依赖关系.水的温度每升高1℃,3.974 MHz的超声波的声速增加2.09 m/s,16.574 MHz的超声波的波速增加2.04m/s;声速随着NaCl溶液浓度的增大线性增加,NaCl溶液浓度每升高1%,3.974 MHz的超声波声速增加13.637 m/s,16.574 MHz的声波声速增加11.757 m/s.在此基础上,分析了不同频率的超声波对实验规律的影响,认为不同频率的超声波在相同条件下测量的溶液中声速大小的不同源于测量的随机误差.     

介观体系和介场物理

20世纪 80年代初中期开始兴起的介观物理是凝聚态物理中人们十分关注的研究领域 ,“介观”一词大家已听得很多了 .一段时间以来 ,常读到介观尺度是由电子非弹性散射平均自由程决定的说法 ,觉得不太确切 .想到这一说法可能和我早先发表在《物理》杂志的文章[1] ,以及我们主编的《介观物理》一书第一版的前言[2 ] 有关 ,特写此短文说明 .这里的说明也许仍有不妥之处 ,请读者指正 .1　介观尺度介观体系的大小是由介观尺度来刻划的 .介观尺度是载流子保持相位记忆的长度 ,一般记为Ｌφ,称为退相位长度 .相位记忆的丢失源于载流子的非弹性散射 ,…     

微秒级时间分辨傅里叶变换红外光谱激发系统研究

本文阐述了自行研制的、与FTIR仪器连接运行的时间分辨FTIR系统,包括光激发和电场激发两套系统。检验和测试了系统的工作参数和性能,获得了微秒-毫秒级时间分辨光谱图。     

三维空间下混合白光LED系统照度模型

针对包含暖白光和冷白光两种不同LED光源的混合白光LED系统, 提出一种非线性控制混合白光LED系统照度模型的方法论。该混合白光LED系统包含暖白光及冷白光两种不同LED光源。混合白光LED系统总照度取决于两个LED光源所占的光通量比例, 据此提出三维空间下不同电流负载情况下的混合白光LED系统的照度模型, 通过简单的光学及电学测试方法校准, 并实验测试验证该三维照度模型的真实性。该方法对混合白光LED系统的应用具有一定参考价值, 而且其适用于多个光源的LED系统, 并不仅限于白光LED。     

Full-order and reduced-order observer-based synchronization for chaotic systems with unknown disturbances and parameters

The Letter deals with the problem of synchronization of chaotic dynamic system with unknown disturbances and parameters based on observer. First, under some assumptions for drive system, a kind of full-order observer-based synchronization method is summarized. The response system is a robust adaptive full-order observer with adaptation laws for the unknown disturbances and parameters. Second, under the same assumptions, a reduced-order observer-based response system which can synchronize part states of drive system is developed. By choosing a special reduced-order gain matrix, the reduced-order observer-based response system is able to eliminate the influence of the unknown disturbances and parameters directly, so it is unnecessary for one to design the adaptation laws of them. Finally, some numerical simulations for Lorenz chaotic system are design and the simulation results are analyzed in detail.     

一类时变非线性振动系统的同步控制方法

对于一类非自治的非线性振动系统，设计了控制方法并建立了相应的派生系统，使得派生系统能与原系统达到同步.利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了两个系统在一定条件下可以达到同步，给出了耦合参数的选择条件.对于含参数激励与强迫激励的Mathieu方程以及拟周期激励的Duffing方程进行了实际的仿真计算，证明了派生系统可以与原系统的拟周期、混沌运动快速实现同步. 关键词： 派生系统 同步 差别方程     

激光导引星自适应光学系统对大气湍流低阶像差校正效果分析

 在对大气湍流相位扰动进行Zernike多项式展开的基础上,通过对信标和目标光的Zernike系数相关因子的推导, 得到了实际自适应光学系统（系统存在时间滞后和有限的空间分辨率）对相位扰动各阶像差的校正残差公式。同时结合实际,对瑞利导星以及钠导星自适应光学系统补偿大气湍流各阶像差的能力进行了计算和分析,为实际自适应光学系统的设计提供了理论参考。     

Security Applications of Optical Face Recognition System: Access Control in E-Learning

The educational system has gradually shifted from a face-to-face to an e-learning system, which has become prevalent in advanced countries with the advance of information technology, and connection of global networks. Accordingly, a growing demand is emerging for more reliable individual certification with technical precision in order to measure and record learning achievements and credentials of participants. The present system has a limit in terms of registration capacity, therefore, its accuracy has often been questioned. Against this background, an individual certification system is proposed particularly for access control in e-learning. Under our proposed system, a compact optical correlator for facial recognition is employed. This correlator was previously tested for of biometrics authentication accuracy and proved highly reliable, having recorded remarkably low error rates (below 1%). The recorded error rate is sufficiently robust that the system itself can be regarded as a valid and practical viable attestation system.     

Development of low concentrated solar photovoltaic system with lead acid battery as storage device

Energy storage system powered by renewable energies is a viable option to meet energy requirement without addition of carbon footprints to the environment. This study involves development of theoretical and computational models for a solar photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a lead acid battery. The study commenced with selection of most appropriate lead acid battery and PV system for installation in a representative location in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various technical and economic parameters were assessed and calculated by computational approach. The optimized lead acid battery was integrated with low concentration solar PV panels (CPV) followed by a feasibility study. Theoretical model was developed for the integrated system to calculate various parameters of the CPV and lead acid battery. Technical and economic assessment of this coupled unit was calculated using a theoretical approach. The developed model was then subjected to computational approach for verification and validation analysis of the integrated system. The detailed assessment of batteries and integrated system show the applicability of this system in Riyadh region. The research will be extended to develop energy storage systems for remote areas using lead acid batteries.     

时滞反馈控制扭转振动系统的振动

研究了采用时滞反馈来控制扭转振动系统的振动问题.在一个带有非线性动力吸振器的扭转振动系统中,采用时滞反馈来控制主系统的振动.研究了反馈增益系数和时滞对主系统振动的影响.研究结果表明,对某一固定的反馈增益系数,存在时滞的某段调节区间,可以通过调节时滞来抑制主系统的振动.在时滞的调节区间内存在一个最佳点,主系统的振动被抑制到最小值.可以同时调节反馈增益系数和时滞两参数,当反馈增益系数和时滞都调节到最佳值时,主系统振动的振幅由0.24减小到0.03,取得了很好的减振效果. 关键词： 时滞反馈 扭转振动 减振     

非线性振动系统的预测同步方法研究

对于非线性振动系统,如果通过线性耦合可以实现派生系统与原系统的同步,则可以建立相应的预测派生系统,使得预测派生系统的响应与经τ时间以后的原系统响应同步,实现对原振动系统的非线性响应,特别是混沌响应的预测.也可以建立多级的预测派生系统,预测较长一段时间以后的振动系统未来的非线性响应.对于Duffing系统建立了6级的预测派生系统,可以比较精确地预测3s左右的原系统混沌响应. 关键词： 预测同步 派生系统 响应     

Design and operation of a double-fiber scanning system for surface profiling

Design and operation of an opto-mechanical system for surface profiling are reported in this study. The reported system consists of a double-fiber optical design and an electro-mechanical scanning system. In this arrangement one fiber transmits the source light to the object surface and the second one transmits the light reflected off the surface to a photodetector. By scanning the double-fiber assembly in one-direction, reflection properties of different curved surfaces are investigated. Reflection signals for the cylindrical surfaces made with different curvatures and materials are reported. In order to see the effect of the surface material, for a fixed radius cylinder, the surface is covered with thin paper materials of different colors and results are compared. Our results show that the reported system can be used effectively to monitor the object surface profiles of metallic and non-metallic materials. In another study to investigate the precision and sensitivity of the reported system the reflection result of the structured surface is compared with that of a smooth surface. The reported system provides a simple and accurate means for the object shape study and determination of different surface macrostructures through the optical reflection monitoring. The novelty of the reported system is the fact that provides a great potential to analyze the small features such as the holes and grooves on a target surface. The obtained results clearly show such ability and make the reported opto-mechanical system a suitable tool for object surface analysis in spite of the simplicity and low cost.