基于皮克林乳液聚合四环素磁性分子印迹—生物炭微球的研制

以四环素(TC)为模板分子,生物炭和四氧化三铁为皮克林乳液共稳定剂,通过皮克林乳液聚合法制备了对四环素类抗生素(TCs)具有特异性吸附的磁性分子印迹生物炭微球。通过吸附动力学试验、等温吸附试验及选择性吸附试验对微球的吸附性能进行了详细评价,结果表明印迹微球对TC具有良好的特异性吸附,印迹因子为3.79。将所得材料作为吸附剂用于实际样品中TCs的提取、净化,结合高效液相色谱对样品中TCs含量进行测定。在最优条件下,方法在5～160μg/L范围内线性关系良好,精密度为1.23%～9.99%,最低检出限(LOD)为1.42～1.58μg/L,实际样品的回收率为90.6%～103.4%,表明所建立的方法可以用于食品中TCs痕量残留的准确分析。     

磺酰脲类除草剂分子印迹聚合物制备及其应用

采用沉淀聚合法,以甲磺隆和氯磺隆为双模板分子,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,乙腈为致孔剂,合成对29种磺酰脲类农药具有高选择性的分子印迹聚合物.通过扫描电镜、平衡吸附实验等对制备的印迹聚合物进行表征和测定.结果表明:分子印迹聚合物对29种磺酰脲类农药具有特异性吸附作用,其最大表观结合量为13.21 mg...     

辣根过氧化物印迹酶的活性和动力学研究

对辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)进行了生物印迹,并对影响印迹酶活性的因素和印迹后酶的动力学进行了研究。结果表明,印迹酶比游离酶催化活性提高了约6倍,催化效率增加约10倍,Km值减小约3倍。     

亲水性丁香菌酯分子印迹微球的制备、表征与吸附性能的研究

本文以丁香菌酯为模板，甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPMA）为亲水性功能单体，通过沉淀聚合法制备了亲水性丁香菌酯分子印迹微球（HMIMs），并采用紫外分光光度计，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和激光粒度分析仪对亲水性丁香菌酯分子印迹微球（HMIMs）和非印迹微球（HNIMS）进行粒径、单分散性及形貌分析。通过动力学吸附、等温吸附和选择性吸附研究了HMIMs在水介质中对丁香菌酯的吸附性能。结果显示，模板分子、功能单体与交联剂形成稳定复合物的印迹微球摩尔比例为1:6:30，在此比例下制备的HMIMs中存在一种结合位点且外形良好、粒径排列紧密且具有单分散性。其准二级动力学模型（Pscudo-second-order-model）表明丁香菌酯与HMIMs的吸附过程属于化学吸附。在等温吸附实验中，HMIMs的Langmuir理论最大吸附量分别为53.35 mg/g（318 K）、41.69 mg/g（298 K）和39.42 mg/g（278 K），说明当温度为318 K时，吸附效率最高。且HMIMs在水介质中对丁香菌酯的吸附能力高于HNIMs，说明HMIMs与HNIMs相比具有良好的亲水性。Langmuir吸附等温线说明HMIMs对丁香菌酯的吸附属于单分子层吸附。选择性吸附表明HMIMs对丁香菌酯具有高度特异性识别。环境水样的加标回收率为85.85%~87.96%。     

双水相萃取结合硼酸亲和吸附分离纯化辣根过氧化物酶

开发一种结合两步双水相萃取和亲和吸附分离的新型集成化方法,用于从辣根中分离和纯化辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP).首先,将两步双水相萃取工艺用于糖和色素的分离,然后将"多价"苯硼酸亲和磁性石墨烯复合材料(d-PBA-GO@Fe3O4@PEI)用作进一步吸附分离,实现从杂质蛋白中选择...     

麦胚球蛋白分子印迹聚合物制备及表征

运用蛋白质印迹法对麦胚球蛋白中的免疫组分进行分离提纯。以人血丙种球蛋白为模板,间氨基苯硼酸为功能单体,以活化的壳聚糖球为载体,制备对麦胚球蛋白有特异性吸附的2种印迹材料。利用傅里叶红外色谱及扫描电镜对印迹聚合物进行表征。通过静态吸附及等温吸附试验研究其吸附性能,并分析MIPs-麦胚蛋白吸附-解析附的过程。结果表明,以2种形态壳聚糖微球为载体的印迹聚合物对麦胚球蛋白组分的有效吸附量分别为20.75,3.27 mg/g;分离因数达到1.92,1.04。对印迹聚合物A建立Langmuir吸附模型,得到吸附平衡常数K为6.11。通过分析发现该材料对麦胚球蛋白免疫组分存在特异性吸附且能够有效洗脱。该聚合物的制备为进一步研究开发麦胚球蛋白及医药级球蛋白的纯化提供了新思路。     

双模板大豆异黄酮类特异性分子印迹聚合物微球的制备及性能研究

为探寻大豆异黄酮类物质的富集分离的新方法和新思路,选用染料木苷和大豆苷含量总和为89.2%的大豆异黄酮为模板,采用沉淀聚合法,以4-乙烯基吡啶（4-VP）为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EGDMA）为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,成功制备了分子印迹聚合物微球,并对微球进行了吸附静态学、吸附动力学、类特异选择性和结构表征研究。通过紫外光谱法研究了模板分子与功能单体的相互作用,结果显示4-VP和模板分子作用强烈,模板分子和4-VP最佳摩尔质量比为1：6。静态吸附实验表明印迹聚合物（MIP）与非印迹聚合物（NIP）相比,MIP对模板分子具有明显的特异性吸附。吸附动力学实验表明聚合物微球在5h内对模板分子达到饱和吸附。类特异选择性实验表明MIP对多种大豆异黄酮类单体组分具有明显的类特异性吸附,特异吸附量高。此印迹聚合物微球有望在大豆苷异黄酮富集、分离、检测方面得到广泛的研究和应用。     

阿魏酸印迹聚合物微球的合成及特异吸附性能

拟制备阿魏酸分子印迹聚合物微球,考察聚合物的特异吸附性能。以阿魏酸为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AM)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用沉淀聚合法合成分子印迹微球,采用静态吸附及扫描电镜(SEM)方法对微球进行表征。制得的印迹聚合物微球的形貌和吸附性能较好,对阿魏酸与肉桂酸的选择性分离因子α为1.97。分子印迹聚合物微球对阿魏酸分子有特异性吸附和识别能力。     

烟酰胺单核苷酸分子印迹微球的制备及其吸附性能研究

以烟酰胺单核苷酸(nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMN)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备NMN分子印迹微球。对分子印迹微球制备工艺进行优化,当模板分子、功能单体、交联剂的摩尔比为1∶2∶10、乙腈-水(体积比3∶1)用量12 mL、聚合温度60℃时,制备的分子印迹微球吸附效果最好。静态吸附结果表明,所制得的分子印迹微球对NMN有较强的吸附能力;动态吸附结果表明,该分子印迹微球在60 min左右达到吸附平衡、对NMN的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学方程。该分子印迹微球用于固相萃取西兰花提取液中的NMN时,展现了较高的应用性能,对NMN分子印迹微球的制备优化和应用具有参考和指导意义。     

酪胺分子印迹聚合物的制备及识别特性研究

利用分子印迹技术制备用于酪胺快速检测的分子印迹聚合物.以酪胺为模版分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,在乙腈中沉淀聚合制备了酪胺分子印迹聚合物微球.通过紫外光谱法对酪胺与MAA的相互作用进行了分析,结果表明在研究的浓度范围内主客体主要存在形式为1个酪胺分子与1个MAA分子发生作用.对聚合物吸附动力学进行了初步研究,通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了聚合物微球对模板分子的结合能力,印迹聚合物微球在8h后逐渐达到吸附平衡.利用Langmuir数学模型对吸附特性进行了分析,Scatchard图显示印迹聚合物的最大吸附量Bmax=325.0μmol/g和解吸常数KD=0.577mmol/L.同时印迹聚合物的吸附选择性较好.此方法合成的印迹聚合物微球对酪胺有较好的结合性能,可应用于酪胺的分离检测.     

Synthesis of enzymatically-gellable carboxymethylcellulose for biomedical applications

We synthesized a carboxymethylcellulose with phenol moieties by covalently incorporating tyramine into carboxymethylcellulose using aqueous-phase carbodiimide activation chemistry. The resulting hydrogel was obtained from an aqueous solution of the conjugate via the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation reaction of phenols by consuming H(2)O(2), where the gelation speed depended on the concentrations of enzyme and H(2)O(2). The viability of the mammalian cells enclosed within the hydrogel prepared from 1.5% (w/v) conjugate solution containing 5 units/ml horseradish peroxidase and 1 mM H(2)O(2), was 80% after 24 h. These results demonstrate that this carboxymethylcellulose with phenol moieties has potential for biomedical applications including tissue-engineering.     

乙胺基团增强聚吡咯材料对印染废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

印染废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)是一种毒性较大的污染物,而功能化聚吡咯材料对重金属离子具有优良的吸附性。通过共聚改性法成功合成了一种新型复合吸附剂聚[1-(2-氨乙基)吡咯](PPy-NH2),并将其用作吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附剂,重点研究了该吸附材料去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素和吸附机理。结果表明:PPy-NH2的吸附能力随溶液pH的降低而增强,当pH=1.6时,吸附量为164.3mg/g;吸附量随着PPy-NH2用量的增加而增大,当PPy-NH2用量为4 g时基本达到吸附平衡,去除率为97.11%;任一共存离子浓度增加均会降低PPy-NH2对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率。PPy-NH2复合材料是一种高效的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附剂。     

载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸的吸附特性分析

该研究以氧氯化锆和蒙脱石为原料,通过共沉淀法制备载锆蒙脱石。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和比表面积分析（BET）研究改性和吸附对载锆蒙脱石表观结构和表面基团的影响,并考察了载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液的吸附特性。表征结果显示,载锆蒙脱石相较于蒙脱石表面更加粗糙,比表面积达到了204.47 m2/g,是改性前的3.39倍;表面有纳米小颗粒堆积,FT-IR和XPS结果证明氧化锆成功负载到蒙脱石表面,载锆蒙脱石等电点为7.39。吸附试验表明载锆蒙脱石吸附量相较于蒙脱石吸附量提高了102.54%,载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸吸附的最佳pH为7.0,时间为300 min时达到平衡。吸附过程可以准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型准确描述,饱和吸附量达到129.87 mg/g;热力学研究表明吸附过程为吸热过程,能自发进行。经过5次再生后,载锆蒙脱石可以保持初次吸附量的80%以上。吸附过程主要通过静电引力和氧化锆的配位离子交换吸附没食子酸。综上所述,载锆蒙脱石对蔗糖溶液中没食子酸具有良好的吸附性能,是一种有前景的糖用吸附剂。     

交联壳聚糖水凝胶的分子结构差异与其控释性能关系

为了提高活性物质的生物利用度,该研究以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)或六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)为交联剂,制备具有不同微观结构的壳聚糖基水凝胶,探讨其控释性能,并通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射和热重分析对水凝胶结构进行分析。热重分析结果表明,壳聚糖上的氨基与交联剂磷酸基团之间通过氢键进行交联,提高了壳聚糖水凝胶的热稳定性。同时,与TPP相比,SHMP为壳聚糖链段与阴离子基团间的结合提供更多静电作用位点,使得SHMP交联壳聚糖水凝胶在1530 cm^-1附近表现出强的特征峰。此外,TPP交联水凝胶的溶胀性能优于SHMP交联水凝胶,但在体外模拟消化实验中,由于胃肠道的生理环境以及交联壳聚糖水凝胶的微观结构随p H的改变,SHMP交联水凝胶的活性蛋白累积释放率(30.47%~50.27%之间)小于TPP交联水凝胶(59.90%~76.57%之间)。通过控制交联过程中壳聚糖与交联剂的质量比,可改变交联壳聚糖水凝胶分子结构,调控壳聚糖分子链段的溶解/溶胀行为,从而影响水凝胶的控释性能。该研究结果可为壳聚糖载体材料的选用、缓释及改善活性蛋白类功能因子的生物利用情况提供一定的参考。     

一种热敏胶膜的制备及其性质

通过三步法制备一种具有疏水内核、亲水外壳的聚合物微胶粒。首先,通过乳液聚合制备得到甲基丙烯酸丁酯与异丁烯酸甲酯共聚物（P（BMA—MMA））乳液。然后,在适当控制的条件下,利用一种氧化还原引发体系将P（BMA—MMA）微胶粒的表面引入一层聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（p-GMA）外壳。最后,将外壳层的部分环氧基团转化为季铵盐,从而形成一种亲水性的外壳。这种核一壳型固体粒子能在水中再分散并形成稳定的乳状液,无须借助分散剂、乳化剂或其他添加剂的帮助。利用这种核一壳乳液制备的乳液薄膜与水的接触角为16°（25℃）,而经150℃短时间处理后的接触角超过90°,表明完全由亲水性转变成疏水性。此外,乳液薄膜在加热处理前很容易被中性水从基板上冲洗掉,但在加热处理后不能被洗掉。当在乳液薄膜中加入一种在830nm有最大吸收的红外染料后,薄膜对830nm激光敏感,并经曝光、中性水显影后可形成阴图型图像。     

Fe3O4@COF磁性共价有机框架材料的制备及吸附多溴联苯醚性能研究

目的 在室温下合成了核壳结构磁性共价有机骨架,结合磁性固相萃取用于水样中多溴二苯醚的吸附。方法 通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计对制备的材料进行了表征。结果 表明Fe3O4@COF磁性纳米材料具有良好的结晶度,磁性纳米颗粒表面包裹22μm左右厚的COF材料,在吸附多溴二苯醚上具有良好的动力学性能,吸附量可达32.87mg/g。结论 Fe3O4@COF磁性纳米材料是一种优异的吸附剂,可用于多溴联苯醚的吸附。     

Production of endothelial cell-enclosing alginate-based hydrogel fibers with a cell adhesive surface through simultaneous cross-linking by horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reaction in a hydrodynamic spinning process

We developed an alginate-based hydrogel fiber enabling to enclose endothelial cells, degradable on-demand by alginate lyase, and having a cell adhesive surface. The hydrogel fiber was obtained by extruding an aqueous solution of 4% (w/v) alginate derivative possessing phenolic hydroxyl moieties (Alg-Ph) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into a flow of aqueous solution containing 0.3 mM H(2)O(2) and gelatin derivative possessing Ph moieties (Gelatin-Ph). In the process, cross-linking of Alg-Ph resulting in a hydrogel fiber and immobilization of Gelatin-Ph on the surface of the hydrogel fiber were simultaneously accomplished by an HRP-catalyzed cross-linking reaction between Ph moieties. The diameter of the hydrogel fiber and the quantity of immobilized Gelatin-Ph on the fiber were controllable by changing the flow rates of the solutions and the concentration of HRP in the Alg-Ph-containing solution, respectively. The viability of the human endothelial cells enclosed in the hydrogel fibers obtained by 10 s of flowing in the H(2)O(2)-containing solution was 87.1%. In addition, the cells harvested from the hydrogel fibers through degradation using alginate lyase grew on tissue culture dishes in the same fashion as the cells seeded by a conventional subculture protocol. Human smooth muscle cells adhered, grew and achieved confluence on the surface of the hydrogel fibers. By degrading the hydrogel fibers using alginate lyase, a tubular cell construct was successfully obtained.     

CO2 capture in different carbon materials

In this work, the CO(2) capture capacity of different types of carbon nanofibers (platelet, fishbone, and ribbon) and amorphous carbon have been measured at 26 °C as at different pressures. The results showed that the more graphitic carbon materials adsorbed less CO(2) than more amorphous materials. Then, the aim was to improve the CO(2) adsorption capacity of the carbon materials by increasing the porosity during the chemical activation process. After chemical activation process, the amorphous carbon and platelet CNFs increased the CO(2) adsorption capacity 1.6 times, whereas fishbone and ribbon CNFs increased their CO(2) adsorption capacity 1.1 and 8.2 times, respectively. This increase of CO(2) adsorption capacity after chemical activation was due to an increase of BET surface area and pore volume in all carbon materials. Finally, the CO(2) adsorption isotherms showed that activated amorphous carbon exhibited the best CO(2) capture capacity with 72.0 wt % of CO(2) at 26 °C and 8 bar.     

The influence of surface treatment on hydrophobicity, protein adsorption and microbial colonisation of silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of surface treatment of silicone-hydrogel CL on lens hydrophobicity, protein adsorption and microbial colonisation by studying several silicone hydrogel contact lenses (CL) with and without surface treatment. The lenses used in this study were Balafilcon A, Lotrafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B and Galyfilcon A. A conventional hydrogel CL (Etafilcon A) was also tested. METHODS: Hydrophobicity was determined through contact angle measurement using the advancing type technique on air. The type and quantity of proteins adsorbed were assessed through SDS-PAGE and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Microbial colonisation was studied by removing the microbes from the lenses through sonication, and counting the colony-forming units on agar plates. RESULTS: Regarding hydrophobicity, both surface and non-surface-treated silicone hydrogel CL were found to be hydrophobic, and the conventional hydrogel CL was found to be hydrophilic. Concerning protein adsorption, different protein profiles were observed on the several lenses tested. Nevertheless, the presence of proteins with the same molecular weight as lysozyme and lactoferrin was common to all lenses, which is probably related to their abundance in tears. In terms of total protein adsorption, silicone hydrogel CL did not exhibit any differences between themselves. However, the conventional hydrogel Etafilcon A adsorbed a larger amount of proteins. Regarding microbial colonisation, Balafilcon A exhibited the greatest amount of colonising microbes, which can be due to its superior hydrophobicity and higher electron acceptor capacity. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that silicone hydrogel lenses adsorb a lower amount of proteins than the conventional hydrogel lenses and that this phenomenon is independent of the presence of surface treatment. Concerning microbial colonisation, the surface treated Balafilcon A, exhibited a greater propensity, a fact that may compromise the lens wearer's ocular health.     

Preparation and Characteristics of a pH-sensitive Glucose-based Hydrogel

With glucose as the template compound,a p H-sensitive hydrogel was prepared by polymerization of the modified glucose,acrylamide,and acrylic acid.The porous hydrogel showed the highest swelling ratio of 42.7 g/g at p H=7.4 and the best adsorption of methylene blue at p H=7.The Langmuir isotherm fitted very well to the equilibrium adsorption data with the maximum adsorption capacity of 49.1 mg/g.The adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo 2~(nd) order model.Adsorption studies suggested that the p H-sensitive glucose-based hydrogel could be used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater.Other applications of the hydrogel are on the way,such as scaffolding in the biomedical field and soil conditioning in agriculture.