Numerical and experimental analysis of bow flare slamming on a Ro–Ro vessel in regular oblique waves

A method for the prediction of slamming loads on ship hulls is presented and validated for a 20-knot, 120-m car carrier. A nonlinear strip theory is used to calculate the relative motions of ship and wave. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event are given as input to the slamming calculation program, which is based on a generalized two-dimensional Wagner formulation and solved by the boundary element method. The method is fast and robust. Model tests of a car carrier have been carried out in regular head, bow, and bow quartering waves of various heights. Slamming on two panels in the upper part of the bow flare has been studied. It has been found that the water pile-up around the bow due to the forward speed of the vessel significantly increases the slamming pressures. A simplified way of including this effect is presented. When the calculated slamming pressures are corrected for 3D effects, they compare well with the measured data. Since the effect of the wave elevation due to the forward speed and the effect of three-dimensional flow act in opposite directions, excluding both of them produced results that also agreed quite well with the experiments, especially for the most severe slamming events.     

基于全船建模的航速对船首外飘砰击影响研究

建立二维楔形体入水模型,验证入水砰击仿真方法可靠性,对集装箱船体进行全船体建模,导入船体运动参数,增加船体的纵摇运动,采用一般耦合算法(General coupling),流体域用Euler单元模拟,船体设为刚体,划分为Lagrange有限元网格,对船体进行入水仿真.对比不同工况下的结果表明:全船模拟时船型纵向斜升角会发生变化,导致航速对船首入水砰击压力的影响较大,随着航速的增加,入水砰击压力变大,同时航速还会使砰击压力峰值位置发生变化.     

横浪作用下系泊船舶撞击能量的分析和研究

收集了国内5万~30万t系泊船舶在横浪作用下撞击能量物理模型试验的研究成果,采用理论结合模型试验的分析方法,研究码头系泊船舶在横浪作用下的撞击能量规律。通过分析系泊船舶横向撞击速度随波高、水深、装载度等要素的变化规律,并结合物理模型试验进行数据拟合,给出完整的系泊船舶撞击能量估算公式。     

大型舰船总振动固有频率近似计算研究

基于我国舰船的设计规律,提出了一种精确计算大型舰船总振动固有频率所需初始数据的虚拟设计方法。以某舰船为原型,设计出177～200 m船长范围内系列虚拟船型主尺度及船体等值梁数据。计算出系列舰船虚拟船型船体的总振动固有频率值,扩展了船体总振动固有频率近似公式中统计系数的统计样本范围,利用扩展的统计样本数据提出了适合估算大型舰船船体总振动固有频率的经验公式。     

Benchmark study on slamming response of flat-stiffened plates considering fluid-structure interaction

This paper presents a benchmark study on the slamming responses of offshore structures’ flat-stiffened plates. The objective was to compare the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation methodologies, modeling techniques, and established researchers' experiences in predicting slamming pressure. Three research groups employing the most common commercial software packages for numerical FSI simulations (i.e. LS-Dyna ALE, LS-Dyna ICFD, ANSYS CFX, and Star-CCM+/ABAQUS) participated in this study. Wet drop test data on flat-stiffened aluminum plates of light-ship-like bottom structures available in the open literature was utilized for validation of the FSI modeling. A summary of the experimental conditions including the geometry model and material properties, was distributed to the participants prior to their simulations. A parametric study on flat-stiffened steel plates having actual scantlings used in marine installations was performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and plate rigidity on slamming response. The FE simulation results for the total vertical forces acting on the stiffened plates and their structural responses to those forces, as obtained from the participants, were analyzed and compared. The reliable and accurate predictions of slamming loads using the aforementioned commercial FSI software packages were evaluated. Additionally, equivalent static slamming pressures resulting in the same permanent deflections, as observed from the FSI simulations, were reported and compared with analytical models proposed by the Classification Standards DNV and existing experimental data for calculation of the slamming pressure. The study results showed that the equivalent load model depends on the water impact velocity and plate rigidity; that is, the equivalent static pressure coefficient decreases with an increase in impact velocity, and increases when impacting structures become stiffer.     

Numerical study on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming

Dynamic response of ship-hull structure under slamming has tracked widespread attention in the marine structural design. However, our understanding on the dynamic characteristics largely relies on the symmetrical slamming cases. This paper presented a preliminary numerical investigation on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming based on the uncoupled CFD-FE method. Asymmetrical slamming loads were predicted through combining the seakeeping analysis and CFD method. In there, three kinds of motions (vertical, horizontal and roll motions) of 2D ship sections were obtained through the seakeeping analysis and then the slamming pressure was predicted through simulating the water entry with various motions based on CFD method. The dynamic response was analyzed through finite element method. Numerical predictions including ship motions, slamming loads and dynamic analysis were validated against published experimental data and numerical calculations. The characteristics of asymmetrical slamming loads were analyzed showing obvious asymmetry in space, and the dynamic characteristic of the ship bow structure was further clarified through discussing the deformation and stress distribution. These results are useful for readers for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of the bow structure under slamming.     

一种丰满船型的兴波阻力计算方法

提出一种部分计及自由面粘性效应及表面张力影响的完全非线性自由面边界条件,以该条件计算了方形系数Cb为0.8的Todd 60船型的非线性兴波问题,计算结果表明:非线性迭代的收敛性得到改善,兴波阻力被夸大的倾向有所改进。     

基于三种方法的螺旋桨敞水性能数值预报

  目的  船舶横摇的准确预报对于船舶耐波性、稳性以及操纵性的研究具有十分重要的意义,但船舶横摇运动受流场粘性效应的影响很大,计算中存在较多非线性因素,因而并不适于常用于研究船舶运动的传统势流理论。为解决这一问题,  方法  采用基于OpenFOAM软件开发的naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器,分别通过欧拉方法和RANS方法对S60船模典型二维横剖面的强迫横摇进行数值模拟,同时,模拟分析DTMB 5512不同三维船模的自由与强迫横摇运动。  结果  在成功将横摇阻尼力矩的不同成分分别计算出来后发现,其中漩涡阻尼所占的比例最大,摩擦阻尼所占的比例最小,而舭龙骨在一定的横摇角度范围内则减小了横摇阻尼力矩。  结论  该结果揭示了横摇参数对船舶横摇运动及横摇阻尼力矩的影响,对准确预报船舶的横摇运动具有重要意义。     

船舶表面点砰击压力的预报方法

本文基于线性切片理论,结合船舶在波浪中运动时历的数值模拟方法,考虑船舶表面点的运动与波浪的相位关系,给出了船舶表面点的入水速度的预报方法,再运用二维剖面入水砰击压力与入水速度之间的关系,对船舶表面入水点的砰击压力进行了预报.最后,给出了一条船的计算实例.     

Influence of the design constraints on the thickness optimization of glass panes to achieve lightweight insulating glass units in cruise ships

The increasing complexity and size in cruise ships demands for lightweight structures and practical but accurate design methods. Conventionally, the focus has been on the steel parts of the ship, as they make most of its weight. However, the proportions of other materials are increasing. Therefore, this study attempts to provide better understanding how one could reach the lightweight designs of insulating glass units (IGUs) in ships. These are windows where at least two glass panes are separated by a hermetically sealed cavity. They are thin-walled structures that benefit not only from the geometrically nonlinear behavior, but also from the load sharing. Considering these effects, their behavior is studied using the nonlinear Finite Element Method and Particle Swarm Optimization. Different design criteria are imposed on the thickness determination of the glass panes with different shapes. Rectangular, triangular, and circular shapes are considered. The results show that the triangular shapes have the least weight for a given area when the deflection criterion is the dominating one. When maximum principal stress is the thickness defining criterion, the shapes perform almost equally well. The ratio between the pane thicknesses had the most influence on the behavior of the IGU. As it increases, i.e., one pane is significantly thicker than the other, the load sharing percentage drops, but it provides the most lightweight solution. Closer it is to 1, more equally the structural stresses are divided between the panes, i.e., redundancy is achieved. Finally, it is possible to establish a simple but effective method for the thickness determination of these IGUs using the results of this study. However, more work is required, including numerical analysis and experimental testing.     

大型舰船物资转运瓶颈解析计算及分段优化方法

大型舰船物资转运属于复杂的物流过程,针对转运时间与路线、通道要素、转运设备参数互为优化约束条件的特点,建立一种基于运筹学的复杂转运路线瓶颈早期解析计算方法,在按一定原则将复杂转运路线分段后,计算分析转运路线中各分段的流量及转运时间,确定转运路线中的瓶颈环节,并对瓶颈所在分段的通道及设备进行调整,同时依据流量均衡原理对全路线各分段进行优化。该方法能够在大型舰船设计初期,针对同时在多条复杂路线进行的物资转运的情况,经过相对简单的计算和列表分析后,判断出转运瓶颈,同时还可对物资转运系统中的主要组成部分包括转运路线、通道要素、设备性能指标等的合理性进行有效分析和调整,形成较为优化的物资转运方案,减少以往进行仿真计算的时间和工作量,避免在设计后期因转运设计不合理带来总布置和设备的较大修改。     

船舶蒸汽管网水力热力耦合计算方法

船舶蒸汽系统水力热力耦合计算是系统设计、管路布置的理论基础。在城市供热管网计算模型的基础上,针对船舶蒸汽系统管网布置错综复杂、管路附件多的特点,考虑蒸汽的可压缩性、管路及附件的摩擦阻力以及散热等特性,建立适用于船舶蒸汽系统管网的水力热力耦合计算模型,并采用标准四阶龙格—库塔（Runge-Kutta）方法对其进行求解。对某型船舶蒸汽系统的3种工况进行水力热力耦合计算,发现计算结果与试验数据最大误差不超过4.1%,满足工程计算的精度要求,表明所提出的方法能很好地应用于船舶蒸汽系统管网的设计优化和计算分析。     

大型集装箱船舱口盖疲劳寿命研究

提出大型集装箱船舱口盖的疲劳问题,基于S-N曲线提出分析方法,对某8530TEU集装箱船上的典型舱口盖结构进行疲劳寿命分析,并将计算结果与船级社规范推荐方法计算的结果相比较,得到有益结论.     

宽幅平底船型砰击载荷研究

针对宽幅平底船型在风浪中航行,其船艏底部易遭受砰击从而引发船体高频振动的现象,对某型宽幅平底船型进行了研究.通过对目标船艇开展理论计算、船模试验、实船测量等多项工作.研究了非常规船型的砰击载荷.运用理论研究和试验相结合的方法,开展了复杂船型的砰击载荷研究,提出了理论预报的估算公式.通过大量计算和相关试验,得出了船型、航速和海况是影响宽幅平底船型砰击载荷的三大主要因素的结论.     

船舶在随机横浪中的奇异倾覆机理

本文应用非线性随机动力系统理论,从系统稳定性的角度来分析船舶在随机横浪上的运动稳定性,籍此来研究随机海浪中船舶奇异倾覆的机理.本文的研究发现随机动力系统的全局分岔是导致系统失稳并导致船舶倾覆的一种途径.基于这一思路借助随机Melnikov方法,通过求取相流函数零点得到了船舶运动全局稳定性丧失时海浪条件的阈值,从而可以对船舶的抗倾覆能力作出定量的考察.     

水面舰船总强度标准应用研究

由于现有国内水面舰船设计规范仅适用于船长160m以下的舰船,有必要提出适用于船长160m以上的水面舰船结构设计标准,本文着重讨论了水面舰船总强度标准,综合分析和比较了现行规范对总强度的相关规定,并在整船三维有限元强度分析的基础上提出了当船长超过160m并接近200m时船体的总强度标准的建议,最后给出了设计目标船的结构设计校核应用实例.     

海南秀英进出港航道客滚船双向通航研究

为了有效地解决秀英港区客滚船通航效率问题,提高航道通过能力和通航安全水平,根据《海港总平面设计规范》相关规定,提出基于客滚船船舶特点、操纵特性以及该水域航道的边界条件的数值计算模型,通过理论计算、航道通航模拟仿真和实船试验对海口港秀英港区航道双向通航能力进行论证研究,证明秀英港区航道能够满足现有客滚船的双向通航并给出相应通航安全保障措施。     

舰船配电网络结构研究

系统阐述了国内外舰船电力系统的配电网络结构,对不同类型的配电网络结构进行了对比分析,为我国进一步开展舰船电力系统配电网络结构研究提供了参考.     

基于快速性和耐波性的倒V型船首改型设计

利用CFD数值模拟仿真计算,以减摇减阻为目的,在倒V形船艏的基础上进行船艏改型设计。利用商业软件FineMarine对原型和改型的静水阻力、波浪增阻、纵摇幅值、升沉幅值、波浪中的运动响应等进行数值计算,并对比计算结果,评价改型效果。计算结果表明,改型后静水阻力、规则波中的升沉和纵摇均有不同幅度的减小。     

智能航保体系构建初探

在梳理近年来国内外智能船舶靠泊技术研究现状的基础上,首先从靠泊方式、数学模型和控制算法3个方面分别归纳靠泊技术的研究热点与应用情况,分析智能船舶靠泊技术在自主性、建模精度、路径规划、控制算法、节能效果和系统测试等方面尚待解决的问题。然后,从航海实际需求出发,提出下一步需要突破的有关信息融合、在线建模、智能决策、算法优化、绿色节能和测试技术等方面的核心理论和关键技术问题,努力提升靠泊技术的自主性、鲁棒性、快速性和“韧性”,助力实现安全、绿色、高效的智能航运目标。