酰基硫脲化合物的合成及其生理活性

通过酰基异硫氰酸酯与胺类化合物的加成反应，合成了１５种酰基硫脉类化合物，化合物的结构经元素分析、ＩＲ、￣１ＨＮＭＲ等确证，初步生理活性实验表明，化合物２＿ｊ，２＿１对玉米种子的萌发和幼苗叶中的呼吸速率、叶绿素含量有显著促进效应。     

具有光引发活性RAFT链转移剂的合成与应用

以4-溴甲基二苯甲酮,3-巯基丙酸和二硫化碳为原料合成了RAFT链转移剂——3-(4-苯甲酰基苯基甲硫基硫代羰基硫基)丙酸(2),产率91.5%,其结构经NMR,IR和元素分析表征。以2为RAFT链转移剂和光引发剂,通过甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯的乳液聚合制得反应性聚甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯。     

Exhaustive Conformational Search for Sialyl Cation Reveals Possibility of Remote Participation of Acyl Groups

Finding convenient ways for the stereoselective α-sialylation is important due to the high practical significance of α-sialic acid-containing glycans and neoglycoconjugates. It was proposed that sialylation stereoselectivity is determined by the structure of the sialyl cation (also known in biochemistry as “sialosyl cation”), a supposed intermediate in this reaction. Here we design a new approach for studying the conformational space of highly flexible sialyl cation and find 1625 unique conformers including those stabilized by covalent remote participation (also known as long-range participation) of 4-O-acetyl (4-OAc), 5-N-trifluoroacetyl (5-NTFA), as well as 7,8,9-OAc from both α and β sides. The most energetically stable sialyl cation conformers are featured by 4-OAc participation, closely followed by 5-NTFA- and 7-OAc-stabilized conformers; unstabilized sialyl cation conformers are ∼10 kcal mol⁻¹ less stable than the 4-OAc-stabilized ones. Analysis of all the obtained conformers by means of substituents positions, side chain conformations and ring puckering led us to a new “eight-conformer hypothesis” which describes interconversions among the most important sialyl cation conformers and predicts that stronger remote participation of acyl groups favors β-anomers. Thus, selective synthesis of the desired α-sialosides requires minimization of acyl groups participation.     

Search for Compounds with Antiviral Activity Among Maleopimaric Acid Derivatives

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - Three new maleopimaric acid derivatives were synthesized. The antiviral activity of 14 synthesized maleopimaric acid derivatives was tested against influenza virus...     

具有酰基或氨基甲酰基结构的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)首先由 Duschinsky 和Pleven 合成。作为一种广谱性的抗肿瘤临床药物,其主要缺点是脂溶性小,口服吸收困     

Combinatorial models and algorithms in chemistry. Search for isomorphisms and automorphisms of molecular graphs

An algorithm for the recognition of all isomorphisms for any pair of labeled graphs as well as for generation of the graph group is described. Some results obtained with computer realization of the suggested algorithm are briefly discussed.     

Acyl Iodides in Organic Synthesis: III. Quantum-Chemical Study of the Reaction of Acyl Iodides and Acyl Chlorides with Methanol

The potential energy surface for reactions of acyl iodides and acyl chlorides with methanol was studied by quantum-chemical methods. Stereoelectronic parameters of the prereaction bimolecular complexes and possible reaction products were examined. Transition states were localized for the transformation of prereaction complexes into final products. Dual reactivity of acyl iodides toward methanol was explained in terms of similar activation parameters found for the four-center and S_N2 reaction mechanisms.     

A Switchable Catalyst Duo for Acyl Transfer Proximity Catalysis and Regulation of Substrate Selectivity

Enzymes are encoded with a gamut of information to catalyze a highly selective transformation by selecting the proper reactants from an intricate mixture of constituents. Mimicking biological machinery, two switchable catalysts with differently sized cavities and allosteric control are conceived that allow complementary size-selective acyl transfer in an on/off manner by modulating the effective local concentration of the substrates. Selective activation of one of two catalysts in a mixture of reactants of similar reactivity enabled upregulation of the desired product.     

Peptide‐Templated Acyl Transfer: A Chemical Method for the Labeling of Membrane Proteins on Live Cells

The development of a method is described for the chemical labeling of proteins which occurs with high target specificity, proceeds within seconds to minutes, and offers a free choice of the reporter group. The method relies upon the use of peptide templates, which align a thioester and an N‐terminal cysteinyl residue such that an acyl transfer reaction is facilitated at nanomolar concentrations. The protein of interest is N‐terminally tagged with a 22 aa long Cys‐E3 peptide (acceptor), which is capable of forming a coiled‐coil with a reporter‐armed K3 peptide (donor). This triggers the transfer of the reporter to the acceptor on the target protein. Because ligation of the two interacting peptides is avoided, the mass increase at the protein of interest is minimal. The method is exemplified by the rapid fluorescent labeling and fluorescence microscopic imaging of the human Y₂ receptor on living cells.     

Combinatorial Mapping of Substrate Step Edge Effects on Diblock Copolymer Thin Film Morphology and Orientation

We have used a combinatorial gradient technique to map precisely how the terrace structure and microdomain lattice alignment in a thin film of a sphere‐forming diblock copolymer are affected by both the thickness of the copolymer film and the height of a series of parallel step edges fabricated on the substrate. We find that for film thicknesses slightly incommensurate with integer numbers of sphere layers, the step edges act as nucleation sites for regions with one more or one fewer layers of spheres. We also find that for our system, the hexagonal lattice formed by a single layer of spheres on the low side of a step edge is aligned along the direction of the step edge only where the film on the high side is sufficiently thin to support only a wetting layer of copolymer material. This work will guide the tuning of film thickness and step height in future studies and applications of graphoepitaxy in block copolymer films.

     

New Efficient Multicomponent Reactions with C-C Coupling for Combinatorial Application in Liquid and on Solid Phase

Up to nine C-C bonds are formed selectively from up to seven components starting from an alkene, a haloarene, and a dienophile [Eq. (1)]. A comparison of liquid- and solid-phase reactions reveals a surprising superiority of the solid-phase reaction.     

阶跃升温分解法对非负载型镍催化甲烷分解活性的影响

 以乙醇为洗涤溶剂采用沉淀法制备了非负载型 Ni 催化剂, 考察了预处理过程对催化剂上 CH4 分解活性的影响. X 射线衍射及 CH4 程序升温表面反应结果表明, 降低还原温度可减小 Ni 粒子尺寸, 从而提高催化剂活性. 同时, 采用 CH4 多温度逐步分解 (多点阶跃升温分解) 法可形成较稳定的 Ni 粒子, 有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性, 500 oC 下 CH4 初始转化率可达 8.40%, 反应 120 min 时升至 11.20%; 而在 350 和 500 oC 两点阶跃升温分解的 CH4 最高转化率只有 1.61%.     

The Application of Combinatorial Chemistry in Catalysis

In recent few years combinatorial methodology has been extensively used in material science research. Based on the desired properties of materials, various high throughput synthesizing and screening technologies were developed. These high throughput technologies can increase our speed to more than hundred folds for finding and optimizing materials. One of the most active areas is catalysis. Scientists are developing novel high throughput technologies to screen catalyst libraries to find and optimize new catalysts for chemical industry. In this area die key is combinatorial catalytic reactor design, catalyst library synthesis, and product detection. Systematic technologies for catalyst library synthesis and characterization were developed in our laboratory. In this work, catalyst in situ synthesis, parallel reactor design, and detection methods will be introduced. Combining with the powerful combinatorial methodology, good chemistry design will make our work even more efficient. Hence, as an example of combining combinatorial technologies with chemistry design, a successful catalyst design is also introduced.     

壳聚糖作用下一步法合成具有高电活性的AgCl@聚苯胺核壳结构

在壳聚糖的作用下，采用简单的一步法合成了具有星状结构的氯化银/聚苯胺核壳型复合材料。当壳聚糖的浓度为1%时，所制备的氯化银/聚苯胺复合材料具有高度的分散性，壳层厚度为30～80 nm、核的直径在25～60 nm范围内。通过透射电镜、红外光谱和X-射线衍射对样品的形态和组成进行了表征。循环伏安实验结果表明这种复合材料在中性条件下具有很好的电化学活性。     

Application of FTIR Microscopy in Combinatorial Experimentation on Polymer Blends

Summary: A novel combinatorial, high-throughput experimentation (HTE) setup has been developed, which allows for rapid mapping of the phase behavior of blends of homopolymers and block copolymers. The principle is based on the preparation of composition (ϕ)-temperature (T) gradient films. Linear ϕ gradients were obtained over a large composition range, as shown by FTIR microscopy. The applicability of this combinatorial approach was demonstrated by studying the phase behavior of a poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) (PMMA-EA) blend with varying EA content and a poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-methyl methacrylate) (SBM) triblock copolymer.     

有机锌试剂的制备及其在酰基化合物合成中的应用

采用“一锅煮”法,经无机酸活化的锌粉与卤代烃反应制备有机锌化合物,并直接与酰基化试剂（酰卤或酸酐）反应合成了到酰基类化合物（a~g）。所有化合物的结构由¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、IR和HR-MS（ESI）确证。     

聚苯基（聚苄基）甲基硅氧烷的氟烷基化反应研究

通过苯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷和苄基甲基二乙氧基硅烷的缩合反应制备了聚苯基甲基和聚苄基甲基硅氧烷。研究了它们与含氟酰基过氧化物间的反应。经酸碱滴定及ＩＲ、＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ和＾１９Ｆ ＮＭＲ光谱分析确证反应主要生成苯环上氟烷基取代产物。通过测定经氟烷基化后聚硅氧烷处理的玻璃表面的接触角，初步评价了氟烷基化率对其表现性能变化的影响。     

清除树脂在组合化学中的应用

清除树脂是一种特殊的固相试剂。近五年，它们被广泛的用于平行液相法合成组合化学库，简化液相组合化学库的纯化操作。本文综述了清除树脂在纯化操作中的使用策略。根据清除纯化原理，介绍了共价键型和离子键型两类清除树脂。给出了清除树脂在组合化学中的具体应用实例。最后对清除树脂的发展作了展望。     

Flavin- and Deazaflavin-Containing Model Compounds Mimic the Energy Transfer Step in Type-II DNA-Photolyases

A distinct energy transfer between the deazaflavin and the flavin is observed in compounds that mimic the DNA repair function of DNA-photolase enzymes (see sketch). Studies on these models prove that the deazaflavin acts solely as photoantenna and suggest that the two cofactors have to be separated within the enzyme to suppress a competitive intercofactor electron transfer reaction.