Ti-Zr-Be-Cu块体非晶合金添加不同含量Co后在HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

添加合金元素可提高非晶合金的耐蚀性.对Ti-Zr-Be-Cu块体非晶合金添加Co,采用电化学极化曲线和浸泡腐蚀法研究所制备的Ti35Zr30Be27.5-xCu7.5Cox(x=3.5,7.5,11.5)块体非晶合金在不同温度1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,探讨添加Co元素提高Ti-Zr-Be-Cu块体非晶合金耐蚀性的机理.结果表明:Ti35Zr30Be27.5-xCu7.5Cox块体非晶合金在298 K的1 mol/L HCl溶液中都具有很好的耐蚀性,阳极极化曲线表现出明显的钝化特征,随着Co元素含量的增大其耐蚀性能逐渐增强,非晶合金的自腐蚀电位高于不锈钢,自腐蚀电流密度比不锈钢小1个数量级;在313,333 K的1 mol/L HCl中浸泡腐蚀失重,随Co含量增大,非晶合金耐蚀性增强.     

Nb添加对Ti基非晶合金腐蚀及力学性能的影响

为研究微量添加Nb元素对Ti_(40)Zr_(10)Cu_(34-x)Pd_(14)Sn_2Nb_x(x为原子数分数,x=0、1%、3%、5%)非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能及力学性能的影响,本文利用动态极化曲线,分析了在0.144 mol/L的NaCl溶液及0.2 mol/L的PBS溶液中非晶合金Ti_(40)Zr_(10)Cu_(34-x)Pd_(14)Sn_2Nb_x(x=0、1%、3%、5%)的电化学性能,并通过材料拉伸试验研究了非晶合金块状样品的室温压缩性能.结果表明:在0.144 mol/L的NaCl溶液中,非晶合金样品在阳极区出现了自发钝化的特征,钝化电流密度在10~(-7)～10~(-8) A/cm~2,钝化电流密度随着Nb的添加略有降低,且点蚀电位随Nb原子数分数的增加分别为200、340、400和490 mV,说明微量添加Nb元素能有效提高Ti基非晶合金的耐点蚀能力,即在0.144 mol/L的NaCl溶液中Ti基非晶合金的耐腐蚀性随着Nb含量的增加而增强;在0.2 mol/L的PBS溶液中,因磷酸根离子的缓蚀作用,Nb添加导致的成分变化对非晶合金的腐蚀行为影响不大;此外,添加了原子数分数为1%及3%Nb的非晶合金,其压缩强度及塑性变形能力变化不大,但添加5%Nb的非晶合金因较大体积分数纳米晶的存在导致其室温断裂强度及塑性变形能力有明显下降.     

化学镀Ni-Fe-P合金的组成、结构和耐蚀性

在铝合金基体上化学镀Ni-Fe-P合金，研究了合金的成分、结构及其耐腐蚀性，并研究了NaH2PO2浓度、金属盐的比例及pH值对镀速和镀层组成的影响。在NaH2PO2浓度为35g/L，金属盐的比例为0．4，pH=9.0-10.0时，合金中铁和磷含量均达到最大值（分别为37．42％和3．34％）。镀层主要为非晶态结构。其耐腐蚀性随铁含量的增大而增强，且在10％NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能优于在1mol/L HCl和3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。     

铁基块体非晶合金在NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗(EIS)测试方法研究了Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2块体非晶合金在0.5,1,2以及4mol/LNaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为。极化曲线测试结果表明,Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2块体非晶合金在各种浓度的NaOH溶液中都具有很好的耐蚀性,阳极极化曲线表现出明显的钝化特征。随着NaOH溶液浓度的增大,其耐蚀性能逐渐下降。EIS结果显示,在开路电位下,Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2非晶合金在不同浓度下的NaOH溶液中的Nyquist图均由单一的容抗弧构成。随着NaOH溶液浓度的增大,容抗弧的幅值越来越小,说明非晶合金的耐蚀性能逐渐减弱。这一结果与极化曲线结果一致。     

低成本富镧贮氢合金的相结构及其电化学性能

采用感应熔炼法制备低成本富镧贮氢合金MLNi4.0-xCo0.4Mn0.3Al0.3Cux.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、交流阻抗和恒电流充放电法等手段对合金性能进行表征。结果表明：Cu部分取代Ni后，合金仍保持单相CaCu5结构，随着X的增加，合金晶格参数a值和晶胞体积减小，c值和c／a值增大：当x=0．2时，合金电极最高放电容量为327．1mAh/g铜的添加能降低舍金的显微组织硬度，提高合金电极的循环稳定性，经200次循环后的电极容量保持率（C200／Cmax）均在83％以上（X=0．2）；高倍率放电性能（HRD）有所下降，但x=0．4时，HRD300仍达到89．6％。     

Ti-Zr-Cu-Co-Sn-Si块体非晶合金的形成及生物腐蚀行为和力学性能

采用铜模铸造法制备了不含高生物毒性元素Ni和Be及贵金属元素的生物医用型Ti87-xZr7.5CuxCo2.5Sn2Si1(x=39,40,42,原子分数/%)块体非晶合金,并对其非晶形成能力、热稳定性、生物腐蚀行为及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:该系非晶合金临界直径为2~3mm,并具有较高的热稳定性,其过冷液体温度区间为44~51K。Ti-Zr-Cu-Co-Sn-Si非晶合金在模拟人体体液环境中表现出高耐腐蚀性能,在37℃的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中发生自钝化,钝化电流密度低,且其开路电位和孔蚀电位随着Ti含量的增加而提高。该系非晶合金具有良好的力学性能,压缩断裂强度达2309MPa,弹性模量为92~100GPa。     

La1.5Mg0.5Ni7-xCux(x=0.1～1.2)贮氢合金电化学性能的研究

研究了Ce2Ni7型贮氢合金La1.5Mg0.5Ni7-xCux（x=0.1-1.2）的组织结构和电化学性能。当X=0．1—0．6时Cu元素部分替代Ni后可形成La2Ni7型相，x≥0．9时，合金中则有少量的未知相析出。合金MH电极电化学研究表明，随Cu元素量的增加，合金电极的最大放电容量从380mAh／g（x=0．1）下降至340mAh／g（x=1．2）；当x=0．3～0．9时合金电极的循环寿命较x=0．1时有一定的改善，合金电极交换电流密度（I0）和极限电流密度（I1）均以x=0．6为转折点先减小后增大。电极反应的动力学性能依Cu0．1〉Cu0．3〉Cu1．2〉Cu0．9〉Cu0．6的次序递减。     

锆基大块非晶在HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性研究

利用CHI660B型电化学工作站研究了4种不同成分（Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30，Zr60Al15Ni25，Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Xr52．5Al0Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的锆基非晶态合金以及其中两种成分（Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的晶态合金在2．5mol／L的HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。通过Tafel曲线的测试结果表明，非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能与其成分有很大的关系，这4种非晶合金试样的耐腐蚀性由强到弱的顺序依次为Zr60Al15Ni25〉Zr65Al10Ni10CU15〉Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5〉Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30。两种成分的非晶态合金与其对应成分的晶态试样相比，非晶态合金具有较低的腐蚀电流，显示出较好的耐腐蚀性。最后，根据电化学腐蚀原理，从合金的微观结构、化学成分以及腐蚀介质的性质3个方面探讨了影响合金耐腐蚀性的因素。     

C元素对Ni_(68.6)Cr_(8.7)Nb_3P_((16.5-x))B_(3.2)C_x非晶合金性能的影响

研究了C的添加对Ni_(68.6)Cr_(8.7)Nb_3P_((16.5-x))B_(3.2)C_x(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1,%,原子分数)合金的非晶形成能力、热稳定性和腐蚀性能的影响。研究表明,x=0.5时,合金棒为非晶结构,直径达2 mm;适量C的添加提高了Ni基非晶合金的热稳定性能;在1 mol/L H_2SO_4溶液环境下,随C含量的增加,Ni基非晶合金薄带的耐腐蚀性能逐渐增强。     

Fe100-x（Ga0.75Al0.25x（21．2≤x≤26．8）合金的结构与磁性

采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对Fe100-x（Ga0.75Al0.25x（21．2≤x≤26．8）合金的相组成和晶格常数进行分析，表明晶格常数随Ga、Al替代量的增加而变化，反映了合金中A2相的减少和B2、D03有序相的增加。在差热分析仪（DTA）上测得Fe100-x（Ga0.75Al0.25x（x=25．2）合金样品的DTA曲线。研究发现Fe100-x（Ga0.75Al0.25x（21．2≤X≤26．8）合金经650℃均匀化退火处理后，当X≤22．8时为无序的体心立方结构A2相。当x=25．2时，合金为B2单相结构。当x=26．8时，合金的组织基本为DO3单相。采用振动样品磁强计（VSM）对此系列合金的磁性进行研究。研究发现其饱和磁化强度表现出先减小后增大的变化规律，这是该系列合金中有序相的存在引起的。分析认为晶格常数与饱和磁化强度的变化与合金磁致伸缩改变存在必然联系。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.