改性粉煤灰吸附水中诺氟沙星的热力学研究

利用碱改性粉煤灰吸附脱除水中诺氟沙星,采用平衡法测定了改性粉煤灰的平衡吸附量并用Freundlich模型进行了关联,计算了模型参数以及ΔG、ΔH和ΔS等热力学参数.结果表明,改性粉煤灰的比表面积为改性前的3.24倍;实验数据能较好地服从Freundlich模型;改性粉煤灰对水中诺氟沙星的吸附为自发、放热的熵减过程.     

Effect of chemical admixtures on properties of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer

Owing to the high viscosity of sodium silicate solution, fly ash geopolymer has the problems of low workability and rapid setting time. Therefore, the effect of chemical admixtures on the properties of fly ash geopolymer was studied to overcome the rapid set of the geo-polymer in this paper. High-calcium fly ash and alkaline solution were used as starting materials to synthesize the geopolymer. Calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and sucrose at dosages of 1wt% and 2wt% of fly ash were selecte...     

粉煤灰对酸性染料的脱色研究

以燃煤废弃物粉煤灰作为吸附剂,对酸性蓝197与酸性黑1进行吸附脱色,研究影响脱色的因素。实验结果表明：粉煤灰浓度为10 g/L时,对两支酸性染料的吸附在初始30 min内基本达到平衡,高温改性粉煤灰的吸附脱色性能明显提高;两支染料溶液初始pH值小于5.5时,脱色效率最佳;随染液初始浓度增大,染液的脱色率不断降低,但粉煤灰吸附量却不断增大;粉煤灰及改性粉煤灰对两支染料的恒温吸附脱色数据符合Lang-muir和Freundlich两种恒温吸附方程;吸附参数表明粉煤灰对水溶性酸性染料的吸附过程容易进行;粉煤灰及改性粉煤灰对两支染料的吸附动力学过程为准二级吸附。     

Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO₃) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.     

炉排垃圾焚烧飞灰二级逆流水洗特性

以炉排垃圾焚烧炉飞灰为研究对象，分析水洗液固比和时间对飞灰中氯盐溶出的影响，对二级逆流水洗工艺展开研究. 通过模拟飞灰的二级逆流水洗工艺，建立水洗所产生废液中的氯质量浓度、残渣中氯质量分数的理论计算模型. 结果表明，当水洗液固比为6 mL/g、水洗时间约为20 min时，氯盐溶出质量达到稳定；飞灰经一级、二级水洗后的质量损失分别约为32%、37%；在相同液固比下,与一级水洗相比，二级逆流水洗可以提升飞灰的脱氯效果，当水洗液固比为2~6 mL/g时，提升率可达15.40%~61.15%；模型所得的理论计算值与实验实测值相关性好、均方根误差小. 2种水洗工艺产生的水洗废液中COD、氨氮质量浓度和pH值均高于《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》的规定，在被排入城市污水系统之前须经过进一步处理.     

粉煤灰分子筛的制备与性能研究

本实验采用碱熔融水热法,以预处理过的粉煤灰为主要原料,以固体NaOH为助溶剂制备性能稳定的沸石分子筛．研究了NaOH与粉煤灰比、煅烧温度、晶化时间、晶化温度等实验因素对合成沸石结构和性能的影响,利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积（BET）、分光光度计,分别对晶型、表面形貌和吸光度进行了表征．实验结果表明：当NaOH与粉煤灰比为1．3、煅烧温度为600℃、晶化时间为10h、晶化温度为100℃条件下合成的沸石分子筛是Na—A型,BET测定其比表面积是97．053m2,g,2h内亚甲基蓝的去除率可达97％,具有良好的吸附性能．     

用粉煤灰在不同条件下合成A型分子筛

研究了在不同条件下高温碱熔融处理粉煤灰合成A型沸石分子筛,考察了不同碱熔融温度、不同灰碱质量比、不同水热晶化温度、不同水热晶化时间对产物的影响,用XRD、SEM和FT-IR等手段对产品进行了表征.研究结果表明,以粉煤灰为原料用水热合成法合成微孔分子筛时,在碱熔融温度为600℃,灰碱比为1∶2,晶化温度为90℃,晶化时间为24 h时能得到晶形较好、比表面积大的A型分子筛.     

利用粉煤灰滤渣制备NaP1型沸石及其吸附Cu~(2+)的研究

以固体废弃物粉煤灰为原料,经过煅烧和水热反应生成粉煤灰滤渣前驱体,通过添加工业硅粉来调整反应物的Si/Al摩尔比,采用水热法合成了NaP1型沸石。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶转换红外光谱仪对所合成沸石的物相、显微结构和化学基团进行了观察与分析,并对其吸附铜离子的性能进行了研究。结果表明,Si/Al摩尔比为3∶1的粉煤灰滤渣和氢氧化钠溶液在90℃下可以水热合成得到结晶度较高的NaP1型沸石;NaP1型沸石对于铜离子具有较高的吸附量,初期其吸附速度较快,30min时吸附量为52.8mg/g,之后吸附速度稍有减缓,吸附时间为60min时接近吸附饱和,饱和吸附量可达到82.7mg/g。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites-calcium silicate hydrate composite from coal fly ash with co-activation of Ca(OH)2-NaOH for aqueous heavy metals removal

Coal fly ash is a typical secondary aluminum/silicon resource. The preparation of zeolite-type absorbent is a potential way for its value-added utilization, while the purity and adsorption property of zeolite are limited due to the occurrence of side reactions in the synthesis process. In this study, a designated composite consisted of crystalline zeolites and amorphous calcium silicate hydrate was selected, which was direct synthesized from fly ash under conditions of a Ca/Si molar ratio of 0.8, an initial NaOH concentration of 0.5 mol/L, a hydrothermal temperature of 170 ℃ and a liquid–solid ratio of 15 mL/g. The results indicated that this composite had superior adsorption property for a variety of heavy metals, which was based on the exchange of calcium and sodium ions in zeolites and calcium silicate hydrate. Its adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ attained 409.4, 222.4, 147.5, 93.2, 101.1 and 157.0 mg/g, respectively, in single solution with a pH of 4.5. After regulating the synthesis conditions, the transformation of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate into crystallized tobermorite weakened the adsorption capacity of the composite. Besides, due to the competitive adsorption in a multiple ions solution, the adsorption capacities for these heavy metals had a reduction.     

粉煤灰合成NaA型沸石及其对Pb2+离子的吸附作用

以粉煤灰为基本原料,成功合成了NaA型沸石,将合成的NaA型沸石应用于含铅废水的吸附处理中.结果表明:用1.67 mol/L NaOH溶液溶滤粉煤灰后添加2.4 g NaAlO2制备溶胶,在100℃条件下,晶化350min后可以制备出单相的NaA型沸石,NaA沸石对Pb2+离子有快速吸附作用,吸附过程中,溶液的初始pH值、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对去除率有较大影响.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣微晶玻璃的晶化行为

将垃圾焚烧飞灰与适量废玻璃粉混合后用电弧炉熔融处理,产生的水冷熔渣进一步粉碎、压型并在750～1 050℃间热处理制取微晶玻璃,运用同步热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等测试设备对微晶玻璃的晶化行为及性能进行分析测试.研究表明:微晶玻璃主晶相为硅灰石CaSiO3和少量透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6,其衍射峰随处理温度升高呈增加趋势,850℃热处理时所得微晶玻璃具有较佳的微观结构和物理、机械及化学性能,其密度为2.62 g/cm3、抗弯强度达90.44 MPa,耐酸碱性分别为2.7％、0.9％,重金属浸出浓度非常低.     

粉煤灰合成沸石与表征及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱煅烧—水热合成法制备了沸石,同时将其用于吸附含pb2+的模拟废水,实验数据采用数学方法拟合了其对pb2+的吸附等温线.结果表明:用3.0 mol/LNaOH,液固比为5.0 mL/g,在550℃条件下煅烧,80℃的温度下晶化2.0h,合成沸石的CEC可达211 mmol/100g.NaOH的浓度对产品的CEC值影响最大,500～700℃是较佳的煅烧温度,晶化时间由2h延至6h,合成沸石的CEC值由78 mmol/100g提高到198 mmol/100 g,6h后CEC值趋于平稳.Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述其对Pb2+的吸附行为.     

矿渣-粉煤灰-氟石膏胶结材激发及毒性

研究了激发剂对氟石膏的激发效果和机理,复合氟石膏胶结材的强度、软化系数和浸出毒性。通过NaOH、Na2SO4和NaF对氟石膏激发试验,确定最优掺量均为1％。在此基础上,采用矿渣、粉煤灰、熟料对用量80％以上氟石膏进一步改性,发现Na2SO41％、矿渣2．5％、粉煤灰5％和氟石膏89％复合胶结材性能最好,28d抗压强度可达12．25MPa,软化系数可达0．70,浸出氟离子浓度降低到0．7485mg／L。SEM和XRD分析发现水化形成的二水石膏晶体与少量水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及氟化钙互相填充包裹,阻碍了水分进入,改善了复合胶结材耐水性能和降低了浸出毒性。     

混凝土表面氯离子浓度时变规律试验研究

采用氯盐浸泡试验,定期检测了混凝土表面处的氯离子浓度,并对数据进行了拟合分析,研究了混凝土表面氯离子浓度随时间的变化规律,分析了氯盐溶液浓度、水灰比和粉煤灰掺量对表面氯离子浓度大小及其累积速率的影响。结果表明,表面氯离子浓度随时间的增加逐渐增长并最终达到稳定状态。随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加,表面氯离子浓度将更快地达到稳定状态,表面氯离子浓度也相应增大;水灰比越大,表面氯离子浓度累积速率越快,表面氯离子浓度越大;掺入粉煤灰可加快表面氯离子浓度的累积速率,表面氯离子浓度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大。通过对现有模型的比较与修正,提出了一个更为完善的模型。     

粉煤灰改性及对污水中磷的去除研究

采用浓硫酸对粉煤灰进行了改性处理,提高了粉煤灰的表面积和吸附特性,研究了改性后的粉煤灰对含磷废水处理时磷的去除效果.结果表明:粉煤灰改性制备的最佳方法是先在5g原始粉煤灰中加3mL水进行混合搅拌,然后加18.4mol·L-1浓硫酸0.4mL,搅拌混匀后在100℃下保温1.5h.利用改性后粉煤灰对含磷60mg·L-1的废水进行处理,当改性粉煤灰投加量为2%,反应pH值为7.0,反应时间5分钟后,磷的去除效率达到98.82%,出水中含磷量为0.70mg·L-1,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 9878-1996)中二级排放标准.     

黄粉虫中甲壳素和壳聚糖的提取工艺研究

以微波干燥的黄粉虫为原料, 研究了索氏抽提法提取油脂、碱法脱除蛋白质、酸浸法去除灰分、次氯酸钠脱色和浓碱法脱乙酰基制备甲壳素和壳聚糖的工艺. 系统分析了不同工艺条件对甲壳素的残留蛋白质含量、灰分含量,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度、粘度的影响,得出制备甲壳素和壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件,以期为工业生产提供依据.     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical property of Fly Ash/Al-25Mg composites

Fly ash/Al-Mg composites are fabricated by powder metallurgical method. The morphology and structure of fly ash/A l-Mg composites are characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The influences of different fly ash content on the friction and wear behavior of the composites are investigated at a constant sliding velocity of 400 r/min and the worn mechanism of composites is discussed. The results indicate that the friction coefficient is steadily lower than that of Al alloy matrix at the lower fly ash content and loads. For the fly ash/Al-Mg composites, the wear mechanism is characterized as abrasive wear and adhesive wear under small normal load and at low fly ash content, and it is characterized as delamination wear and abrasive wear transferred onto the counterpart under high normal load and at high fly ash content.     

湿法加碱-煅烧粉煤灰合成P沸石的研究

粉煤灰中含有一些活性较差的莫来石(M)和石英(Q)结晶体,在直接水热条件下,它们很难参与沸石晶体的合成反应,应对粉煤灰进行活化处理。通过调整粉煤灰原料的碱料比、Si/Al等参数,进行了湿法加碱-煅烧活化粉煤灰水热合成沸石的实验,实验结果证明湿法加碱-煅烧活化的效果最好,尤其是当碱料比为0.6∶1时,在实验条件下合成了结晶度和白度均在80%左右的P型沸石晶体样品。     

Effect of pozzolanic reaction products on alkali-silica reaction

1 IntroductionThe use of fly ashto control the expansion dueto al-kali-silica reaction (ASR) is well established and a num-ber of reviews have been published recently[1-4]. Howflyash brings about this reductionin expansionis not yet un-derstood although a number of theories have been put for-ward to explain its action. For controlling mechanism,they put more emphasis onthe adsorption andresort of al-kali by supplementary cementing material (SCM) , formore acidity oxide in SCM,and the secon…     

碱激发复合渣体混凝土的试验研究

为利用碱(水玻璃、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠)激发粉煤灰和其他工业废渣(矿渣、锂渣及硅灰),改变这些渣体在混凝土中传统利用方式,以便更充分发挥这些工业渣体的活性,研究激发剂的种类、矿渣和粉煤灰的比例及粉煤灰和其他工业废渣复合时对混凝土强度的影响.结果表明,利用水玻璃和氢氧化钠复合激发可配制出强度更高的混凝土,当粉煤灰和矿渣的比例为80∶20时,混凝土28 d抗压强度仍可达66 MPa,粉煤灰∶矿渣∶锂渣∶硅灰=50∶30∶15∶5时,在不采用任何特殊措施的条件下,可配制出28 d抗压强度达85 MPa的环境降负性高强混凝土.同时,对这种混凝土的抗碳化性能进行研究,碳化试验表明,强度等级在C60~C80之间的混凝土,无论从保护钢筋的角度还是碳化后强度的变化情况考虑,其抗碳化性完全可以满足一般建筑的要求.