新型水处理用短管填料性能特性研究

试验研究了一种新型的水处理用短管填料的性能特性。研究表明 :在模拟的竖流式沉淀池及SBR反应器中 ,投加该填料可以使出水浊度去除率提高 ,提高泥水分离的效果 ,减少泥水分离的时间 ;该短管填料同时能提高反应器曝气充氧效果 ,改善反应器的布水性能和沉淀池内部的水流条件     

AAO工艺活性污泥-生物膜复合系统脱氮增效机制研究

采用AAO中试反应器处理低C/N(5)城市污水,在已成功启动短程硝化反硝化(PND)的工况下,向好氧区投加鲍尔环改性生物填料,以研究活性污泥-生物膜复合系统在AAO工艺中的脱氮增效机制。结果表明,活性污泥-生物膜复合系统可在40 d左右稳定成型,膜上负载生物量最终稳定在39.51 mg/g(以VSS/填料计);系统好氧区亚硝氮积累率(NAR)和同步硝化反硝化效率(SND)由挂膜初期的61.57%和21.57%增至活性污泥-生物膜复合系统稳定成型期的67.48%和46.28%,生物膜通过促进PND和SND这两种脱氮途径,使系统出水NH_3-N和TN浓度分别降至0.67和6.48 mg/L,对系统脱氮增效作用显著;通过16S rRNA扩增测序分析发现第60d生物膜中微生物的优势菌门为Proteobacteria,其相对丰度为75.28%,主要的氨氧化菌(AOB)菌属为Nitrosomanas(1.28%)和Nitrosococcus(1.54%),同时典型反硝化作用的微生物菌属占比显著(33.71%),并且在生物膜中存在少量Anammox菌群(Anammoxoglobus,0.57%),测序结果与反应器宏观表现吻合。     

MBBR工艺在制药废水中的应用

某制药厂提标改造工程将原有活性污泥生物系统升级改造为移动床生物膜反应器(MB-BR),在生化池内投加好氧活性生物填料.改造后,平均出水COD 78 mg/L,氨氮3.3 mg/L,总氮70.8 mg/L,各项指标好于当地的纳管标准.分别对系统活性污泥及生物膜进行菌群结构分析,发现活性污泥及生物膜系统内丰度较高的功能菌分...     

MSBR系统的特点及其除磷脱氮的机理分析

介绍了一种新的改良型序批式活性污泥反应器———MSBR(ModifiedSequencingBatchReactor)系统。该系统能保证连续进出水 ,使反应器始终保持在恒定水位。MSBR系统综合了以往其它除磷脱氮工艺的优点 ,保证了各类污染物质降解的最大速率环境 ,使去除有机污染物效率更高 ,除磷脱氮效果更好 ,运行更稳定。结合中试运行结果对其生物除磷脱氮机理进行了分析和讨论。     

投加介质提高活性污泥法处理性能的研究

本研究较系统地分析了向曝气池中投加化学活性载体(石灰、FeCl_3)和多孔悬浮载体(聚氨脂泡沫)这两种介质对活性污泥特性及废水处理特性的影响,并与传统活性污泥法进行了初步的技术经济比较.试验结果表明:(1)向反应器投加100mg/L石灰或15mg/LFeCl_3后反应器中出现了约占反应器污泥总体积10%,粒径为0.3～1.0mm的好氧污泥颗粒;污泥SVI可降至50～80mL/g,污泥比阻降为(5.7～9.8)×1012m/kg,说明石灰和FeCl_3投加改善了污泥的沉降和脱水性能;投加石灰或FeCl_3后,反应器中污泥活性有所降低,但其中VSS浓度升高,使反应器具有更高的有机物去除能力,有机负荷比对照试验高54%和39%,同时出水水质较好,污泥产量较低,具有较强耐冲击负荷能力;投加石灰或FeCl_3后,反应器可去除86.8～92.5%总磷及     

悬浮填料强化硝化及其工程应用效果研究

通过低温下的硝化速率试验并结合芦村污水处理厂升级改造实例,对新型SPR1悬浮填料的生产性强化硝化效果进行了分析。结果表明:在37%的填料填充率下,与不投加悬浮填料相比,系统硝化速率和硝化效果分别提高123%和99%,悬浮填料的投加强化了系统硝化;在填充率37%的悬浮填料—活性污泥复合系统中,悬浮填料表面上的附着硝化菌和混合液悬浮硝化菌对系统硝化速率的贡献分别为68.5%和31.5%;悬浮填料的工程应用效果良好,在47%的填料填充率下,低温季节系统的生产性硝化效果得到强化,平均提高60%。     

复合生物反应器处理城市污水的试验研究

在传统活性污泥工艺中投加悬浮填料以形成悬浮生长和附着生长两种生物结构而构成一种复合生物反应系统 ,用于城市污水处理试验研究 ,并与传统活性污泥法进行了对比。复合式生物反应器较之传统活性污泥工艺具有更强的有机污染物去除能力和良好的运行稳定性 ,在HRT为5 5h和有机负荷率为 0 2 1～ 0 5 1kgCOD/(kg总生物量·d)下 ,COD ,TOC和NH3-N的去除率分别大于 89% ,81%和 72 % ,均优于活性污泥法 ,出水色度低。复合生物反应器中的生物膜对COD ,NH3-N的去除起主要作用     

化学除磷药剂中三价铁铝对生物系统污泥活性影响的研究

辅助化学除磷过程中以投加铁盐和铝盐为主,但化学药剂的投加会对生物处理系统产生潜在的影响。针对Fe3+、Al3+的投加对活性污泥呼吸速率(OUR)的影响展开研究,结果表明,对活性污泥呼吸速率的影响Al3+强于Fe3+,Al3+的投加对亚硝化细菌和异养菌的呼吸速率均存在抑制作用,对硝化细菌的抑制作用不明显。当Al3+的投加量达到10-3mol/L时,会对生化单元内微生物的活性产生较为明显的抑制作用。     

某园区污水处理厂问题诊断与优化运行措施

以海河流域某工业园区采用UCT(悬浮填料)工艺的高排放标准污水处理厂为例,结合生产运行实际,对诊断的运行问题进行了分析,并对其精细化优化运行措施进行了研究,结果表明:通过优化碳源投加点(由缺氧池1改至"厌氧池"),在硝化液DO为6.89mg/L和内回流比200%下,系统脱氮效能强化约5mg/L;通过将厌氧池改为消氧区并按AO脱氮工艺运行,可控制硝化液高浓度DO导致的进水碳源损耗,在内回流比200%和硝化液DO为3～4mg/L下,系统脱氮效能平均强化2.14mg/L,可节省碳源乙酸钠溶液投加成本7.1万元/月,节省运行电费2.4万元/月;通过基于进水磷酸盐浓度确定化学协同除磷药剂投加量,在99%进水磷酸盐不超过1.18mg/L和PAC溶液投加量20mg/L下,二级出水磷酸盐通常不超过0.24mg/L,与优化前相比,化学协同除磷药剂投加量降低120mg/L,节省投加成本8.6万元/月;通过提升二沉池集水槽液位控制跌水充氧作用,低温季节反硝化滤池单元碳源投加量可降低约7mg/LCOD,投加成本可节省约7.1万元/月。     

PUF-SI复合填料强化SBR脱氮除磷性能研究

将装有PUF-SI复合填料的SBR与普通SBR和只装填聚氨酯泡沫填料的SBR进行对比试验,考察了PUF-SI复合填料处理生活污水的效果及其脱氮除磷特性。研究结果表明,装填有PUF-SI复合填料的SBR各项指标去除率均高于另外两个反应器,总氮和总磷两项指标去除率分别达到59.7%和93.6%,与普通SBR相比,这两项指标去除率分别提高11.2个百分点和63.6个百分点,与只装填有聚氨酯泡沫的SBR相比,两项指标去除率分别提高3.2个百分点和68.9个百分点,表现出良好的脱氮除磷性能。     

The discharged excess sludge treated by Oligochaeta.

To overcome unstable worm growth, a new worm-reactor was developed for oligochaete growth. The bench scale of this worm-reactor was used to treat the discharged excess sludge from a pilot activated sludge system, and experiments were carried out to investigate the sludge reduction induced by Oligochaeta. Due to difficult getting free-swimming worms such as Aeolosoma hemprichicii and Nais elinguis, Tubifex tubifex was thus selected and inoculated in Reactor 1 at the start-up phase except the control reactor (Reactor 2). Tubifex occurred in Reactor 1 throughout the operation period after its inoculation, and mainly attached on the carriers and aggregated on the bottom of the worm-reactor. Free-swimming worms such as Aeolosoma hemprichicii, Nais elinguis, and Aulophorus furcatus were found in both reactors since the 35th day. Microscopic investigation showed that these free-swimming worms naturally produced in the pilot activated sludge system, and entered into both reactors along the discharged sludge. Results clearly showed that the average sludge reduction in Reactor 1 was 59%, much higher than that in the control. The characteristics of sludge settling was improved by worm growth, but was not too much. High ammonia nitrogen concentration in influent sludge was toxic to worms, and then inhibited worm growth. Both the total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus releases into effluent sludge were observed in Reactor 1, but such increases were not heavy.     

Pre-ozonation in the activated sludge process: fate of nitrogen species

The objective of this research was to include ozonation prior to an activated sludge treatment and investigate the effect on the nitrogen species, their fate and the consequences of this oxidation upon the biomass. Three parallel treatment systems were used: the base system, where feed went directly to the activated sludge reactor, and two others, where the influent was ozonated at two different dosages, 15 and 25 mg/L of influent, prior to the biological reactors. The results from the ozonation chamber show a high oxidation capacity of the entering ammonia and organic nitrogen, proportional to the ozone dose. The oxidation product was nitrate. No de-nitrification was expected because a high oxygen concentration (4 mg/L) was maintained in the reactors. The reactors receiving ozonated influent showed a lower assimilation of nitrogen by the biomass. The sludge nitrogen content resulted in 11, 9.3 and 7.4% dry-weight corresponding to no-ozone, low ozone and high ozone dosages, respectively. In spite of the lower ammonia available in the ozonated flows, the corresponding reactors showed a higher specific nitrification rate. The ozonated system also performed better in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removals, besides showing a higher true biomass yield coefficient.     

The performance of a nitrogen-fixing SBR.

A laboratory study has successfully demonstrated that a nitrogen deficient thermomechanical pulping wastewater can be effectively treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under conditions of biological nitrogen fixation (the N-ViroTech process). In comparison to continuous stirred tank reactor activated sludge (CSTR-AS) configurations operated under either nitrogen fixing or nitrogen supplemented conditions, slightly lower removals of dissolved organic material were observed in the SBR. However, this was largely offset by significantly better suspended solids removal in the SBR, which contributes to the overall COD discharge. The settleability and dewaterability of sludge produced by the SBR was significantly better than that obtained from the nitrogen fixing CSTR-AS reactors, and comparable to that of a nitrogen supplemented system. Consistently low total and dissolved nitrogen discharges from the N-ViroTech systems demonstrated the advantage of this system over ones requiring nitrogen supplementation. The feast-famine regime of an SBR-type configuration has significant potential for the application of this technology in the treatment of nitrogen deficient waste streams, particularly those in which conventional single-stage systems may be susceptible to sludge bulking problems.     

曝气条件对侧流活性污泥水解工艺脱氮性能和微生物的影响

通过改变传统厌氧/缺氧/好氧（A²/O）反应器和侧流活性污泥水解（SSH）反应器的曝气强度和溶解氧（DO）浓度,考察了曝气条件对脱氮性能的影响,并对比研究了微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：相较于高DO阶段,两组反应器在中低DO阶段有更好的脱氮效果。在相同进水条件下,SSH反应器的脱氮性能优于A²/O反应器,且出水满足一级A标准。高通量测序结果表明,中低DO浓度更有利于脱氮微生物的生长。相对于A²/O反应器,SSH反应器中反硝化微生物的相对丰度更高。因此,合理控制曝气条件维持中低DO浓度有利于SSH工艺达到良好的脱氮性能及脱氮微生物的生长。     

Nitrogen removal and sludge reduction in a symbiotic activated sludge system between anaerobic archaea and bacteria.

The possible symbiosis between bacteria and anaerobic archaea was investigated in intermittent aeration (I/A) systems. Archaea solution added to I/A reactor might play an important role in biological activities as well as in improvement of mineralization of organic matter. I/A reactor with archaea solution (I/A-arch) could increase both nitrification and denitrification rate and also reduce the sludge yield remarkably. These results indicate the possibility of the symbiotic activated sludge system with anaerobic archaea by controlling the DO level in the aeration tank. In this study, DO was controlled by intermittent aeration schemes and a successful symbiotic activated sludge system was achieved to reach the following conclusions. 1) SOUR of I/A-arch system was 2.9 mg-O2/g-VSS x min. SOUR and nitrification rate of the sludge from I/A-arch was higher than those from the I/A and A/S reactors. 2) Removal efficiencies of organic matter (TCOD(Cr)) in I/A-arch, I/A and conventional activated sludge (A/S) reactors were 93, 90 and 87%, respectively. 3) Nitrification occurred successfully in each reactor, while denitrification rate was much higher in the I/A-arch reactor. Efficiencies of TN removal in A/I-arch, I/A and A/S reactors were 75, 63 and 33%, respectively. 4) Observed yield coefficients of I/A-arch, I/A and A/S reactors were 0.28, 0.41 and 0.37 g-VSS/g-COD.     

Fixed film phosphorus removal--flexible enough?

While biological phosphorus removal (BPR) has been practised for 30 years, up to recently it has been restricted mainly to activated sludge processes, with the corresponding need for large basin volumes. Yet, research with biofilm reactors showed that the principle of alternate anaerobic and aerated conditions was applicable to fixed bacteria by changing the conditions in time rather than in space. Attached growth enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems are attractive because of their compactness and capability to retain high biomass levels. However, the phosphorus extraction depends on backwashes to enhance the phosphorus-rich attached biomass, and correct control of unsteady effluent quality created by frequently modified process conditions. Accordingly, EBPR remains a challenging task in terms of combining nitrogen and phosphorus removal using attached growth systems. Nevertheless, a combination of activated sludge and biofilm carriers, in the integrated fixed-film activated sludge system, provides treatment opportunities not readily available using suspended growth systems. Current practice is only at the beginning of exploiting the full potential of this combination, but the first full-scale results show that compact tankage and low nutrient results based on biological principles are possible.     

不同电子受体的反硝化除磷效果对比研究

反硝化除磷作用可以明显节省脱氮除磷过程的碳源需求和能耗。为研究不同电子受体下的反硝化除磷效果,利用一体化活性污泥工艺中污泥经过厌氧释磷后在不同电子受体下进行反硝化除磷试验,结果表明NO3-—N和NO2-—N均能参与反硝化除磷过程,在NO2-—N初始浓度高达30mg/L的条件下,除磷率仍在93%以上,未对反硝化除磷过程产生毒害作用。在工程应用中应加强短程硝化反硝化与反硝化除磷作用的耦合,在提高脱氮除磷效率的同时,取得明显的节能效果。     

Comparison of some characteristics of aerobic granules and sludge flocs from sequencing batch reactors.

Physical, chemical and biological characteristics were investigated for aerobic granules and sludge flocs from three laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). One reactor was operated as normal SBR (N-SBR) and two reactors were operated as granular SBRs (G-SBR1 and G-SBR2). G-SBR1 was inoculated with activated sludge and G-SBR2 with granules from the municipal wastewater plant in Garching (Germany). The following major parameters and functions were measured and compared between the three reactors: morphology, settling velocity, specific gravity (SG), sludge volume index (SVI), specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), distribution of the volume fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bacteria, organic carbon and nitrogen removal. Compared with sludge flocs, granular sludge had excellent settling properties, good solid-liquid separation, high biomass concentration, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Aerobic granular sludge does not have a higher microbial activity and there are some problems including higher effluent suspended solids, lower ratio of VSS/SS and no nitrification at the beginning of cultivation. Measurement with CLSM and additional image analysis showed that EPS glycoconjugates build one main fraction inside the granules. The aerobic granules from G-SBR1 prove to be heavier, smaller and have a higher microbial activity compared with G-SBR2. Furthermore, the granules were more compact, with lower SVI and less filamentous bacteria.     

泥龄对反硝化除磷脱氮系统效率的影响分析

反硝化除磷脱氮系统中,生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个相互独立、相互竞争又相互交叉的生理反应过程,存在着硝化菌与聚磷菌的不同泥龄之争。应用数学模式分析了泥龄对氮、磷去除效率的影响,并就反硝化除磷脱氮工艺的单、双级污泥系统的泥龄进行了探讨。推导出以下结论:缩短泥龄可以提高系统的同化除磷能力;长泥龄的生物除磷系统单靠生物作用以期达到完全除磷是几乎不可能的。     

4种生物滞留填料对径流污染净化效果对比

为提高生物滞留系统净化效果,探讨了绿沸石、蛭石、活性炭、珍珠岩等材料用作特殊填料时对道路径流雨水中NH_4~+-N、TN、TP、COD等污染物的吸附性能。静态摇床实验研究了填料对各污染物的吸附能力,并建立了各填料等温吸附模型。结果表明沸石的综合吸附性能较好,活性炭次之,4种填料的等温吸附过程拟合结果基本符合朗格缪尔(Langmuir)吸附模型。以沸石作为特殊填料的小试结果表明,生物滞留系统对NH_4~+-N、TN、TP、COD的负荷削减率可分别达到70.59%、85.83%、79.98%、66.02%。从净化性能及经济性方面考虑,沸石作为生物滞留系统特殊填料是一种较好的选择。