AlteraSRAM型现场可编程门阵列总剂量辐射效应

通过比较不同模块的输出波形、不同源程序的功耗电流以及输出端口的高、低电平随总剂量的变化关系,研究了AlteraSRAM型现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）器件在⁶⁰Coγ源辐照下的总剂量辐射效应。实验结果表明：器件的功能和功耗电流随总剂量的变化不同;不同模块随总剂量的变化关系相似,不同源程序的功耗电流随总剂量的变化趋势一致;总剂量辐照实验时功耗电流可作为判断器件失效的1个敏感参数。     

星载DC-DC电源转换器总剂量辐射损伤效应研究

对低功率、双输出型DC-DC电源转换器⁶⁰Coγ辐照后的总剂量辐射损伤及辐照后退火效应进行研究。探讨了器件在不同负载、不同输入电压条件下输入电流I_in、正路/负路输出电压V_out、正路输出电流I_out、抑制模式下的输入电流I_inhibit等参数随总剂量、退火时间的变化关系。实验结果表明：虽然同为小功率器件（DVHF2812DF与DVTR2815DF）,但抗总剂量辐射能力有所差异,这与以往结果不同;由于氧化物正电荷的累积,在追加辐照时器件参数发生很大变化;满功率负载条件下器件的电参数随总剂量变化明显;抑制模式下输入电流可作为一评估器件抗辐射能力的敏感参数。     

典型FLASH存储器~(60)Coγ电离辐射效应测试与分析

通过测量卫星用FLASH存储器的内部存储数据逻辑状态出错(WW≠0)、电源电流、输出高低电平电压、输入漏电流以及交流参数随辐照剂量的变化情况,对FLASH存储器的电离辐射效应损伤规律、敏感参数进行了研究。研究结果表明,FLASH存储器的电离辐射效应损伤规律主要表现为随辐照剂量增加,存储数据逻辑状态出现错误,数据读取、数据擦除以及维持模式下的电源电流逐渐增大,这些参数可以作为辐照敏感参数;动态辐照偏置下存储数据逻辑状态出错时的剂量阈值比静态辐照偏置和不加电辐照偏置条件下大一个数量级以上。     

掺锗石英光纤的稳态和瞬态γ辐射效应研究

开展了掺锗石英光纤在1.0×10~(-4)~0.5Gy(Si)/s剂量率下的稳态γ辐照实验和10~6~10~9 Gy(Si)/s剂量率下的瞬态γ辐照实验。结果表明:光纤辐射感生损耗与辐照总剂量呈饱和指数关系,与色心浓度微分方程推导出的结论相一致。在辐照总剂量相同的情况下,光纤辐射感生损耗随辐照剂量率的增大而增大。辐照期间有光注入较无光注入时的光纤辐射感生损耗低,证实了光褪色效应的存在。对实验用650、850和1 310nm 3个波长,光纤辐射感生损耗随波长的增大而减小。与光纤稳态辐射感生损耗相比,光纤瞬态辐射感生损耗要大得多;光纤瞬态辐射感生损耗峰值与脉冲总剂量呈线性关系,这与饱和指数关系在低剂量下的泰勒展开近似一致。     

γ辐射场中硅橡胶泡沫的辐射效应研究

研究了室温下空气、真空或惰性气氛中60 Coγ射线对柔性开孔型甲基乙烯基硅橡胶泡沫的辐射效应。采用傅立叶红外分析仪 (FTIR)、扫描电镜 (SEM )、裂解色谱 质谱联用仪 (PGC/MS)以及热失重分析仪 (TG)等对辐照前后的样品进行了分析 ,同时使用色质联用仪 (GC/MS)对辐照后产生的气体进行了分析 ,并且测定了空气中辐照试样的凝胶含量与吸收剂量的关系以及在室温下试样的压缩性能、应力松弛率与吸收剂量的关系。结果表明 :化学交联后的硅泡沫材料在低剂量 ( 2× 1 0 5Gy)下发生了第二次交联 ,但随剂量的进一步提高 ,则以辐射降解为主。经不同剂量辐照以后 ,试样的力学性能有所改变。     

高温环境下PMOS剂量计的剂量响应研究

通过室温和高温条件下的辐照试验,研究了100 nm和400 nm栅氧厚度PMOS剂量计(RADFETs)在高温下的辐照响应。实验剂量率为3 rad(Si)/s和0098 rad(Si)/s,辐照总剂量达80 krad(Si)。采用中带电压法进行氧化物陷阱电荷和界面态陷阱电荷的分离,对高温下辐照响应的微观机理进行了分析。氧化物陷阱电荷的退火作用是导致非线性响应的主要原因。不同氧化层厚度的氧化物陷阱电荷密度差异很大,高温下100 nm和400 nm RADFETs的界面态陷阱电荷密度差异较小。最后讨论了高温下不同栅氧厚度RADFETs的适用性,为高温环境下RADFETs的应用提供了参考。     

HDPE/EVA/CB体系流变学性质及其辐照响应

利用高级流变扩展系统(ARES)研究了碳黑(CB)填充的高密度聚乙烯-乙烯和醋酸乙烯共聚物(HDPE/EVA)体系的流变学行为.研究发现在高填充份数时低频区出现似固体的"第二平台"、损耗因子峰以及强剪切变稀行为,这些现象的出现均与CB颗粒之间以及颗粒和高分子链之间的相互作用所形成的网络结构有关.通过粘度随碳黑含量的变化可以看出,当填充碳黑的量达到20 phr时体系即出现所谓的"流变逾渗"结构.体系在辐照之后流变学行为与辐照前相比发生了很大的变化:在低频区的损耗因子峰消失,储能模量(G')对频率的依赖关系减小,显示辐照对聚合物分子产生交联作用.而高剂量下模量的微小回复估计与聚合物分子的部分降解有关.     

典型石英钟振的电离辐射效应

利用60Coγ-射线源研究宇航用典型石英钟振及其内部SM5009型振荡电路的电离辐射效应,测试辐照条件下钟振输出信号幅度、电源和电流等参数变化情况,分析这些参数变化与振荡电路失效之间的关系。结果表明,辐照条件下SM5009的场氧漏电较为严重,受照剂量达1500 Gy(Si)时,其漏电流增大至10-4A量级,这是导致辐照条件下钟振功耗电流增大的主要原因。同时SM5009的输出高电平对受照剂量较为敏感,当受照剂量达1500 Gy(Si)时,输出高电平下降约0.5 V,导致钟振输出信号峰峰值随受照剂量的增加而下降。     

大剂量γ辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的分子运动与陷阱性质的研究

大剂量(500-5000kGy)~(60)COγ射线辐照使PET分子链断裂并导入含氧的苯环基团。TSC研究发现随辐照剂量增大,玻璃化温度降低,平均陷阱深度加深,初始载流子浓度升高,解俘获电流增大。γ辐照对偶极热松弛活化能和时间常数的影响较小。     

NMOS晶体管的退火特性研究

探讨了加固型ＣＣ４００７经＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照后ＮＭＯＳ晶体管的退火特性,研究了辐照敏感参数随辐照剂量、退火温度、退火时间和退火偏置的变化关系。经相同总剂量辐照的器件,高源１００℃下的退火速度远大于室温２５℃下退火速度。２５￣２５０℃下的等时退火,其退火程度接近１６８ｈ的１００℃等温退火。对不同的退火情况,退火偏置的作用是相似的,＋５Ｖ栅偏压退火速度大于０Ｖ栅偏压和浮空退火速度。对氧化物陷阱电荷的     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量

为研究微型X射线管的特性,通过电离室测量光管出射口30 cm远处的空气比释动能,使用高纯锗探测器分别测量了Ag过滤和Cu过滤下的X射线能谱。结果表明,空气比释动能随电流的增加有线性增加的趋势,能谱图明显的观察到银的两个特征X射线。完成了微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量方法以及实验测量的工作,为微型x射线管下辐射质的建立提够了条件基础。     

Gamma-ray attenuation technique for measuring void fraction in horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow

The measurement of void fraction is of importance to the oil industry and chemical industry. In this article, the principle and mathematical method of determining the void fraction of horizontal gas-liquid flow by using a single-energy γ-ray system is described. The γ-ray source is the radioactive isotope of 241Am with γ-ray energy of 59.5 keV. The time-averaged value of the void fraction in a 50.0-mm i.d. transparent horizontal pipeline is measured under various combinations of the liquid flow and gas flow. It is found that increasing the gas flow rate at a fixed liquid flow rate would increase the void fraction. Test data are compared with the predictions of the correlations and a good agreement is found. The result shows that the designed γ-ray system can be used for measuring the void fraction in a horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with high accuracy.