新型阳离子水处理剂的合成与应用

以腐植酸为原料合成了阳离子生物质水处理剂,并对其杀菌灭藻、阻垢、缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明,阳离子生物质的杀菌灭藻性能得到很大提高,在药剂质量浓度为20~30mg/L时,可与癸甲氯铵的杀菌灭藻性能相媲美,同时阻垢、缓蚀性能也得到较大幅度的改善。     

新型阳离子水处理剂的合成与应用

本文通过实验合成了阳离子生物质水处理剂,并对其杀菌灭藻、阻垢、缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明,阳离子生物质的杀菌灭藻性能得到很大提高,在药剂质量浓度为20～30mg/L时,可与癸甲氯铵的杀菌灭藻性能相媲美。同时,改性后,生物质的阻垢、缓蚀性能也得到较大幅度的改善。     

添加季铵化腐植酸对聚马来酸丙烯酸阻垢缓蚀性能的影响

以季铵化改性后的风化煤腐植酸为添加剂,采用溶液共混法将季铵化腐植酸(QHA)与聚合马来酸-丙烯酸(MA/AA)进行复配,获得复合阻垢缓蚀剂QHA/(MA/AA)。分别采用称垢法、旋转挂片法及分解氧化铁法和灭藻实验评定HA、QHA以及QHA/(MA/AA)的阻垢、缓蚀、分散和灭藻性能,结果表明,添加QHA后,QHA/(MA/AA)的阻垢率和缓蚀率均优于QHA和MA/AA,QHA/(MA/AA)的最大阻垢率达到97.4%,最大缓蚀率达到85.2%,对Fe_2O_3的分散效果低至42.3%的透光率;同时,QHA/(MA/AA)的灭藻性能也明显优越,可在8h内实现100%高效灭藻。CaCO_3垢样的扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析表明,加入QHA/(MA/AA)后使CaCO_3晶面生长的有序度和完整程度下降,呈碎状分布,结晶度下降,会明显抑制晶面生长,从而达到良好的阻垢效果。     

新型三元低磷复配阻垢缓蚀剂的性能研究

研究了季铵化腐植酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、2-膦酸丁烷1,2,4一三羧酸按质量比2:1:3复配成的阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢效果,并对其缓蚀和杀菌灭藻能力进行评价.研究表明,这种复配产品除对Ca3(PO4)2垢的阻垢效果不佳外,对其它类垢的阻垢效果显著.当质量浓度达到6 mg.L-1时,对CaSO4.2H:O、SrSO4的阻垢率达到100%;质量浓度达到8 mg.L-1时,对CaCO3、BaSO4的阻垢率达到100%;在质量浓度达到30 mg.L-1时,缓蚀率达到80%,杀菌率和灭藻率分别达到95%和75%.     

一种新型的静电水处理设备──离子棒(ION STICK)静电水处理器

阻垢、缓蚀和杀菌灭藻一般是采用化学处理方法。离子棒静电水处理器则是以物理化学方法，对于循环冷却水系统换热设备具有较好的阻垢、缓蚀和杀菌灭藻效果，而且操作管理简单，一次投资和运行费用都很低，可推荐用于中小型循环冷却水系统和低压锅炉的水处理。本文介绍离子棒静电水处理器的阻垢、缓蚀、杀菌灭藻作用机理，应用范围，使用实例。     

多功能杀菌剂的合成及其性能研究

在现有季铵盐类杀菌灭藻剂上增加一个脂键，连接一个有机酸基团，合成一种兼具阻垢缓蚀功能的新型工业水处理用杀菌灭藻剂(多功能杀菌剂)，经一系列评价实验表明：新型杀菌剂是较理想的杀菌剂，在较低浓度下，对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)及腐生菌(TGB)均有很好的杀灭效果，优于1227杀菌剂，同时还具有较好的缓蚀阻垢效果。     

THAW型水质稳定剂的性能与应用

本文综述以腐植酸为主要原料复配而成的腐植酸水质稳定剂的性能与应用情况。通过化肥厂、发电厂及室内应用试验证明，腐植酸水质稳定剂具有缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌灭藻等多种功能，与磷系药剂相比，成本低，使用方便，无毒，无二效污染，水的浓缩倍率高等优点，其经济效益、社会效益和环境效益显著，具有广阔和应用价值。     

化工生产循环冷却水处理技术研究

研究了化工生产循环冷却水处理技术,结果表明:HY-1010缓蚀阻垢剂配方产品的阻垢、缓蚀效果最佳,使用浓度为70 ppm时,完全可以满足现场的阻垢缓蚀要求;HY-1010缓蚀阻垢剂与HY-4001杀菌灭藻剂具有良好的共存性。     

TY系列水处理剂在循环冷却水系统中的应用

对循环冷却水水质进行了研究,确定了以TY系列水处理剂做为循环冷却水的预膜、缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌和灭藻药剂。试验研究与现场运行表明,在循环冷却水系统进行清洗的基础上,TY系列水处理剂能起到良好的预膜效果,在浓缩倍数为3.0的条件下,TY系列水处理剂能起到良好的缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌和灭藻效果。     

WJ--7A3水质稳定剂的性能研究

在对多种水质稳定剂的缓蚀、阻垢效应的研究基础上,研制了WJ-7A3复合配方,并对其各种性能进行比较.结果表明:WJ-7A3水质稳定剂是多功能药剂,缓蚀功能强,阻垢效果好,含磷量低,并兼杀菌灭藻,尤其适用于腐蚀型冷却水系统.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.