乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊在轻微性肝性脑病患者中的应用效果

目的探讨乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊在轻微性肝性脑病(MHE)患者中的应用效果。方法选择2015年1月至2019年4月在我院消化科住院就诊的94例MHE患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组患者均予基础治疗。观察组患者在基础治疗上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊(630 mg/次,2次/d,温开水送服)联合乳果糖口服液(20 mL/次,3次/d,口服)治疗,连用8周。对照组患者单用乳果糖口服液治疗,剂量、用法及疗程同观察组。观察两组患者治疗前后血氨、血清内毒素(ET)、数字连接试验(NCT)时间和数字符号实验(DST)评分及肠道菌群数量的变化,并比较肝性脑病(HE)的转变率。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血氨、ET和NCT时间均较治疗前明显下降,DST评分较治疗前明显上升,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量较治疗前显著增加,大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前显著减少,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者HE的转变率为8.51%(4/47),明显低于对照组的23.40%(11/47),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.89,P=0.049)。结论乳果糖联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊能显著改善MHE患者智力测验结果,降低HE转化率,其作用机制可能与其能纠正患者肠道菌群紊乱,降低血氨水平,控制内毒素血症相关。     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合小麦纤维素治疗肝性脑病的疗效观察

目的 观察复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合小麦纤维素治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效.方法 将48例肝性脑病患者随机分成A、B两组,A组24例在常规综合治疗的基础上给予复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合小麦纤维素治疗,B组24例在常规综合治疗的基础上仅给予小麦纤维素治疗,观察两组数字连接试验,数字符号试验,血氨及肝功能的变化,数据采用统计学方法分析.结果 与B组比较,A组数字连接实验(NCT)的缩短、数字符号试验(DST)评分的增加及血氨含量下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),A组肝功能改善亦明显(P＜0.05).结论 在常规综合治疗的前提下,复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合小麦纤维素治疗肝性脑病的疗效优于单用小麦纤维素,有利于患者症状的缓解、血氨的下降及肝功能的保护.     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响。方法将108例SHE患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以低盐软食、保肝、降转氨酶、维持水电解质平衡及防治并发症等基础治疗。观察组予以双歧三联活菌胶囊(420.0mg/次,3次/d,口服)联合门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒(3.0g/次,2次/d,口服)治疗,对照组予以单用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒治疗,两组均连用8周。观察并比较两组治疗前后血氨、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、数字连接试验(NCT)、内毒素(ET)及肠道菌群的变化,并比较肝性脑病(HE)的发病率。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血氨、ALT、NCT及ET水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降的幅度较对照组更大(P0.05);同时两组患者乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠球菌数量较治疗前增加,肠杆菌和酵母菌数量较治疗前减少(P0.05和P0.01),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。观察组与对照组分别发生HE 5例和18例,观察组HE的发病率明显低于对照组(χ2=9.34,P0.01)。结论门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗SHE的疗效确切,能改善其智力测验结果,降低HE的发病率。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效观察

目的观察酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效。方法将120例秋冬季腹泻的患儿随机分为酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组和对照组,对照组60例患儿单用蒙脱石散,1.5g/次,3次/d;酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组60例患儿先服用蒙脱石散,剂量同上,间隔2h后,加服酪酸梭菌活菌散,1袋/次,3次/d,疗程为3~7d或治愈为止;在此基础上,两组患儿均给予补液(纠酸、维持水电解质及酸碱平衡)、退热等治疗。观察两组患儿腹泻治疗效果(包括大便性状恢复正常时间、呕吐消失时间和总有效率)及不良反应发生情况。结果酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组显效率为81.7%,总有效率为100.0%,对照组显效率为28.3%,总有效率为90.0%,酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.385,P0.05);酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组第3天大便次数相比对照组明显减少[治疗组(1.88±0.88)次/d,对照组(3.28±1.80)次/d,t=5.395,P0.05)],大便恢复正常时间明显短于对照组[治疗组(3.67±1.31)d,对照组(4.8±1.09)d,t=5.158,P0.05)],呕吐消失时间也明显短于对照组[治疗组(2.9±0.99)d,对照组(4.02±1.34)d,t=4.894,P0.05)]。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效显著,且未见不良反应发生,值得临床推广。     

酪酸梭菌活菌片联合 马来酸曲美布汀、谷维素对IBS患者的疗效

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌片联合马来酸曲美布汀、谷维素对肠易激综合征患者的临床疗效。方法选择80例肠易激综合征患者,随机分为治疗组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。治疗组患者采用酪酸梭菌活菌片联合马来酸曲美布汀、谷维素进行治疗,对照组患者采用马来酸曲美布汀和谷维素进行治疗。结果治疗组患者有效率高于对照组,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌片联合马来酸曲美布汀、谷维素对肠易激综合征患者疗效显著。     

酪酸梭菌活菌片联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱对 酒精性肝病患者肠道菌群及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌片联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱对酒精性肝病(ALD)患者肠道菌群及炎症因子的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月进行治疗的ALD患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以严格戒酒、高蛋白高热量低脂饮食、维生素及门冬氨酸钾镁等常规治疗。观察组患者在此基础上加用酪酸梭菌活菌片(0.7g/次,3次/d,口服)和多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊(456mg/次,3次/d,口服)联合治疗8周。对照组患者在常规治疗基础上单纯加用多烯磷脂酰胆碱片治疗,其剂量、用法及疗程与观察组相同。观察并比较治疗前后患者肝功能指标、肠道菌群数量及炎症因子的变化。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清ALT、AST和TBiL水平均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。两组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量较治疗前明显上升,大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。两组患者血清IL-6和TNF-α水平较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌片联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱能有效改善ALD患者肝功能指标,促进肝功能恢复,其作用机制可能与其能纠正肠道菌群失调,促进有益菌的繁殖,同时下调血清炎症因子水平,抑制肝内炎症反应密切相关。     

胆管癌化疗患者小肠细菌过度生长情况

目的探讨胆管癌化疗患者化疗前后小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)情况及应用酪酸梭菌治疗SIBO后能否改善肿瘤患者的临床症状。方法选择62例于我院接受化疗的胆管癌患者作为观察组,选择同时段内于我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。观察组患者化疗前后及对照组均接受葡萄糖氢呼气试验(GHBT)检测SIBO阳性率。将观察组化疗后SIBO阳性患者分为益生菌治疗组和安慰剂组,比较其治疗前后SIBO阳性率及临床症状评分的变化。结果观察组患者化疗前SIBO阳性率为45.16%(28/62),化疗后SIBO阳性率为67.74%(42/62)。对照组SIBO阳性率为16.00%(8/50)。观察组患者化疗前后SIBO阳性率显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意(均P0.05)。观察组患者化疗后SIBO阳性率高于化疗前,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.43,P0.05)。益生菌治疗组患者经酪酸梭菌治疗后SIBO转阴率为52.38%(11/21),安慰剂组为14.29%(3/21),且两组患者给药后的临床症状积分对比差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论胆管癌患者SIBO阳性率更高,化疗可进一步加重SIBO的发生。酪酸梭菌治疗胆管癌患者化疗后SIBO效果较好,可提高SIBO转阴率,改善胆管癌患者化疗后腹痛、腹胀等不适症状。     

酪酸梭菌活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床疗效

目的观察及评估酪酸梭菌活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法选取腹泻型肠易激综合征患者59例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者服用奥替溴铵片,治疗组在对照组基础上加服酪酸梭菌活菌片,用药疗程均为4周,观察患者症状改善情况及治疗的显效率。结果治疗组患者的临床症状腹痛、腹胀、腹部不适、排便不尽感、焦虑等症状明显改善,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组的显效率为100.00%,明显高于对照组的66.67%(P0.05)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌片是治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的有效方法,效果显著,值得临床推广使用。     

酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗对非酒精性脂肪肝病患者氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗对非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法选取2017年1月至2019年3月我院内科门诊就诊的NAFLD患者76例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各38例。两组患者均给予饮食调整、纠正不良生活习惯和适当运动锻炼。对照组患者给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊456 mg/次,3次/d,口服。观察组患者在对照组基础上加用酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊0.6 g/次,2次/d,温水口服。两组患者连用8周。检测两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)]及氧化应激指标[氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、过氧化脂质(LPO)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平的变化。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清ALT、ALP和γ-GT水平较治疗前明显下降,且观察组下降幅度大于比对照组(均P0.05);同时两组患者血清ox-LDL、LPO和MDA水平明显下降,且观察组患者下降幅度大于对照组(均P0.05)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗NAFLD患者能降低血清ox-LDL、LPO和MDA水平,抑制氧化应激反应亢进,保护肝功能。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散防治小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的效果及卫生经济学评价

目的评价酪酸梭菌活菌散防治小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效,进一步从卫生经济学角度探讨其成本-效果比及经济学价值。方法选择深圳市儿童医院收治的571例小儿肺炎患者,随机分为预防组与对照组,预防组286例,对照组285例,两组患儿均给予抗生素及对症治疗,预防组在治疗同时加服酪酸梭菌活菌散,出现腹泻后继续服用:对照组待出现腹泻后服用酪酸梭菌活菌散,至腹泻痊愈为止。观察两组患儿腹泻的发生率、严重程度、腹泻持续时间、住院时间,并比较分析治疗期间直接费用、间接费用、成本-效果比。结果预防组患儿腹泻发生率、严重程度、腹泻持续时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05):预防组的直接费用、间接费用和成本效果比均明显低于对照组,预防性应用微生态制剂酪酸梭菌活菌散可减少次均住院总费用283.68元。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散防治小儿肺炎继发性腹泻有很好的成本效果,值得临床推广使用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.