110~500 kV复合绝缘子的雷电闪络特性

为研究复合绝缘子的雷电冲击闪络特性,在110 kV、220 kV和500 kV电压等级下对复合绝缘子进行了大量的试验。利用Matlab分析试验数据,得到了不同电压等级绝缘子50%雷电冲击电压与干弧距离的关系曲线,拟合出了110~500 kV绝缘子50%雷电冲击电压与干弧距离的关系表达式,通过逐步提高冲击电压的峰值研究并绘制出了110 kV绝缘子的伏秒特性曲线,为复合绝缘子的选型提供了参考。     

不同运行年限的复合绝缘子电气和机械性能

为研究运行年份不等的66kV复合绝缘子的电气和机械性能,抽取了已运行不同年份的19支复合绝缘子,利用工频试验变压器、冲击电压发生器和复合绝缘子拉力机对其进行自然污秽工频闪络试验、人工污秽工频闪络试验、50%雷电冲击闪络试验、50%机械负荷耐受试验、机械破坏负荷试验。结果表明:其电气性能仍然较好,污闪和雷击闪络电压随着绝缘子结构高度增大而增大,与运行时间无关;机械性能具有一定分散性,早期楔式结构的复合绝缘子的机械性能有所下降。建议有关部门加强对早期复合绝缘子的机械性能的检测。     

35～1000kV线路绝缘子污闪电压值的估算

针对目前绝缘子污闪电压缺乏系统研究的现状,建立了35~1 000 kV输电线路用普通型绝缘子交流污闪电压的计算模型即展开普通型绝缘子成平面模型后分析交流污闪条件,计算出绝缘子在不同表面污层电导率条件下的临界污闪电压值;对35~1 000 kV输电线路用5种不同吨位的普通型绝缘子进行交流人工污秽试验,获其在各盐密下的50%污闪电压;通过计算值和试验值的对比,可将绝缘子表面污层电导率转化为盐密,从而算出各普通型绝缘子在不同盐密下的交流污闪电压值。试验验证计算结果误差小,说明该模型能够有效估算代表普通型绝缘子的50%污闪电压情况。该研究结果可供各电压等级输电线路外绝缘选择参改。     

硅橡胶复合绝缘子运行寿命的试验研究

为评估运行中硅橡胶复合绝缘子安全寿命,提高供电可靠性,从上海电网中实际运行的线路上,选取运行年限>10a的110kV硅橡胶复合绝缘子作为试验研究样品绝缘子,通过对其表面特性及工频和冲击电压的试验研究,并辅助硅橡胶材料的微观试验,分析和探讨硅橡胶复合绝缘子运行寿命特性、电气和机械性能的综合因子老化规律,评估运行中硅橡胶复合绝缘子安全运行状态。研究结果表明:在硅橡胶材料表面特性正常的情况下,其工频和冲击电压试验的干、湿闪电压较接近并与外绝缘结构有关;当硅橡胶材料表面特性老化时,其干、湿闪络电压出现差值,表现出与材料表面特性有关。     

Research on Hot-line Cleaning of Artificial Contaminanted Insulator Using High Pressure Hot Water Vapor

The hot-line cleaning of insulator contaminants has a great significance to prevent pollution flashover.The technique of hot-line cleaning insulator contaminants by water vapor is proposed in this paper.The flashover characteristics of insulator under the procedure of cleaning by hot-line water vapor are tested to investigate the security of cleaning system in the operation.Three kinds of insulator are chosed to carry on the experiment.The average flashover voltage,flashover voltage gradient and withstand voltage in35 kV insulators in hot-line cleaning are measured.The results show that the average flashover voltage and withstand voltage of insulators used for hot-line water vapor cleaning are both larger than the operation phase voltage in 35 kV system.The flashover voltage gradient is larger than usual pollution flashover voltage gradient.The system security can be ensured when there is no overvoltage in the system,which verifies that the insulators cleaning method presented in this paper is effective and reliable.     

防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线用放电箝位柱式复合绝缘子的研究

通过大量的雷电冲击放电试验、工频电弧试验和弯曲负荷试验等试验研究,研制出了一种放电箝位柱式复合绝缘子和配套的绝缘罩.该产品既具有普通柱式绝缘子的功能,又能箝位绝缘导线的工频电位,将雷电冲击放电路径定位于高、低压电极之间,疏导工频电弧,使弧根离开导线到高压电极负荷侧燃烧,起到了保护绝缘导线免遭雷击断线的作用.该产品已通过了电力工业电力设备及仪表质量检验测试中心的型式试验.     

盐雾条件下染污绝缘子交流污闪特性

染污绝缘子表面污秽在盐雾中吸湿受潮,雾中的盐分沉积在绝缘子表面增大了其表面电导率,使得绝缘子闪络特性降低,绝缘子可能在较低电压甚至工作电压下发生闪络,威胁电网的安全稳定运行。本文对瓷、玻璃、复合三种典型绝缘子在不同盐密(SDD)和雾水电导率(?20)下的交流闪络特性进行试验研究,提出附加盐密(ASDD)的概念,分析了附加盐密与绝缘子表面盐密和雾水电导率的关系及其对交流闪络特性的影响。结果表明:随着盐密和雾水电导率的增大绝缘子交流雾闪电压均降低,且与盐密呈负幂指数关系,与雾水电导率呈线性关系。可以用附加盐密表征雾水电导率和盐密对绝缘子雾闪电压的综合影响,即附加盐密与雾水电导率和绝缘子盐密之积成正比。同时绝缘子闪络电压与绝缘子表面盐密和附加盐密之和呈负幂指数关系,绝缘子雾闪的本质是一种特殊的污秽闪络。     

不同试验方法下覆冰绝缘子直流闪络特性的比较(英文)

In this paper,the DC flashover characteristics of iced insulator strings were explored in the multi-functional artificial climate chamber by four methods,namely,the average flashover voltage method,the...     

绝缘子污秽闪络的统计特性及风险评估

污秽绝缘子的泄漏电流是表征绝缘子表面状态的重要动态参数.污秽绝缘子泄漏电流特性以及基于泄漏电流特征量的污秽度预测、闪络风险评估一直是国内外相关领域学者研究的热点,但泄漏电流的统计特性和闪络风险的定量计算的研究很少.为此,在人工搭建的雾室内,对XP-160和LD-120绝缘子进行大量人工污秽试验,以泄漏电流幅值Im和闪络...     

污秽绝缘子闪络特性研究现状及展望

文章综述了几十年来国内外对污秽绝缘子闪络特性的研究状况,包括污秽绝缘子运行状态的表征方法、污秽绝缘子闪络电压与污秽或气压之间的关系以及尚未解决的问题。同时对未来绝缘子污秽特性的研究进行了展望,指出了污秽绝缘子人工试验方法、低气压、覆冰(雪)、酸雨(雾)等复杂环境下的长串绝缘子闪络特性、污秽等级划分的修订等是今后的研究重点。     

污秽绝缘子闪络特性试验研究

通过EMTP仿真分别获取0.5/5μs和2.6/50μs绝缘子串反击和绕击条件下的电压波形,并选取电阻-电容隔离回路作为工频回路与冲击电压发生器的隔离电路,同时确定污秽绝缘子制备方法和湿润方式。通过试验,得到在0.5/5μs和2.6/50μs两种冲击电压波形条件下,污秽绝缘子在工频叠加冲击时闪络电压变化的基本规律。     

Steep Impulse Voltage Characteristics of Suspension Insulators

Transmission and distribution lines are sometimes struck by lightning and there is some risk of electrical puncture of suspension insulators due to high and steep lightning surge voltage. When the insulators suffer from steep lightning surge voltages, the solid insulating body of the insulators sometimes is punctured before external flashover in the air occurs. These characteristics were investigated on the insulators in the laboratory by using different steep impulse voltages. From the investigation results, both V-t characteristics of external flashover and internal puncture were obtained on the insulators. It was found that the puncture of the insulators is a matter of probability, depending on the dimensions of the insulators, steep impulse voltages and number of impulse voltage applications. Especially, the effect of number of voltage applications on puncture probability was clarified and partial damage by a small number of voltage applications was verified before complete puncture occurred. Based on the study results, an empirical equation relating to probability of puncture (P), impulse voltage (V) and number of voltage applications (N) was established.     

人工污秽绝缘子工频下叠加雷电冲击的闪络特性研究

为了研究运行中线路污秽绝缘子遭受雷击时的放电特性,提出了人工污秽绝缘子串工频下叠加雷电冲击的闪络试验电路和方法,通过试验,研究了纯雷电冲击下和工频电压叠加雷电冲击下的绝缘子串闪络电压随盐密的变化规律,并分析了其原因。     

用冷雾法研究复合绝缘子污秽闪络特性

针对绝缘子冬季雾闪的典型气象特征,提出了一种研究复合绝缘子污闪特性的冷雾试验方法。设计了冷雾试验的温度控制方法,即试验时环境温度在-2~2℃范围内循环。根据冷雾中随着温度循环次数的增加试样的闪络电压呈"U"形分布的特征,提出冷雾中复合绝缘子污闪特性的评价方法。最后,分别利用该冷雾试验方法和传统蒸汽雾法评价了一种复合绝缘子短串试样的污秽闪络特性。试验选择一种污秽度、两种初始憎水性状态。结果表明：对于2组具有不同初始憎水性状态的污秽复合绝缘子试样,冷雾法试验结果比蒸汽雾法的试验结果分别低12.8%和25.5%,从而证实了用冷雾法研究复合绝缘子污闪特性的必要性。     

Influence of sintering temperature on the flashover performance of alumina insulators in vacuum

This paper reports on the influence of sintering conditions on the flashover/pre-flashover characteristics of alumina insulators in vacuum under an impulse voltage. Four kinds of alumina insulator were studied, which were prepared using the same formula with different sintering conditions. The surface pre-flashover and flashover phenomena of different samples in vacuum have been observed under impulse voltage. Based on the experimental results, the characteristics of pre-flashover and flashover vary with different kinds of test samples. It was found that the insulators with a higher sintering temperature had a lower flashover voltage, and more active preflashover. From a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of alumina insulators, we conclude that the methods of preparing alumina samples can affect their microstructure resulting in a change in the pre-flashover and flashover performance as alumina insulators.     

Leakage current and flashover of field-aged polymeric insulators

In this paper results from leakage current (LC) measurements under steam fog and voltage withstand tests under rain conditions obtained on various field aged polymeric insulators are reported. Included in this work are several silicone rubber (SIR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber insulators of ac and dc design that have been energized at suitably high ac and dc voltages under coastal conditions for a period of more than nine years. Their performances are compared to two sets of identical insulators, namely one that was outdoors exposed without being energized and one that was stored indoors. The LC of each insulator was studied three times, namely as received from the field, after it was gently washed to remove soluble pollution, and finally after a voltage withstand test. In between the measurements, the insulators were left to recover for a period of a week. The results show that the LC of the SIR insulators were generally lower than those of the EPDM. In both cases, the LC of the insulators that were stored indoors were significantly lower than those of the outdoor exposed insulators. The voltage withstand tests revealed an almost linear relation between the flashover voltage (FOV) and the arcing distance of the insulators. In general, for similar SIR and EPDM insulators the FOV of the SIR ones were higher than those of EPDM insulators     

超、特高压直流线路瓷和玻璃绝缘子污闪特性研究

根据直流人工污秽试验,笔者分析和比较了6种型式瓷和玻璃绝缘子污闪特性。试验结果表明:不同型式绝缘子的污秽闪络性能不同,盐密影响特征指数α与绝缘子的结构和材质有关.其值在0.32～0.55间。同样污秽下,玻璃绝缘子的污闪电压梯度高于相同结构的瓷绝缘子,外伞型绝缘子的污闪电压梯度低于钟罩型绝缘子。绝缘子的有效爬电系数与其型式和污秽程度有关,可表示为K=M×(SDD)~m。在试验的五种非标准绝缘子中,玻璃钟罩型绝缘子较好的利用了其爬电距离,而双伞型瓷绝缘子的有效爬电系数最低。     

风速及风向对复合绝缘子闪络特性的影响

电力系统复合绝缘子闪络故障往往与有风天气状态有关,除因风引起的风偏闪络外,本文统计发现低风速状态下仍存在一定数量的复合绝缘子闪络故障,而目前有关不同风速及风向对复合绝缘子闪络特性的研究数据尚十分缺乏。为了研究风速和风向对复合绝缘子闪络电压的影响,在风洞试验室搭建了工频闪络特性试验平台,来模拟自然界中不同风速和风向,通过复合绝缘子人工闪络试验,获得了不同风速及风向条件下复合绝缘子的闪络电压。结果表明,不同的风向角下复合绝缘子闪络电压会随风速的增加而升高,绝缘子闪络电压受风向角影响明显,风向角越接近90°,闪络电压越高,紫外摄像表明空气流对复合绝缘子闪络的形成和发展起到抑制作用。研究结果有助于指导对复合绝缘子闪络故障的现场分析。     

Effect of core diameter of cylindrical polymer insulators on contamination flashover voltage—part I

This paper presents the investigation results of the effect of the core diameter on the flashover voltage of cylindrical polymer insulators under contaminated and heavy fog conditions. The specimens had the same or very similar shed profiles but different core diameters. The results confirmed a large reduction in flashover voltage when the core diameter was increased from 26 mm for transmission line insulators to 73 mm for post insulators; however, change is not so significant from post insulators to bushing shells having larger core diameters. Higher flashover voltages of line insulators are attributable to the large difference in the leakage current density between the trunk and shed portions so that the wetting conditions are very different between these portions. This causes the applied voltage to the whole insulator to be divided and allotted to almost all the dried trunks, preventing the concentration of the applied voltage to only a few portions, resulting in higher flashover voltages. The quantitative assessment of contamination flashover voltage characteristics of hydrophobic polymer insulators presented in this paper will be helpful in the selection and design of polymer insulators for contamination areas. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

瓷和玻璃绝缘子人工污秽交流闪络特性及有效爬电系数的比较

人工污秽绝缘子的闪络电压、污闪电压梯度和有效爬电系数均与其材质和型式有关。国内虽对污闪特性研究较多，但对不同绝缘子的有效爬电系数研究不多。文中在人工雾室中对五种典型结构的瓷和玻璃绝缘子的污闪特性进行了试验研究。根据试验结果分析和计算了五种典型绝缘子的闪络电压、闪络电压梯度、有效爬电系数。结果表明：在人工污秽试验条件下，不同型式绝缘子的污闪电压有较大差异，盐密对不同型式绝缘子的闪络电压的影响程度也有差异；三伞型绝缘子和玻璃绝缘子具有较高的闪络电压；不同绝缘子的有效爬电系数与其结构型式和材质有关，玻璃绝缘子的有效爬电系数高于瓷绝缘子，且玻璃绝缘子的有效爬电系数随污秽程度的增加而增加，而瓷绝缘子的有效爬电系数随污秽程度的增加而减小。