红外可调声光滤光器的设计和特性分析

根据声光互作用原理，以TeO2晶体为互作用介质，选取互作用长度为28mm，设计制成近红外声光可调滤光器（AOTF），其衍射波长与超声频率存在对应关系。测试结果表明，该器件的工作波长范围为0.9-2.6μm，驱动频率为40－120MHz，光谱分辨力为7.268nm，6.957nm（对应波长分别为1.5μm，2.4μm）。     

基于AOTF的在线红外光谱测量系统

介绍了一种新型的红外光谱测量系统，它由准直发射系统和聚焦接收系统两大部分组成，以声光可调谐滤光器（AOTF）为色散元件，连续改变AOTF的驱动频率就能实现快速波长扫描，达到实时测量目的。该系统具有结构简单、测量快速等特点，可用于在线有害气体检测和红外光谱分析。实验表明，系统光谱测量范围2．5－5μm，光谱分辨力为10nm。     

光栅计量型的垂直扫描位移工作台及其误差分析

为满足精密测量中垂直扫描白光干涉以及千分表、电感位移传感器、表面粗糙度触针位移传感器标定对垂直方向的高精度定位和高分辨率运动要求,研制出一种纳米级垂直扫描位移工作台.该工作台采用柔性铰链结构,压电陶瓷驱动位移,满足纳米级微位移驱动要求,同时利用两级杠杆放大结构,扩大了位移行程.针对压电陶瓷驱动的位移随电压变化的非线性特点,利用衍射光栅对压电驱动进行实时监控,对这种非线性误差进行实时补偿.衍射光栅固定在工作台的微定位板上,工作台的移动量可由衍射光栅二次衍射干涉后产生的条纹变化得到.根据衍射光栅的计量特点,分析垂直扫描位移工作台测量误差的主要影响因素.通过试验验证,优化系统误差,进一步提高了垂直扫描位移工作台的定位精度.     

声光可调滤光器及其在光谱分析方面的应用

描述了作为色散元件的声光可调滤光器的结构及滤光器的驱动频率ｆａ和衍射光波长λ０的调谐特性。着重对不同物质的吸光谱进行了测试，测试结果表明，不同物质有其不同的吸收光谱，而吸收光谱可反映物质内部的许多信息，这为研究物质内部的微细结构提供了一种有效方法。     

压缩机驱动方式对主动调相型两级脉管阻抗特性影响研究

对双压缩机驱动和单压缩机驱动两种驱动方式下,两级脉管的声阻抗特性和制冷效率随运行压力和运行频率的变化进行对比,研究了单压缩机驱动时冷指的声功分配和制冷效率.一台工作温区为20 K和80 K的主动调相型两级脉管制冷机,冷指入口声阻抗幅值随着运行频率的增加和运行压力的减少而减少.随着运行压力和运行频率的增加,一级制冷效率提...     

新型的激光多普勒信号检波系统

为解决超低频、微小振动的高精度测量与装调间的矛盾,提出了一种新型的激光多普勒信号检波系统。该系统通过一运动光栅的衍射,得到约40.5%的测量光强,用另一光栅的衍射消除两束差动光间的夹角以及光波长对测量精度的影响;频移﹑混频分开进行,保证系统装调更方便准确;用1/4波片﹑渥拉斯顿棱镜等得到相位差90°的正余弦信号,实现位移方向识别。实验得出,该系统振动频率和振幅测量精度均为1%,可测频率范围可达到0.5-500Hz,可测振幅范围:1μm-5mm。     

1×8 MEMS光波长选择器的驱动设计与性能测试

本文设计了1x8 MEMS光波长信道选择器的驱动电路,利用电路中的串口信号转换芯片将光波长信道选择器与计算机相连,实现了计算机操作界面对1x8光波长信道选择器的工作状态的选择与控制.利用光学平台、精密光纤调节架、高稳定光源及光功率计等仪器对1x8光波长信道选择器的各单元器件进行定位及集成.设计并建立了1x8光波长信道选择器的响应时间和插入损耗的测试系统,对1×8光波长信道选择器的响应时间和插入损耗进行了测量,实验测得1×8光波长信道选择器的响应时间约为15 ms,最大插入损耗约为2.5 dB.     

中红外AOTF前置光谱相机折/衍射混合变焦光学系统

设计了基于AOTF器件的中波红外光谱相机前置变焦系统,针对AOTF器件和探测器的特性,系统采用折/衍射混合设计,用6片透镜即实现了25~300 mm连续12×变焦,并用ZEMAX软件对则汇集结果进行优化和像质评价。结果表明,该光学系统各个波段上在空间频率14 lp/mm处调制传递函数(MTF)值接近衍射极限,能量集中度大于90%。可用于大多情况下中红外光谱成像分析以及中红外的目标探测及识别。     

影响真空溅射用射频电源特性因素的研究

研究了用于真空溅射沉积射频电源的功率转换效率和频率稳定性的影响因素,分析了E类功率放大器和射频驱动级电路的工作特性。推演了最大输出功率公式,运用matlab对其归一化处理,得出最优占空比;在最优占空比条件下,根据射频电源功率放大器对射频驱动级电路的要求,设计了射频驱动级电路,提高了射频电源功率输出频率的稳定度。经电路实验测试,其结果显示,波形规整、稳定。     

两级阶梯形变幅杆设计及优化

基于ANSYS workbench多目标驱动优化模块对两级阶梯形变幅杆进行优化设计。基于解析法设计两级阶梯形变幅杆,建立参数化变幅杆模型;在静力学分析基础上对变幅杆进行模态、谐响应分析。通过52个设计点仿真分析获得谐振频率、放大系数、最大应力与变幅杆结构尺寸关系,并优化变幅杆尺寸。研究表明,变幅杆谐振频率小于理论设计频率,振幅放大系数小于理论值,超声能量损耗较大。优化所得变幅杆的谐振频率接近理论设计频率,提高放大系数。为大功率、大振幅的超声变幅杆优化设计提供新的设计、优化思路。     

Telecentric confocal optics for aberration correction of acousto-optic tunable filters

A telecentric confocal optical arrangement is presented that greatly reduces the diffraction aberrations of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). Analytical expressions for the aberrations were identified based on the fundamental properties of Bragg diffraction, and additional aberrations due to focusing through the AOTF were also included. The analysis was verified by use of a geometrical ray trace optical code, and an experimental AOTF system was analyzed. Considerable improvement in the potential spatial resolution is predicted with confocal optics, which could accommodate large pixel-limited image fields of greater than 10(6) pixels. When the image quality of the experimental system was assessed, the resolution was found to be improved by the confocal optics and was diffraction limited. Higher resolution could have been obtained with the use of larger optics to increase the throughput before being limited by the aberrations.     

Spectral characterization of integrated acousto-optic tunable filters by means of laser frequency modulation spectroscopy

The spectral characteristics of an integrated acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as well as its responsivity to the rf driving signal and sensitivity to temperature changes are experimentally investigated and quantified using a diode-laser-based interrogation system. A spectroscopic technique, exploiting the rf frequency modulation of the laser beam and the phase-sensitive detection of the AOTF transmission, has been used for this purpose. That allows for the generation of a dispersivelike signal, which serves as a reference for tracking any wavelength change of the filter's peak with high resolution. The possibility of using the integrated AOTF as a spectrum analyzer with this interrogation scheme for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensing is also discussed.     

Image processing method to improve AOTF spectral resolution and spatial resolution

Abstract

An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) causes the diffracted angle and wavelength to spread, leading to loss of resolution. The light intensity detected by a CCD pixel equals the true intensity plus the stray light caused by the spread of the wavelength and diffraction angle. Here, the true intensity is obtained using neighbourhood estimate recursive correction iteration, improving the spectral and spatial resolution. The spread of acoustic wave angles caused by diffraction is analysed. The reason for the spreads is analysed and derived. A method is reported for measuring the correspondence between the wavelength and diffraction angle spread, using an AOTF, an angle measurement spectrometer and a fibre spectrometer. The iterations’ stop condition is analysed. The improved theory is verified by an AOTF spectral imaging experiment.     

Design of an infrared monochromatic system with an AOTF as the dispersion element

In this paper, a method on how to design an infrared monochromatic system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is introduced. Some key problems about optical system (including collimation of incident light beam and working distance-the shortest distance to separate the zero order light and the diffracted light) are researched and solved. The driving circuit for an AOTF based on Direct Digital Synthesis and a Digital Signal Processor is also introduced. The experimental results show a direct proportional relationship between the wave number of diffracted light and the driving frequency. The monochromatic system has a wave number range of 2000-4000 cm(-1) and the spectral half-width is 20 cm(-1).     

Near-infrared spectropolarimetry based on acousto-optical tunable filters

A new approach to near-infrared (NIR) spectropolarimetry is described, in which the properties of a noncollinear acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) made of an anisotropic crystal of TeO2 is employed to produce a novel instrument that precludes or reduces significantly the use of mechanical parts and simplifies the acquisition of optical rotation spectra of absorbing species in the NIR region. In essence, the instrument is based on the measurement of the relative beam intensities produced when a 45 degrees plane polarized beam of radiation passes through a sample cell and is directed to the entrance window of the AOTF. Because of the crystal anisotropy, two planar and orthogonally polarized beams will leave the AOTF, angularly split from the nondiffracted beam, after the acousto-optical interaction has occurred. If an optically nonactive sample is present in the cell, equal intensities for both diffracted beams should be observed. On the other hand, the presence of an optically active sample will cause the polarization plane to rotate and a consequent difference in the intensities of the AOTF diffracted beams will be registered as a function of the optical activity of the sample. The instrument has been evaluated with aqueous solutions of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and for three forms of camphor (d, l, dl).     

Multiwavelength thermal lens spectrophotometer based on an acousto-optic tunable filter.

The instrumentation development of a novel, all solid-state, nonmoving parts, fast-scanning and wide-tuning range multiwavelength thermal lens spectrophotometer based on the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is described. Initially, the essential electronic driver was developed to facilitate the systematic characterization of the paratellurite (TeO2) AOTF and to demonstrate that this filter can be successfully and uniquely used as an all solid-state, nonmoving parts dispersive device to rapidly diffract white incident light into a selected color beam, to amplitude modulate the diffracted monochromatic light, and to keep its intensity constant. The multiwavelength thermal lens instrument was subsequently constructed using this AOTF, and preliminary results on advantages of this spectrophotometer such as its ability to characterize trace chemicals and to analyze multicomponent samples are delineated.     

Design and Characterization of an AOTF Hyper-Spectral Polarization Imaging System

The present paper describes a hyper-spectral polarization imaging system based on a non-collinear, acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and a linear polarizer. The paper begins with an analysis of the equivalent relationship of the AOTF to describe the principle of polarization detection of this system. Appropriate parameters of hardware components are assigned later. This system, being electronically controllable and tunable, can not only ensure the precision of imaging but also obtain hyper-spectral polarization signatures. The prototype has two optional working modes, namely, hyper-spectral polarization imaging and hyper-spectral intensity imaging. Moreover, parameters of this system – such as diffraction efficiency, spectral resolution and modulation precision – are tested using a halogen tungsten lamp and an optical fibre spectrometer. The results indicate that this instrument is compact, vibration-insensitive, robust and precisely controllable. The system designed in this paper has further application in polarization detection techniques in military.     

Diffuse-object holograms in silver halide emulsions: influence of the beam ratio on the efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio

The influence of the beam ratio between reference and object beam intensities on the characteristics of diffuse-object holograms recorded as volume phase holograms in bleached silver halide emulsion is experimentally analyzed. Measurements of the diffraction efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of the holograms are taken. The experimental results presented show that when the beam ratio increases, the diffraction efficiency decreases and the signal-to-noise ratio increases; these two holographic parameters behave in this way no matter what type of processing is used.     

Near-infrared thermal lens spectrometer based on an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and an acousto-optic tunable filter, and its application in the determination of nucleotides

A novel spectrometer that is based on the use of the thermal lens effect for sensitive measurements of absorption in the near-IR region has been developed. In this instrument the near-IR excitation light (from 1515 to 1590 nm) was provided by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) was used to spectrally disperse the light from the EDFA. The AOTF was used in a new configuration in which, instead of the diffracted light, the transmitted light was used. The heat generated as a consequence of the absorption of the near-IR excitation beam by the sample was monitored by a He-Ne laser. The sensitivity of this spectrometer was found to be at least two to three times higher than that of conventional transmission measurements. Its application in the sensitive determination of nucleotides (adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and thymidine) is described.     

Acousto-optic tunable filter sidelobe analysis and reduction with telecentric confocal optics

The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) has optical sidelobes that are due to the acoustic field produced by the transducer. These sidelobes were analyzed by wave-vector phase matching between the optical and acoustic fields, which correlated with measurements made with a TeO2 AOTF. A white-light point source was filtered and imaged, showing reasonably large and slowly decreasing sidelobes covering a large spectral range. This effect reduces the image quality of an AOTF system by producing faint secondary images of bright objects. The image quality can be improved with a telecentric confocal optical arrangement in which the angular shift of the sidelobes is greatly reduced, producing a much sharper image. This effect was also demonstrated experimentally with the point source.