Effect of cutting parameters on pitting corrosion resistance of S32760 duplex stainless steel

To improve the performance in service of S32760 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in the marine environment, the influence of cutting parameters of S32760 DSS on the pitting corrosion resistance of the workpiece is studied. Cutting experiments are performed on S32760 DSS by varying the cutting parameters to investigate their effects on the surface morphology. The electrochemical experiments are conducted on the workpiece immersed in the 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution to investigate how the cutting parameters affect the pitting corrosion resistance of S32760 DSS. The results indicate that the pitting corrosion resistance is influenced by the cutting speed and feed rate, which in turn affects the surface roughness. The cutting depth does not have a significant impact on the surface roughness but significantly affects the pitting resistance. The recommended cutting parameters are as follows: feed rate of 0.1 mm/r, cutting speed of 130 m/min, and cutting depth of 0.4 mm.     

固溶温度对2205双相不锈钢组织和点蚀性能的影响

对2205双相不锈钢热轧板进行了不同温度的固溶处理,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了不同固溶状态下的组织演变规律,通过FeCl₃溶液浸泡法研究了固溶温度对2205双相不锈钢点蚀性能的影响。结果表明,950 ℃固溶处理后,组织中有s相;经1000~1100 ℃固溶处理后,由奥氏体和铁素体两相组成。随固溶温度升高,铁素体含量逐渐增加,奥氏体晶粒度减小,孔蚀数量、孔蚀平均尺寸和腐蚀速率均呈下降趋势。经1100 ℃×20 min水冷固溶处理后,奥氏体和铁素体含量约各占一半,组织均匀,表现出良好的耐点蚀性能。     

Improvement on the pitting corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel via duplex passivation treatment

A remarkable improvement in the pitting corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel was attempted using a novel duplex passivation treatment method. First, chemical passivation in nitric acid followed electrochemical passivation via potential polarization of step cycling in sodium nitrate electrolyte. Compared with traditional chemical passivation, breakdown potential was increased from 0.31 V_SCE to positive than 0.9 V_SCE at 70°C in a solution bearing 0.6 M [Cl^?] concentration. The critical pitting temperature was enhanced from 21.5°C to above 70°C in a solution with 6 M [Cl^?] concentration. Impedance analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that a more compact passive film with a higher ratio of chromium oxide on iron oxide was achieved by electrochemical passivation compared with chemical passivation. Morphology observation suggested that the potential polarization of step cycling slightly increased the dissolution of inclusions after being subjected to chemical passivation. The probable reason for the improvement on pitting resistance is discussed in detail based on inclusion dissolution and the protectiveness in passive film.     

富Cu相对双相不锈钢堆焊层电化学腐蚀及点蚀性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、动电位扫描试验及点蚀浸泡试验研究了时效处理对含Cu双相不锈钢堆焊层组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果 表明,经1170℃固溶后,两种双相不锈钢堆焊层主要由铁索体相(α)、奥氏体相(γ)和少量MnO· Cr2O3氧化物组成.其中4Cu堆焊层试样经580℃时效60 min后,在α相中析出了尺寸约为1μm的...     

Novel strategies for assessing the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel surfaces

Pitting corrosion is one of the most common mechanisms of surface damage on stainless steels. Electrochemical methods have been preferentially applied for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in the laboratory. Nevertheless, some of them are not reliable enough and in general the application of electrochemical methods in the field becomes difficult because of required deep understanding of corrosive phenomena and measurement technology. Therefore, new approaches for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces in the laboratory as well as in the field are necessary. In the present paper two novel strategies including electrochemical noise measurements under anodic polarization for laboratory testing, and an indicator test to assess the susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces to pitting corrosion in the field are introduced. Experimental results concerning the influence of surface treatments on the pitting corrosion resistance on stainless steels have confirmed that final surface condition has a significant effect on their future pitting corrosion susceptibility. In addition, the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel surfaces was observed being specifically dependent on the achieved surface topography and in some cases independent on the roughness parameters of the surface.     

Role of surface finishing on pitting corrosion of a duplex stainless steel in seawater

Localized corrosion of duplex UNS S32550 stainless steel in seawater was investigated in the laboratory and in field trials for several surface finish conditions: polished, ground, and sandblasted. Electrochemical data obtained by polarization curves showed that the smoother, polished surface had better characteristics (higher pitting and protection potentials) than the ground or sandblasted surfaces. However, despite its high degree of roughness, the sandblasted surface was the most resistant in field conditions, exhibiting the lowest number of sites attacked. Internal compressive stresses created by sandblasting seem also to have an “unsensitizing” effect on sensitized zones that exist in cast steel (due to repairs of mold defects), reducing its susceptibility to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Such stresses are not generated in polished or ground surfaces, and localized MIC attack can occur.     

2205双相不锈钢焊接接头微区耐点蚀性能分析

采用光学显微镜观察了2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织形貌,采用自制的微电化学测试系统测量了母材、焊缝和HAZ的微区循环伏安曲线.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织为铁素体＋奥氏体,焊缝中铁素体含量约为48%,与母材相当,HAZ中铁素体平均含量高于50%;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中2205双相不锈钢焊接接头焊缝微...     

Influence of sigma-phase formation on the localized corrosion behavior of a duplex stainless steel

Because of their austenitic-ferritic microstructures, duplex stainless steels offer a good combination of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. However, heat treatments can lower the mechanical strength of these stainless steels as well as render them susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) and pitting corrosion. In this study, a low-carbon (0.02%) duplex stainless steel is subjected to various heat treatments at 450 to 950 °C for 30 min to 10 h. The heat-treated samples then undergo ASTM IGC and pitting corrosion tests, and the results are correlated with the microstructures obtained after each heat treatment. In the absence of Cr₂₃C₆ precipitation, σ-phase precipitates render this duplex stainless steel susceptible to IGC and pitting corrosion. Even submicroscopic σ-phase precipitates are deleterious for IGC resistance. Longer-duration heat treatments (at 750 to 850 °C) induce chromium diffusion to replenish the chromium-depleted regions around the σ-phase precipitates and improve IGC resistance; pitting resistance, however, is not fully restored. Various mechanisms of σ-phase formation are discussed to show that regions adjacent to σ-phase are depleted of chromium and molybdenum. The effect of chemical composition (pitting resistance equivalent) on the pitting resistance of various stainless steels is also noted.     

双相不锈钢堆焊层应力腐蚀性能评价

为防止换热器等设备发生应力腐蚀,工程上试采用在与腐蚀介质接触的表面堆焊2205双相不锈钢.为探索方案的应用范畴与可行性,对两种焊接工艺(自动焊及焊条电弧焊)、3种工程上常见腐蚀环境(饱和硫化氢、氯化镁、氯化钙),通过恒负荷拉伸试验方法及断口微观分析手段,综合评价其应力腐蚀性能,并根据试验结果建立应力-寿命数学模型.结果表明,饱和H2S环境中恒负荷拉伸门槛值σth自动焊为0.45ReL、焊条电弧焊为0.4ReL,二者相差17％.氯化钙环境中0.9ReL应力下96 h试验后所有试样完好,显示出优良的抗氯化钙应力腐蚀能力.而该材料则不适于在沸腾氯化镁环境下工作.     

Pitting corrosion of thermally aged cast duplex stainless steel for primary coolant pipes of nuclear power plants

The pitting corrosion of thermally aged Z3CN20.09M cast duplex stainless steel (CDSS) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both pitting potential and charge transfer resistance values of thermally aged specimens became less positive with aging time, while passive current density increased, indicating that thermal aging causes degradation in pitting corrosion resistance. The pitting potential of thermally aged specimens after annealed is higher than that of thermally aged specimens revealing that the pitting corrosion resistance of annealed specimens has been improved. The α’ phase precipitation during thermal aging in ferrite brings the Cr-enriched and Cr-depleted zone microstructures which mainly induced the degradation of pitting corrosion resistance. The microsegregation of Cr element or Cr enriched and Cr-depleted zones will be alleviated or even removed due to the Cr-rich α’ phases dissolution during the process of annealing. So, the pitting corrosion resistance of annealed specimens is improved.     

固溶温度与2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性的关系

采用金相显微镜、电化学动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了固溶温度对2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着固溶温度的提高,α相含量增加,γ相含量减少;Cl-作用下最先腐蚀的相为铁素体相,处于α相中未溶解的γ相的尺寸大小对2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性会产生一定的影响,尤其1100 ℃温度下,α相中未溶细小的条状γ相使得耐蚀性严重降低。Cl-作用下最先腐蚀相为α相。固溶温度对α相中未溶解的γ相的大小及α、γ相界面均对其耐蚀性影响较大。     

2209和2507双相不锈钢堆焊层组织结构及耐蚀性对比

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪等,对2209和2507双相不锈钢FCAW堆焊层焊态、退火态的组织结构和耐蚀性进行对比研究。结果表明：两种堆焊层焊态时均主要由铁素体α和魏氏体状奥氏体γ组成,在α晶内及α/γ界面处存在少量细条状的二次奥氏体γ2,在α/γ、α/α界面处还存在极少量的点状σ相;两种堆焊层经690℃×8h退火后,σ相和γ2均明显增多。两种堆焊层焊态的耐蚀性均合格,且2507型堆焊层的耐蚀性优于2209型堆焊层;而两种堆焊层退火态的耐蚀性均急剧下降、严重不合格,这主要是由于退火过程中堆焊层内析出大量σ相和γ2所致。     

The effect of passive layer stability on electrochemical noise signals arising from pitting corrosion of stainless steels

Electrochemical noise (EN) enables corrosion research and monitoring in real time and with high sensitivity. In the case of submicroscopic nucleation events of pitting corrosion it has been observed that the cathodic process plays a decisive role in the mechanism as well as in the origin of EN signals, which depend not only on the metallic dissolution reaction but also on the electron‐consuming process. EN signals arising from the nucleation process of localized corrosion on stainless steels can only be recorded due to the inhibition effect on the cathodic process achieved by the spontaneous formation of the passive layer. In consequence, passive layer stability becomes a significant factor in influencing EN signals. The way in which the passive layer stability affects the acquisition and analysis of EN signals arising from pitting corrosion on stainless steels is discussed in detail.